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### Feasibility Analysis of Tungsten Carbide Forging and Core Manufacturing Processes
Feasibility Analysis of Tungsten Carbide Forging and Core Manufacturing Processes
I. Core Conclusion: Traditional Forging is Infeasible, but Special Processes Offer the Possibility of "Forging-like" Processes
Tungsten carbide (WC), as a typical core phase of tungsten-based cemented carbide, cannot be formed using traditional metal forging processes (such as hammer forging, roll forging, and extrusion). However, under specific temperature and pressure coupling conditions, a "forging-like" densification technology derived from powder metallurgy exists, which is fundamentally different from the plastic flow forming of traditional forging.
II. The Material Science Underlying the Infeasibility of Traditional Forging
The crystal structure and composite system characteristics of tungsten carbide fundamentally limit the feasibility of traditional forging:
1. Thermodynamic Constraints: WC has a melting point as high as 2870℃, far exceeding the temperature limit of industrial forging furnaces (conventional steel forging temperature ≤1200℃). Even at high temperatures, it has no obvious softening range, making it impossible to achieve the rheological state required for plastic deformation.
2. Contradictory Mechanical Properties: At room temperature, WC has a hardness of HRA 89-92.5 and a microhardness ≥1800HV, while its fracture toughness is only 10-15 MPa・m¹/². It is a typical "high-hardness, low-plasticity" ceramic matrix composite. Traditional forging impact loads or static pressures directly lead to intergranular bond fracture, resulting in brittle fragmentation.
3. Microstructure Limitations: Industrial WC products are typically a "WC grains + metallic binder phase" composite system (the binder phase is mostly Co or Ni, with a content of 5-15wt%). The binder phase only encapsulates the WC grains in a thin film, failing to form a continuous plastic load-bearing network and hindering overall plastic flow.
III. Core Manufacturing Processes of Tungsten Carbide (Industrial-Grade Professional Analysis)
(I) Mainstream Process: Powder Metallurgy (Accounting for over 95% of Global WC Product Production)
Powder metallurgy is the standard manufacturing route for WC products. Its core is a three-step process of "powder preparation - molding - sintering," with the key being controlling grain size and density:
1. Powder Preparation Stage
Direct Synthesis Method: Tungsten powder (W≥99.9%, particle size 1-5μm) is mixed with carbon black/graphite powder (C≥99.5%) at an atomic ratio of W:C=1:1. A carbothermic reduction reaction occurs in a hydrogen atmosphere at 1400-1600℃: W + C → WC, generating primary WC powder (particle size 0.5-3μm). Spray drying granulation: Add 5-15wt% Co powder (binder phase) and molding agent (such as paraffin wax, polyvinyl alcohol) to WC powder, ball mill (ball-to-powder ratio 10:1, grinding time 24-72h), and then spray dry to form a flowable agglomerated powder (particle size 50-200μm).
1. Molding Stage
Cold isostatic pressing (CIP): Load the agglomerated powder into an elastic mold and press it isostatically under a pressure of 150-300MPa to obtain a green body with a relative density of 60-70%, suitable for complex-shaped products (such as knives, molds).
Compression molding: Use a steel mold to press unidirectionally under a pressure of 100-200MPa, suitable for simple shapes (such as liners, dental drill bits). It is necessary to control the uniformity of the pressing density to avoid sintering cracking.
1. Sintering Stage
Vacuum Sintering: Heating at 1350-1500℃ and a vacuum degree ≤10⁻³Pa for 1-4 hours, divided into solid-state sintering (diffusion on the WC grain surface) and liquid-phase sintering (melting of the Co-based binder phase, wetting and encapsulating the WC grains and filling pores), ultimately obtaining products with a relative density ≥99%.
Low-Pressure Sintering (LPS): Argon gas at 0.5-5MPa is introduced in the later stages of sintering to inhibit abnormal growth of WC grains and eliminate closed pores, increasing the density to over 99.5% and improving fracture toughness by 10-15%.
(II) Cutting-Edge "Forging-like" Densification Technology (Specifically for High-End WC Products)
This technology replaces the plastic deformation of traditional forging with "high temperature + dynamic pressure," with the core objective of refining grains and increasing density:
1. Oscillating Pressure Assisted Sintering Forging (OPASF)
Process Principle: A pre-sintered blank (relative density 70-85%) is placed in a graphite mold, and periodic oscillating pressure (amplitude 5-20 MPa, frequency 10-50 Hz) is applied at 1200-1400℃. The pressure waves promote particle rearrangement and interfacial bonding.
Technical Advantages: It can achieve an ultrafine grain structure (WC grain size 250-500 nm), a relative density of 99.6%, a 5-8% increase in hardness, and a fracture toughness of 18-22 MPa・m¹/². It has been applied to aero-engine blade inserts and high-end cutting tools.
1. Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP)
Process Parameters: Holding at 1300-1450℃ and 100-200MPa argon pressure for 2-4 hours, utilizing the high-temperature, high-pressure isostatic pressing environment to eliminate sintering defects (such as microporosity and cracks).
Applications: Used for WC-Co military products (such as armor-piercing projectile cores) and high-precision molds, increasing fatigue strength by over 30%.
2. Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS)
Process Characteristics: Rapid heating via Joule heating generated by pulsed current (heating rate 100-500℃/min), holding at 800-1200℃ and 50-150MPa pressure for 3-10 minutes, achieving rapid densification.
Core Advantages: Significantly shortens sintering time, inhibits WC grain growth (particle size ≤ 1μm), and consumes only 1/3 the energy of traditional sintering. Suitable for nanocrystalline WC products and WC-TiC-TaC multi-element alloys.
(III) Other Special Manufacturing Processes
1. Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD): Deposits a WC coating (1-10μm thick) on the substrate surface through a gas-phase reaction (e.g., WF₆ + CH₄ + H₂ → WC + HF), used for surface strengthening of cutting tools and bearings.
2. Selective Laser Melting (SLM): Utilizes a laser beam to selectively melt and shape WC-Co powder. Suitable for complex custom-made parts (e.g., micro-molds, medical implants), but requires solving crack control and density challenges.
IV. Process Selection and Application Scenarios Matching
Manufacturing ProcessDensityGrain SizeProduction CostTypical ApplicationsVacuum Sintering≥99%1-5μmLowGeneral-purpose cutting tools, wear-resistant linersLow-Pressure Sintering≥99.5%0.8-3μmMediumPrecision molds, engineering machinery partsHot Isostatic Pressing (HIP)≥99.8%1-4μmHighMilitary products, aerospace componentsOscillating Pressure Sintering≥99.6%0.25-1μmMedium-HighHigh-end cutting tools, wear-resistant insertsSpark Plasma Sintering (SPS)≥99.7%0.5-2μmHighNanocrystalline products, special alloys
V. Summary
1. Due to its high hardness, low plasticity, and high melting point, tungsten carbide is completely unsuitable for traditional forging processes. Any attempt to achieve plastic deformation through impact or static pressure will result in product breakage.
2. Industrially, powder metallurgy is the core manufacturing technology, offering advantages in both cost and mass production. For high-end applications, "forging-like" densification technologies such as oscillating pressure sintering and hot isostatic pressing can be used to achieve performance upgrades.
3. Process selection should be application-demand oriented: vacuum sintering is preferred for general-purpose wear-resistant parts; low-pressure sintering or hot isostatic pressing is used for precision load-bearing parts; and spark plasma sintering or oscillating pressure sintering can be used for ultra-high-performance components.
Our company is among China’s top ten cemented carbide manufacturers. Should you require cemented carbide products, please contact us.

### YG6 VS YG8 :  A Comparison of Their Applications and Selection
YG6 VS YG8 :  A Comparison of Their Applications and Selection
I. Definition and Composition Characteristics of YG Series Cemented Carbide Grades
Cemented carbide is an alloy material produced through powder metallurgy processes from refractory metal carbides (such as Tungsten Carbide, WC) and binder metals (such as Cobalt, Co). YG6 VS YG8 are cemented carbide grades under the Chinese standard. As the most representative category within the YG series, their grade naming follows industry conventions: "Y" stands for "Ying Zhi He Jin" (hard alloy, from the pinyin initial), "G" stands for the binder metal "Gu" (Cobalt, from the pinyin initial), and the subsequent number indicates the mass percentage of Cobalt.
YG6: Tungsten Carbide (WC) mass fraction is approximately 94%, Cobalt (Co) mass fraction is 6%, belonging to the low-cobalt content cemented carbide. Its room temperature hardness can reach HRA 89.5-92, density is 14.6-15.0 g/cm³, transverse rupture strength is approximately 1400-1600 MPa, and thermal conductivity is approximately 75 W/(m·K). It possesses the core characteristics of high hardness and high wear resistance.
YG8: Tungsten Carbide (WC) mass fraction is approximately 92%, Cobalt (Co) mass fraction is 8%, belonging to the medium-cobalt content cemented carbide. Its room temperature hardness is HRA 89-90, density is 14.5-14.9 g/cm³, transverse rupture strength increases to 1600-1800 MPa, and thermal conductivity is approximately 70 W/(m·K). It offers more prominent toughness and impact resistance.
Cobalt content is the core factor causing the performance difference between the two grades: Cobalt acts as the binder phase; a higher content enhances the alloy's toughness and impact resistance, but correspondingly reduces hardness and wear resistance. Conversely, a lower cobalt content improves hardness and wear resistance, but reduces toughness.
II. Core Application Areas of YG6 VS YG8
The YG series is widely used in mechanical processing, mining, electronic manufacturing, and other fields due to its good thermal conductivity, anti-adhesion properties (less prone to chemical reactions with non-ferrous metals), and strong adaptability to machining brittle materials. The specific application scenarios of the two grades have their own emphases:
(1) Typical Applications of YG6
Mechanical Processing Field: Mainly used for finishing and semi-finishing of non-ferrous metals (aluminum, copper, zinc alloys) and cast iron (gray iron, ductile iron), such as precision turning, boring, and reaming operations. It can process high-precision parts like engine blocks, machine tool guide rails, and bearing housings; also suitable for precision cutting tools for non-metallic materials like hard plastics, wood, and ceramics.
Mold and Tool Field: Used for manufacturing wear-resistant working parts of cold dies, wire drawing dies, extrusion dies, and precision tools like printer cleaning blades and carton slotting knives.
Electronics and Precision Manufacturing: Used for cutting and grinding tools for semiconductor materials (e.g., silicon wafers) and optical glass, ensuring high flatness of the machined surface.
(2) Typical Applications of YG8
Mechanical Processing Field: Focuses on roughing and intermittent cutting of cast iron and non-ferrous metals, such as removal of casting gates and risers, rough turning of blanks, and intermittent milling. It is particularly suitable for machining castings with sand holes, blowholes, or materials with uneven hardness; can also be used for semi-finishing of high-strength wear-resistant steels.
Mining and Geological Drilling: As a core drilling tool material, used for manufacturing cemented carbide button inserts for coal mines, gold mines, non-ferrous metal mines, and as the matrix for PDC drill bits used in petroleum drilling, adapting to scenarios with high impact loads in rock formations and complex working conditions.
Construction Machinery and Wear-Resistant Parts: Used for manufacturing wear-resistant and impact-resistant components such as excavator bucket teeth, crusher hammers, concrete vibrator pokers, as well as tools prone to impact like woodworking planer blades, pulverizer blades, and tungsten carbide blade for conveyor belt scrapers.
III. Advantages and Disadvantages Comparison: YG6 VS YG8
(1) Advantages and Disadvantages of YG6
Advantages:
High hardness, excellent wear resistance, high machining accuracy, capable of achieving low surface roughness like Ra ≤ 0.8 μm, suitable for high-precision machining requirements. Strong anti-adhesion properties, less prone to built-up edge when machining non-ferrous metals, ensuring machined surface quality. Slightly higher density, good stability, long tool life, suitable for continuous cutting conditions.
Disadvantages:
Poor toughness, insufficient impact resistance. Prone to chipping and fracture during intermittent cutting, or when material hardness is uneven or contains impurities. Sensitive to impact loads, not suitable for roughing or machining scenarios with severe vibration.
(2) Advantages and Disadvantages of YG8
Advantages:
Excellent toughness, strong impact resistance and anti-chipping ability, capable of adapting to harsh conditions like intermittent cutting and high impact loads. High transverse rupture strength, good tool durability, performs stably when machining materials containing impurities or with fluctuating hardness. Wide adaptability, can be used both in mechanical processing and to meet demands for high wear resistance and impact resistance in mining and construction machinery.
Disadvantages:
Hardness and wear resistance are slightly lower than YG6, machining accuracy is somewhat inferior, surface roughness is difficult to meet high-precision requirements. Wear resistance is limited; in continuous finishing or when machining high-hardness materials, service life is shorter than YG6.
IV. Precise Selection: Recommended Grades by Application Field
Based on the characteristic differences between the two grades, recommendations are classified by application scenario as follows:
(1) Mechanical Processing Industry
Recommend YG6 for:
Finishing of non-ferrous metals (aluminum, copper alloys), cast iron (e.g., final turning, fine boring). Cutting processing of precision instrument parts and electronic components. Continuous cutting conditions requiring high surface quality (Ra ≤ 1.6 μm) and long tool life.
Recommend YG8 for:
Roughing and semi-finishing of cast iron and non-ferrous metals (e.g., rough turning, rough milling). Intermittent cutting, machining scenarios where materials contain impurities or have uneven hardness (e.g., rough machining of castings). Semi-finishing of high-strength wear-resistant steels, and heavy-duty cutting of materials like wood and plastics.
(2) Mining and Drilling Industry
Prioritize recommending YG8 for:
Cemented carbide inserts and buttons used in drill bits for coal mine and metal mine core drilling. Wear-resistant parts for oil and gas drilling, such as tungsten carbide bushings. Crushing tools for open-pit mining and quarries (e.g., jaw plates, hammers), where YG8's toughness advantage is more prominent due to high impact loads.
(3) Mold and Tool Industry
Recommend YG6 for:
Precision cold dies, wire drawing dies, extrusion dies (for processing soft metals or non-metallic materials). High-precision tools (e.g., reamers, boring tools), precision scrapers for printers/copiers.
Recommend YG8 for:
Heavy-duty cold dies, dies for blanking thick plates. Tools prone to impact like woodworking planer blades, pulverizer blades, carton slotting knives.
(4) Construction Machinery Industry
Recommend YG8 for:
Excavator bucket teeth, loader blade edges, bulldozer track shoes. Impact-resistant wear parts like concrete breaker hammers and vibrator pokers; YG8 can effectively prevent chipping and extend service life.
(5) Synthetic Diamond Industry
Recommend YG8.
Cemented carbide anvils are key components in the high-pressure high-temperature (HPHT) method for synthesizing synthetic diamonds and lab-grown diamonds, serving as core components in cubic presses. Six anvils act synchronously on a pyrophyllite pressure chamber, enabling the conversion of graphite into diamond with the help of a catalyst. Domestically in China, Tungsten Carbide-Cobalt alloys such as YG8 are primarily used.
V. Summary
YG6 VS YG8, as core grades within the YG series, essentially represent a trade-off between "hardness" and "toughness": YG6 boasts "high precision, high wear resistance" as its core advantage, suitable for finishing and low-impact scenarios; YG8's core strength lies in "high toughness, impact resistance," suitable for roughing and harsh working conditions. During selection, the principle "prioritize YG6 for precision, prioritize YG8 for toughness" should be followed. A comprehensive judgment based on processing technology (rough/finish, continuous/intermittent), material characteristics (hardness, impurity content), and working conditions (impact load, vibration level) is necessary to maximize the performance advantages of cemented carbide and reduce production costs.
Our company is among China’s top ten tungsten carbide products manufacturers. Should you require cemented carbide products, please contact us.

### Stellite Saw Tips vs Tungsten Carbide Saw Tips: Performance Comparison, Application Scenarios, and Selection Guide
Stellite Saw Tips vs Tungsten Carbide Saw Tips: Performance Comparison, Application Scenarios, and Selection Guide
Stellite saw tips (cobalt-based alloy saw tips) and carbide saw tips (tungsten carbide saw tips) are core cutting tool materials in the industrial cutting field. The former uses cobalt as the matrix combined with elements such as chromium and tungsten, while the latter uses tungsten carbide as the hard phase and cobalt as the binder. Due to differences in composition and manufacturing process, they exhibit complementary properties, adapting to different working conditions.
I. Stellite saw tips (Cobalt-based Alloy Saw tips)
The core material of Stellite saw tips is Stellite alloy, formed through powder metallurgy or casting processes. The carbide hard phase is uniformly dispersed in the cobalt-based alloy matrix, making it a high-performance choice for extreme working conditions.
Key Advantages
Outstanding high temperature resistance and stability; maintains over 70% of room temperature hardness even at temperatures of 600-1100℃, and does not easily soften during cutting friction and heat generation.
Excellent toughness and impact resistance; can withstand impacts from nails and metal impurities hidden in wood, is not prone to chipping, and has good weldability, bonding firmly to the tool body. It offers comprehensive corrosion resistance, resisting corrosion from wet materials and chemical media, while also possessing good grindability and repairability, extending its service life.
It maintains stable cutting accuracy, preserving its sharpness even during long-term high-temperature cutting, reducing machining errors.
Main disadvantages: High cost; cobalt-based alloy raw materials are significantly more expensive than cemented carbide, resulting in substantial cost pressures for large-scale applications.
Low hardness at room temperature (HRC48-58); its wear resistance in cutting conventional materials is inferior to cemented carbide, leading to insufficient cost-effectiveness.
High-carbon models are difficult to machine, requiring specialized equipment for machining and grinding, resulting in higher maintenance costs.
Application areas:
Woodworking: Primarily used for sawing wet, frozen, and hardwood (such as black walnut and rosewood) and wood containing impurities, preventing corrosion and impact damage.
High-temperature conditions: Cutting high-temperature components in the aerospace industry, machining gas turbine parts, and withstanding extreme high-temperature environments.
Machining of special materials: Cutting new composite materials such as graphite, plastic fibers, and titanium alloys, as well as machining corrosive materials in the petrochemical industry.
Heavy-duty cutting scenarios: The main cutting edge of large band saws and circular saws in sawmills, handling high-intensity, continuous cutting demands.
II. carbide saw tips (Tungsten carbide saw tips)
Carbide saw tips are manufactured using powder metallurgy. Performance can be optimized by adjusting the tungsten carbide grain size and cobalt content. Commonly used tungsten-cobalt series (YG series) are widely applied in woodworking.
Core advantages: Extremely high hardness (HRA89-94), excellent edge retention, wear resistance several times that of ordinary steel, and long tool life.
Very wide applicability: Can cut various materials such as wood, metal, stone, and plastic. Model adjustments allow for adaptation to workpieces of different hardness.
High cutting efficiency: The dense and sharp hard phase allows for rapid material removal with high machining accuracy and a smooth cut.
Outstanding cost-effectiveness: Raw material costs are lower than Stellite alloys, making it suitable for large-scale, routine applications.
Main disadvantages: Poor toughness and weak impact resistance; prone to chipping and breakage under intermittent cutting, impact loads, or when machining materials containing impurities.
Sensitive to operating conditions; excessive feed rate, insufficient cooling, or inadequate equipment precision will accelerate damage.
Repair is difficult; after tooth breakage, the entire saw often needs to be replaced, unlike Stellite saw tips which can be easily reground and reused.
Corrosion resistance is moderate; it can only withstand some neutral media and is easily worn in wet or corrosive environments.
Application Areas:
General Wood Processing: Sawing of conventional materials such as solid wood, engineered wood, MDF, and plywood; it is the mainstream cutting tool in woodworking machinery.
Metal Cutting: Cutting and grooving of metal materials such as aluminum profiles, stainless steel, and carbon steel, including precision machining in aerospace manufacturing.
Non-metal Hard Material Processing: Cutting of materials such as stone, ceramic tiles, PVC pipes, and acrylic; suitable for home decoration and industrial production.
Fine Processing Scenarios: Sawing of veneered plywood, fireproof boards, and melamine boards; using trapezoidal flat teeth can reduce edge chipping.
III. Core Performance Comparison Table
Performance DimensionsStellite saw tipTungsten carbide saw tipsHardnessHRC48-58（Medium-high hardness）.HRA89-94（Extremely high hardness）.Temperature Resistance Range600-1100℃（Excellent）.>1100℃（Good).Toughness and Impact ResistanceExcellent (Resistant to impurity impact).Poor (Prone to tooth chipping).Corrosion ResistanceExcellent (Resistant to wet materials/chemical corrosion).Average (Resistant to neutral media only).Cost LevelHigh.Medium-high(Higher cost-effectiveness).Maintenance CharacteristicsResharpenable, good reusability.Difficult to repair, often requires complete replacement.Suitable ScenariosHigh temperature, corrosive, impurity-containing working conditions.Conventional cutting, high-hardness material machining.
IV. Selection Decision Guide
Core Selection Logic: Match "Material Characteristics - Working Conditions - Cost Budget," prioritizing the core requirements to determine the saw tooth type, then optimizing detailed parameters.
1.Selection by Processed Material
Processing wet, frozen, hardwood, or wood containing metallic impurities: Select Stellite saw tips, whose toughness and corrosion resistance prevent tooth chipping and passivation.
Processing conventional solid wood, engineered wood, metal, stone, and other pure materials: Select carbide saw tips, balancing high hardness and cost-effectiveness.
Processing titanium alloys, graphite, composite materials, and other special materials: Prioritize Stellite saw tips; if the material has extremely high hardness and no impact, a high-hardness carbide model can be selected.
2.Selection by Working Conditions
High temperature, continuous cutting, or corrosive environments: Stellite saw tips can maintain stable cutting performance and are not easily softened or corroded.
Intermittent cutting, high-speed cutting, or automated production lines: carbide saw tips are more efficient, but if there is an impact risk, a vibration damping design is required.
3.Selection Based on Cost and Maintenance:For small equipment or manual operation: carbide saw tips are easy to replace and have low maintenance costs; for heavy equipment operating continuously, Stellite saw tips can be used to reduce downtime.
For Sufficient Budget, Long Lifespan, and Low Replacement Frequency:While Stellite saw tips have a higher initial cost, they can be reground and reused, resulting in a superior long-term overall cost.
For Mass Production, Regular Operating Conditions, or Limited Budget:carbide saw tips offer better cost-effectiveness and a wider range of models to suit different machining precision requirements.
For Lack of Professional Regrinding Equipment:Prioritize carbide saw tips to avoid resource waste caused by the inconvenience of Stellite saw tooth regrinding.
4. Optimization of Detailed Parameters:
For carbide saw tips: Select the YG8-YG15 series (higher cobalt content results in better toughness) for wood processing; use coarse teeth for fast cutting of soft materials and fine teeth for hard/precision machining; select the corresponding dedicated grade for metal processing and use with coolant. 
Stellite saw tips: Select the appropriate model based on the temperature conditions (e.g., Stellite 12 is suitable for regular hardwoods, Stellite 1 is suitable for ultra-high hardness materials) to ensure a firm weld between the saw teeth and the blade body.
Our company is among China’s top tungsten carbide saw tips manufacturers and Stellite saw tips suppliers. Should you require cemented carbide products, please contact us.

### Tungsten carbide surface coating treatment process
Tungsten carbide surface coating treatment process
Tungsten carbide is a compound composed of tungsten and carbon with a molecular formula of WC and a molecular weight of 195.85. It possesses excellent properties such as a high melting point, high hardness, high wear resistance, and high corrosion resistance. It is widely used in tools, molds, aerospace, automotive, and other fields. Applying tungsten carbide as a coating to metal surfaces significantly improves the metal's hardness, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, and high-temperature resistance. Currently, high-end harvesters, forage harvesters, choppers, crushers, and some cutting knives worldwide use tungsten carbide coatings to extend their service life.
I. Tungsten Carbide Coating Preparation Technology:
Tungsten carbide coatings are primarily prepared using techniques such as physical vapor deposition (PVD), chemical vapor deposition (CVD), and arc ion plating.PVD involves heating a solid material under vacuum conditions, causing it to sublime into a gaseous state. The coating is then deposited onto the substrate surface to form a coating. Common PVD techniques include magnetron sputtering, electron beam evaporation, and arc ion plating. Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) involves decomposing a gaseous coating under a specific atmosphere, which then deposits it onto the surface of the material to form a coating. Common CVD techniques include chemical vapor deposition, thermal decomposition, and heating.
II. Characteristics of Tungsten Carbide Coatings: 
Tungsten carbide coatings have extremely high hardness, generally reaching HV1200 or higher. This hardness depends on several factors:
1. Tungsten carbide content: A higher tungsten carbide content in the coating generally increases the hardness.2.Spraying process: Different spraying processes affect the hardness of the coating. For example, supersonic velocity flame spraying can produce tungsten carbide coatings with higher hardness.
3. Post-treatment: Appropriate heat treatment after spraying can improve the coating's microstructure and increase its hardness.
III. Spraying Techniques for Tungsten Carbide Coatings:
1. Supersonic Velocity Flame Spraying TechnologySupersonic velocity flame spraying of tungsten carbide coatings can rapidly deposit a hard, wear-resistant coating and is considered the most promising alternative to hard chrome plating. 2. Air-Assisted Supersonic Flame Spraying Technology2. Combustion-assisted supersonic flame spraying includes two processes: supersonic oxygen flame spraying and supersonic air flame spraying. The flame temperature in this process is below 2000°C, far lower than that of conventional supersonic flame spraying. This significantly improves the coating's bonding strength while reducing or even eliminating the oxide content in the coating. Its wear resistance, corrosion resistance, and toughness are significantly superior to those of electroplated hard chromium coatings.3. Arc Spraying TechnologyArc spraying technology utilizes powder-cored wire and high-velocity arc spraying in a high-temperature oxidizing environment to produce tungsten carbide coatings. The resulting coatings exhibit excellent comprehensive mechanical properties, high bonding strength, high density, and excellent vibration resistance.4. Plasma Spraying TechnologyPlasma spraying technology offers excellent friction and wear characteristics, resulting in a dense structure and high bonding strength.5. Flame Spraying TechnologyDuring the spraying process, the powder is heated by a heat source, and more than half of it is deposited on the workpiece in a semi-molten state. Remelting is the process by which the powder coating melts on the workpiece. This coating remelting technology eliminates pores and oxide inclusions during the spraying process and creates a metallurgical bond with the metal body, significantly improving density and bonding strength, resulting in better mechanical properties for the workpiece.
IV. Tungsten Carbide Spraying Precautions:
1. Substrate Surface Pretreatment: Use mechanical methods such as steel wool, supplemented by alkaline cleaning solutions, to remove oil, rust, and other surface impurities from the workpiece. Sandblasting and electroextrusion are used to improve the mechanical bond between the coating and the substrate, achieving a surface roughness of 6.3-25. After sandblasting and rust removal, the workpiece should be sprayed promptly to prevent moisture contamination.2. Select appropriate process parameters, including the fuel-oxygen mixture ratio, to control spraying quality.3. Choose the appropriate delivery gas type, velocity, flow rate, delivery position, and angle.4. Select the appropriate tungsten carbide material, including its composition, physical properties, powder form, particle size, and wire or rod diameter.5. Choose the appropriate spraying method, including the distance between the spray gun and the workpiece, the speed of the spray gun or workpiece, the angle between the spray gun and the workpiece, and the spraying gas medium.
6. Immediately seal and heat treat the surface after spraying.
7. Safeguards should be used during spraying.
V. Price and Lifespan of Tungsten Carbide Coatings:
The price and lifespan of tungsten carbide coatings vary depending on factors such as the application, coating thickness, and preparation process. Generally, the price of common tungsten carbide coatings ranges from tens to hundreds of hours, while the lifespan depends more on factors such as the application and coating quality, ranging from hundreds to thousands of hours. In applications such as cutting tools and grinding tools, coatings are more expensive and have longer lifespans. In applications such as tractors, coatings are relatively cheaper but have shorter lifespans.VI.Maintenance of Tungsten Carbide CoatingsMaintaining and maintaining carbide coatings is crucial for extending their lifespan. The following precautions are generally recommended.1. Avoid excessive loads on the coating, which may cause surface damage such as cracking and peeling.2. Avoid contact with chemicals. Although the coating has good corrosion resistance, it should still be kept away from acids, alkalis, and other chemicals to avoid affecting the coating's stability and mechanical properties.3. Avoid high temperatures. Although the coating has good heat resistance, it should still be kept away from excessive temperatures to avoid affecting its hardness and stability.4. Regularly clean the coating surface to prevent the accumulation of dust, dirt, and other impurities that could affect its performance.5. Maintain a smooth surface to prevent mechanical damage such as scratches and abrasions that could affect its performance.
Our company is among China’s top ten tungsten carbide products manufacturers. Should you require cemented carbide products, please contact us.

### The role of cobalt and tungsten in Stellite alloy
The role of cobalt and tungsten in Stellite alloy
Stellite alloy, a representative example of cobalt-based high-temperature cemented carbide, holds an irreplaceable position in extreme operating conditions in sectors such as aerospace, energy, and chemical engineering, thanks to its exceptional combined resistance to high temperatures, wear, and impact. Cobalt (Co) and tungsten (W), the core components of this alloy system, form a "matrix support - reinforcement phase synergy" performance framework through precise compositional design and microstructural control. Their interaction and synergistic effects are key to the alloy's breakthrough performance.
I. Cobalt: The Alloy's Matrix Core and Performance Cornerstone
Cobalt, as the matrix element of Stellite alloys, typically accounts for 40% to 70% (e.g., 60% to 70% in Stellite 6K). It is a key component that determines the alloy's fundamental properties and microstructural stability, playing three key roles:
1.Building a high-temperature stable crystal structure frameworkPure cobalt transforms from a hexagonal close-packed (hcp) structure to a face-centered cubic (fcc) structure above 417°C. This structural transition can easily lead to fluctuations in material properties. In the Stellite alloy system, the cobalt matrix, through synergistic interaction with elements such as nickel, maintains a stable fcc structure from room temperature to the melting point, providing a uniform and stable microstructural foundation for the alloy. This crystal structure imparts strong atomic bonding to the cobalt matrix, enabling it to maintain structural integrity even at temperatures of 900°C, preventing material failure due to softening at high temperatures.
2.Providing Critical Toughness and Impact ResistanceThe low stacking fault energy of the cobalt matrix gives it excellent plastic deformation capabilities, effectively balancing the brittleness risk posed by the hard phases in the alloy. Experimental data shows that the impact toughness of typical Stellite alloys can reach ≥2.5%, enabling them to withstand transient impact loads (such as the intermittent cutting conditions of industrial cutting tools). This toughness supports the alloy's ability to overcome the "hard and brittle" material dilemma, ensuring it resists cracking under high stresses, creating a "buffered skeleton" for the alloy that combines strength and elasticity.3.Strengthening the Alloy's Hot Corrosion ResistanceThe melting point of cobalt sulfides (for example, the Co-Co₄S₃ eutectic is 877°C) is much higher than that of nickel sulfides (for example, the Ni-Ni₃S₂ eutectic is only 645°C), and the diffusion rate of sulfur in cobalt is significantly lower. This characteristic enables Stellite alloy to exhibit superior hot corrosion resistance compared to nickel-based alloys in corrosive environments such as sulfur-containing gas and oil production. Combined with the Cr₂O₃ oxide film formed by chromium, it provides a dual barrier against corrosive media.
II. Tungsten: The Alloy's Core Strengthening and Performance Enhancer
Tungsten, a key strengthening element in Stellite alloys, is typically added in amounts between 3% and 25%. Through a dual mechanism of solid solution strengthening and second-phase strengthening, it significantly enhances the alloy's high-temperature performance and wear resistance. Its effects can be summarized in three dimensions:
1.Achieving Efficient Solid Solution Strengthening and High-Temperature Strength EnhancementDue to its large atomic radius and high melting point (pure tungsten melts at 3422°C), tungsten atoms, when dissolved in a cobalt matrix, create strong lattice distortion, significantly increasing the matrix's recrystallization temperature and high-temperature strength. This strengthening effect enables the alloy to maintain stable mechanical properties even at extremely high temperatures. For example, Stellite 21 alloy maintains a hardness exceeding 70% of its room temperature value (HV ≥ 300) at 800°C, far exceeding that of conventional steels. Furthermore, the addition of tungsten effectively improves the alloy's creep resistance. At 850°C/100 MPa, the steady-state creep rate of a typical Stellite alloy can be less than 1×10⁻⁸/s.
2.Formation of High-Hardness Carbide Strengthening PhasesIn carbon-containing Stellite alloy systems, tungsten preferentially combines with carbon to form high-hardness carbides such as WC. These carbides have a microhardness of 1500–2200 HV and are uniformly dispersed within the cobalt matrix. These hard phases act as a "wear-resistant skeleton" within the alloy, effectively resisting abrasive and adhesive wear, resulting in an alloy with wear resistance 5–8 times that of tool steel. Research has shown that the volume fraction and morphology of carbides are crucial to wear resistance. When the carbide volume fraction reaches 25%-30%, the alloy can meet the requirements of high-stress abrasive wear scenarios.3.Optimizing the Alloy's Hot Hardness and Service LifeHot hardness (the ability to maintain hardness at high temperatures) is a core indicator of high-temperature material performance. Tungsten significantly improves the alloy's hot hardness by inhibiting the high-temperature aggregation and growth of carbides. The temperature at which carbides in Stellite alloys re-dissolve into the matrix can reach up to 1100°C, far higher than the strengthening phase in nickel-based alloys. This results in a slower decline in strength as the temperature rises. In components such as gas turbine nozzles, tungsten-containing Stellite alloys can withstand 950°C gas erosion and have a service life exceeding 40,000 hours.
III. Cobalt and Tungsten Synergy: The Core Logic of Balanced Performance
The performance advantages of Stellite alloys are not the result of the effects of a single element, but rather the synergistic effect of the cobalt-based matrix and the tungsten-based reinforcement phase. This core synergy can be summarized as a complementary mechanism of "tough matrix load-bearing - reinforcement phase synergy":
1.Balanced Control of Hardness and ToughnessThe excellent toughness of the cobalt matrix provides a reliable load-bearing foundation for the high-hardness carbides, preventing the hard phase from spalling due to lack of support under load. The tungsten carbides, on the other hand, increase the alloy's hardness to the range of HRC 40-60 without significantly sacrificing toughness. This balance enables alloys like Stellite 6K to achieve hardnesses of HRC 40-48 while maintaining an impact toughness of ≥2.5%, making them ideally suited for complex high-temperature and high-stress operating conditions.2.Dual Guarantee of High-Temperature StabilityThe face-centered cubic structural stability of the cobalt matrix and the high melting point of tungsten synergize to ensure stable performance within the 750-1100°C range. The cobalt matrix inhibits structural phase transformations at high temperatures, while tungsten delays softening through solid solution strengthening and carbide stabilization. Together, these two elements enable the alloy to maintain superior hot corrosion resistance to nickel-based alloys at temperatures above 1000°C.3.Combined Wear and Corrosion ResistanceThe high hardness of tungsten-based carbides complements the corrosion resistance of the cobalt matrix, allowing the alloy to withstand both wear and corrosion. In the downhole environment of oil drilling, this synergistic effect enables drill bit bearings made of Stellite alloy to resist both abrasive wear from rock particles and corrosion from sulfur-containing media, extending their service life by 5-10 times compared to traditional materials. 
IV. Core Application Scenarios: Industrial Demonstration of Performance Advantages
The synergistic effect of cobalt and tungsten endows Stellite alloy with comprehensive properties, making it irreplaceable in extreme operating conditions:Aerospace: Cobalt-tungsten-containing Stellite 6B alloy, used in turbine blade seals, can withstand 1000°C high-temperature airflow erosion. Engine combustion chamber liners using this alloy can withstand over 800 thermal shock cycles (ΔT = 1000°C → 25°C).Energy Extraction: Oil drilling valve sealing surfaces made of Stellite 6K alloy exhibit a corrosion rate of less than 0.03mm/year in media containing 5% H₂S, while also resisting abrasive wear in drilling fluids.Chemical Equipment: In sulfuric acid reactors, Stellite alloy valve sealing surfaces can withstand corrosion in 98% concentrated sulfuric acid with a leakage rate of less than 1ppm/year. This performance stems from the synergistic effect of the corrosion-resistant cobalt matrix and the wear-resistant tungsten reinforcement phase. ConclusionCobalt and tungsten form a precise functional complementarity and synergistic performance in Stellite alloys: Cobalt, as the matrix, creates a stable structural framework and foundation for toughness, like the alloy's "skeleton and veins"; tungsten, through solid solution and carbide strengthening, achieves breakthroughs in high-temperature performance and wear resistance, like the alloy's "armor and bones." This synergistic effect overcomes the material's inherent performance constraints of "hardness-toughness" and "high-temperature-corrosion resistance," making Stellite a key material for extreme operating conditions. With the advancement of metallurgical technology, through optimized cobalt-tungsten ratios and microstructures, the performance boundaries of Stellite alloys continue to expand, providing core material support for advancements in high-end manufacturing.

### Carbide Saw Blade Maintain and Use
Carbide Saw Blade Maintain and Use
1.Proper installation is crucial.
Before installation, carefully clean the cemented carbide saw blade and the mounting area of the equipment to ensure they are free of debris and dust. For example, when installing on a table saw, clean the saw shaft to ensure it is free of rust and other foreign matter. Ensure the saw blade is oriented correctly during installation. The saw blade will typically have an arrow marked on it; the arrow should align with the direction of rotation during cutting. Installing the saw blade in the wrong direction will not only result in poor cutting results, but may also damage the blade and even cause danger.
2.Inspect the saw blade before use.
Check the blade for any damage, such as chipping or cracks in the teeth. If any chipping is detected, even minor, replace the blade or repair the chip immediately. Continued use of a defective saw blade will compromise cut quality, resulting in uneven edges, which may worsen as the cut progresses.
3.Choose appropriate cutting parameters.
Adjust the cutting speed and feed rate based on the material and thickness of the material being cut. For harder materials, such as stainless steel, the sawing speed should be slower and the feed rate should be lower, approximately 200-300 mm per minute. For softer woods, the sawing speed can be increased to a feed rate of 500-800 mm per minute. Improper parameter selection, such as excessive sawing speed, can cause the saw blade to overheat and increase wear; excessive feed rate can put excessive pressure on the saw blade, causing damage to the teeth.
4.Keep the saw blade clean.
During the sawing process, the saw blade will pick up impurities such as sawdust and debris. Regularly cleaning these impurities will ensure the saw blade's cutting performance. Use a dedicated cleaning tool, such as a soft-bristle brush, to gently brush away impurities on the saw blade surface after the saw stops. If the saw blade becomes stained with oil, it can be cleaned with an appropriate amount of detergent, but be careful not to use highly corrosive detergents to avoid damaging the saw blade.
5.Pay attention to the sawing environment.
Keep the sawing environment dry and clean. Avoid using saw blades in humid environments, as this can easily cause rust. Also, keep the work area clean and free of debris that could obstruct the saw blade's operation. For example, when working outdoors, debris such as branches and rocks could strike the saw blade during operation, causing damage.
6.Lubricate the saw blade regularly.
To reduce friction and wear during sawing, use a dedicated lubricant. Generally, apply a suitable amount of lubricant to the teeth and surface of the saw blade after a certain amount of sawing time or after cutting a certain amount of material. For example, lubricate after every 100-150 cuts. The lubricant forms a protective film between the saw blade and the material, reducing friction and extending the life of the saw blade.
7.Avoid overloading the saw blade.
Never operate beyond the specified cutting capacity of the saw blade. For example, if the maximum cutting thickness of a saw blade is 50 mm, never cut materials thicker than this. Overloading the saw blade can put extreme pressure on it, causing deformation, tooth damage, and even accidents.
8.Store saw blades properly.
When not in use, store them in a dry, well-ventilated area. Ideally, use a dedicated saw blade storage rack and store them vertically to prevent them from being squeezed or colliding with each other. Stacking saw blades carelessly can damage the teeth. Place a soft mat on the saw blade storage rack to provide cushioning and protection.
9.Check the tension of the saw blade regularly.
The tension of a saw blade may change over time. Uneven tension can affect the accuracy and quality of the sawing. Use a professional tension tester to check the tension of the saw blade. If the tension is not as required, adjust it promptly. Generally, tension checks should be performed approximately every month.
10.Sharpen the saw blade.
When the teeth of a saw blade are worn to a certain extent, sharpen them promptly. Sharpening restores the sharpness of the teeth and improves cutting performance. You can take your saw blade to a professional sharpening shop or perform it yourself using specialized sharpening equipment. For example, consider sharpening a saw blade after 200-300 hours of use.
11.Protect the saw blade from severe impact.
Handle the saw blade carefully during transportation and installation to avoid dropping or impacting it. For example, handle the saw blade gently when removing it from the packaging box. During installation, operate the saw blade steadily to prevent it from colliding with other hard objects. Severe impacts on the saw blade can cause internal cracks, affecting its performance.
12.Keep records of saw blade usage.
Record the blade's usage time, the type and amount of material cut, and any problems encountered. This record allows you to understand the blade's usage and determine whether it needs maintenance, sharpening, or replacement. For example, if the records show that the blade wears significantly faster after cutting a certain material, you can make appropriate preparations and adjustments the next time you cut a similar material.
Our company is a professional tungsten carbide disc blanks manufacturer. Should you require cemented carbide products, please contact us(info@wolframcarbide.com).

### YG6 carbide
YG6 carbide
I. Definition and classification of YG6 carbide
YG6 carbide is a tungsten-cobalt cemented carbide, one of the standard Chinese cemented carbide grades and a relatively common one. It is made from tungsten carbide (WC) and cobalt (Co) through a powder metallurgy process, with a typical composition of 94% WC and 6% Co. Its density is approximately 14.6-15.0 g/cm³, and its hardness reaches 89.5-92 HRA. Its grain size is typically controlled within the range of 0.8-1.2 μm, placing it in the medium-grained alloy category. It combines high strength with moderate toughness, offering high wear resistance, flexural strength (≥145 MPa), and high-temperature stability.
II. Physical and Mechanical Properties
1.Basic Physical Parameters
Density: 14.6-15.0 g/cm³, significantly higher than that of ordinary steel (7.85 g/cm³). This high density ensures stability during high-speed cutting. Melting point: approximately 2870°C (WC phase). Cobalt's melting point is 1495°C, but the alloy maintains structural integrity at 1280°C.
Coefficient of thermal expansion: 4.9×10⁻⁶/°C. This low thermal expansion effectively reduces dimensional deformation in high-temperature environments.
2.Mechanical Properties
Performance ParametersValue RangeTest StandardHardness (HRA)89.5-92GB/T 7997-2014Flexural Strength≥145MPaISO 3327:2009Impact Toughness2.6J/cmASTM B406-22Compressive Strength4600MPaGB/T 1041-2008
Experimental data shows that YG6 maintains stable hardness and strength below 800°C, with a performance degradation rate of less than 15% between 800°C and 1000°C, making it suitable for high-temperature applications such as metal cuttings, chemical pump bushings, and oil drilling tools.
III. Chemical Composition and Preparation Process
1.Component SystemTungsten Carbide (WC): 94% forms a hard skeleton, providing wear resistance and high-temperature stability.Cobalt (Co): 6% acts as a binder to enhance toughness. Every 1% increase in Co content increases flexural strength by approximately 80 MPa.Minor Additives: Some products contain ≤0.5% tantalum carbide (TaC) or niobium carbide (NbC) to inhibit grain growth and improve thermal fatigue resistance.2.Preparation ProcessIngredients: Mix powders in a ratio of 94% WC and 6% Co.Wet Milling: Add alcohol and a forming agent to a ball mill at a ball-to-bearing ratio of 8:1. Grind for 48 hours to a particle size of D50 = 1.2μm. Drying and Granulation: Dehydration is performed at 120°C in a spray dryer to form flowable granules.Pressing: Pressing is performed under a pressure of 100 MPa into the desired shape.Vacuum Sintering: Heating at 1420°C for 2 hours allows liquid cobalt to promote particle bonding, resulting in a density of 99% of the theoretical value after cooling.
IV. Typical Applications
1.Cutting ToolsTool Manufacturing: Used for machining difficult-to-cut materials such as hardened steel (HRC 45-55) and stainless steel, with tool life increased by 5-8 times compared to high-speed steel.Geological Drill Bits: When drilling rock formations, YG6 drill bits offer 30% higher penetration efficiency than ordinary steel drill bits and exhibit excellent wear resistance.
2.Mold ManufacturingCold Stamping Dies: Suitable for drawing steel/non-ferrous metal wire with a diameter of <20 mm, with a die life of over 100,000 cycles.Precision Pressing Dies: Used for forming bearing rollers, with a surface roughness Ra ≤ 0.4 μm and a dimensional accuracy of ±0.005 mm.
 3. Wear-Resistant PartsPetroleum Industry: YG6 coating extends the corrosion life of pump rod couplings by 2-3 years.Aerospace: The coating on engine turbine blades exhibits superior oxidation resistance compared to nickel-based alloys at 1000°C.
V. Technical Advantages and Limitations
1.Core AdvantagesOutstanding Wear Resistance: Under dry cutting conditions, YG6 tool flank wear is only 0.02mm/1000m, surpassing YG8 (0.035mm/1000m).High-Temperature Stability: Hardness retention is ≥90% at 800°C, making it suitable for high-speed cutting and dry machining.Corrosion Resistance: Rust-free for 72 hours in a 5% NaCl salt spray environment, making it suitable for marine engineering applications.2.LimitationsHigh Brittleness: The impact toughness (2.6J/cm²) is lower than that of ordinary steel (30-50J/cm²), requiring the avoidance of shock loads.High Processing Cost: Fluctuations in the price of cobalt, a raw material, directly impact costs, and precision machining requires specialized equipment. ConclusionYG6 tungsten carbide achieves a balance of hardness, toughness, and heat resistance through optimized WC-Co ratio and grain control. Its widespread application in cutting tools, mold manufacturing, and wear-resistant parts demonstrates its core value as the "tooth of industry." In the future, with breakthroughs in ultrafine grain technology (grain size <0.5μm), the YG6 series of materials will play an even greater role in high-end fields such as aerospace and new energy equipment.
Our company is among China’s top ten tungsten carbide products manufacturers. Should you require cemented carbide products, please contact us(info@wolframcarbide.com).

### What are the differences between PVD VS CVD from 12 perspectives?
What are the differences between PVD VS CVD from 12 perspectives
PVD VS CVD. Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) and Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) are both surface treatment technologies widely used in industrial applications. The core differences between the two technologies lie in their reaction principles, process conditions, coating properties, and other aspects.
1.In terms of reaction mechanisms:
Physical Vapor Deposition  (PVD) relies on physical processes to achieve material transfer. Metals or compounds are heated to evaporation in a vacuum environment or dislodged from the source material via ion bombardment, depositing onto the substrate surface in atomic or molecular form. No chemical reactions occur during the entire process, as material transfer depends purely on kinetic energy. Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) requires the participation of gaseous precursors, where gaseous substances undergo chemical reactions on the substrate surface, forming solid deposits and releasing by-product gases.
2.A comparison of process conditions reveals significant differences:
PVD typically operates at lower temperatures, with most processes controlled within the range of 200–500°C, making it more suitable for substrates that are sensitive to high temperatures. The vacuum level is maintained between 10^-2 to 10^-4 Pa, requiring a stable low-pressure environment during equipment operation. CVD demands high temperatures to activate reactions, with conventional process temperatures ranging from 600–1200°C, and some specialized processes even exceeding 2000°C. This imposes higher requirements on the heat resistance of the substrate materials. The pressure environment varies depending on the specific process, including atmospheric pressure, low pressure, plasma-assisted, and other types.
3.Coating characteristics also differ significantly:
PVD produces relatively thin layers, generally within a few micrometers, with strong adhesion to the substrate and a relatively dense surface. However, due to the line-of-sight limitations of the deposition process, achieving uniform coverage on complex structural components can be challenging. CVD can generate coatings with thicknesses of up to several hundred micrometers. The deposition process offers excellent step coverage capability, enabling uniform coating of complex three-dimensional structures. However, the layers may contain more internal porosity.
4.Application areas demonstrate a complementary relationship：
PVD is commonly used for tool coatings, such as titanium nitride or diamond-like carbon (DLC) films on cutting tool surfaces, significantly enhancing wear resistance. Watch cases and jewelry decorative coatings often employ magnetron sputtering processes, which preserve substrate properties while providing an aesthetically pleasing finish. CVD plays a critical role in the semiconductor industry, where it is used for depositing dielectric layers and metal interconnect layers in wafer fabrication. Composite coatings of titanium carbide and titanium nitride on cemented carbide tool surfaces, achieved through CVD, offer superior overall performance.
5.Environmental impact and cost control are important considerations:
PVD does not involve toxic gas emissions, and waste treatment is relatively straightforward. However, high-vacuum equipment consumes significant energy. CVD may generate exhaust gases containing fluorine or chlorine, necessitating tail gas treatment systems. Some precursor gases are corrosive or toxic, requiring special handling during storage and transportation. In terms of equipment investment, a CVD system of equivalent specifications typically costs 2–3 times more than a PVD system, with higher maintenance costs as well.
6.The selection of specific process parameters influences technology application:
In PVD, the target utilization rate in magnetron sputtering processes can exceed 70%, while the ionization rate in arc evaporation processes can surpass 90%. Different processes involve trade-offs between deposition rates and coating quality. CVD parameter adjustment is more complex, with gas flow ratios, temperature gradients, and pressure fluctuations significantly affecting deposit composition. For example, when depositing silicon carbide, the molar ratio of methane to methyltrichlorosilane must be precisely controlled between 1:3 and 1:5.
7.Material compatibility determines the direction of technology selection:
Low-melting-point metal substrates such as aluminum and magnesium alloys are more suitable for PVD, avoiding substrate deformation or performance degradation. Ceramic substrates like silicon carbide and aluminum nitride can withstand high-temperature environments during CVD, facilitating the attainment of desired crystal structures. Some special scenarios employ hybrid processes, such as using CVD to prepare a base coating followed by PVD to add functional layers. This combined approach is applied in protective coatings for aero-engine blades.
8.Quality control priorities differ fundamentally:
For PVD, key monitoring aspects include target purity, vacuum stability, and substrate cleanliness, as any minor contamination can lead to coating defects. For CVD, quality control focuses on reaction gas purity, temperature field uniformity, and residence time control. Even water-oxygen impurities at the 0.1 ppm level in gas pipelines can cause abnormal coating growth.
9.Technology development trends show convergence:
New plasma-enhanced CVD equipment incorporates physical bombardment mechanisms, improving coating density while retaining the advantages of chemical reactions. Reactive sputtering technology developed in the PVD field introduces trace reactive gases to achieve compound synthesis during physical deposition. Such hybrid processes are expanding the application boundaries of both traditional technologies.
10.Practical operational considerations are distinctly different:
PVD operators need to guard against the risk of metal dust inhalation and regularly check the status of vacuum pump oil. CVD workshops must be equipped with gas leak detection systems, and operators need to wear protective masks when handling residual gases. Maintenance cycles for the two technologies also vary significantly. PVD equipment requires monthly target replacement and chamber cleaning, while CVD reaction chambers need comprehensive inspections of gas distribution systems and heating elements every six months.
11.Process validation methods reflect technological characteristics:
PVD coatings are often evaluated for adhesion strength using scratch tests and for wear resistance using ball mill testers. CVD coatings are more frequently analyzed for crystal structure via X-ray diffraction and for protective effectiveness through corrosion tests. For semiconductor coatings, CVD-prepared layers require secondary ion mass spectrometry to verify whether impurity levels meet standards.
12.The selection decision tree can be simplified to three dimensions:
Substrate heat resistance determines the upper limit of process temperature, part geometric complexity influences coverage method selection, and coating functional requirements dictate chemical composition control precision. When dealing with heat-resistant substrates requiring uniform coating on complex shapes, CVD is the preferred solution. For thermally sensitive substrates demanding ultra-high adhesion strength, PVD is more feasible.
Our company is among China’s top ten tungsten carbide products manufacturers. Should you require cemented carbide products, please contact us.

### Is tungsten carbide stronger than steel ？
Is tungsten carbide stronger than steel ？
Is tungsten carbide stronger than steel? The answer is yes. Tungsten carbide is significantly stronger than all types of steel. The hardness of tungsten carbide is usually 2 to 3 times that of high-quality alloy steel, and can even reach 4 times or more under certain measurement standards. As a professional tungsten carbide product manufacturer, I will compare the hardness and usage scenarios of tungsten carbide and steel by comparing their industrial applications. First, we can explain in detail from several aspects:
1. Direct Hardness Comparison:
Tungsten carbide (WC): Its hardness is typically between 8.5 and 9 on the Mohs scale, and its Vickers hardness (HV) can reach 1800HV or even higher.
Steel: Steel has a wide range of hardness, depending on its type and heat treatment.
Ordinary structural steel: Its hardness is very low, with a Vickers hardness of approximately 150-250 HV.
Hardened tool steel/die steel: This is the highest hardness level steel can achieve, with a Rockwell hardness (HRC) of approximately 60-68. Converted to a Vickers hardness of approximately 700-900 HV. High-Speed ​​Steel (HSS): A high-performance tool steel with a hardness of 64-68 HRC (approximately 850-900 HV).
Conclusion: Even the hardest steel (~900 HV) is only about half as hard as tungsten carbide (~1800 HV). Tungsten carbide is two to three times harder than hardened high-carbon steel. Please see the bar chart below:
2. Why is tungsten carbide so hard?
This begins with its microstructure:
Steel: Primarily composed of iron (Fe), with carbon (C) and other alloying elements (such as chromium, molybdenum, and vanadium). Its high hardness comes primarily from the martensite structure formed after heat treatment (quenching). This is a metastable structure in which carbon atoms are supersaturated in the iron lattice, causing the lattice to distort, resulting in extremely hardness but also greater brittleness.
Tungsten Carbide: It is a cermet material composed of tungsten (W) and carbon (C) atoms bound together by extremely strong covalent bonds. The strength of these atomic bonds makes its crystal structure extremely stable and hard. The "tungsten carbide" products we commonly use (such as knives and drill bits) are actually a cemented carbide formed by sintering tungsten carbide particles (which provide hardness) with a metallic cobalt (Co) binder (which provides toughness). Even with the addition of cobalt, its overall hardness remains far greater than that of steel.
3. The Price of Hardness: Toughness (Brittleness):
Although tungsten carbide is extremely hard, it has a significant disadvantage: it is brittle and has poor toughness.
Steel: It has excellent toughness and can withstand bending, impact, and deformation without breaking. You can bend a good steel knife significantly and it will still bounce back.
Tungsten carbide: It is very brittle and tends to chip and shatter rather than bend when subjected to sharp impact or improper pressure. If you hit a tungsten carbide drill bit, it might chip.
It's like comparing glass and plastic: glass (like tungsten carbide) is very hard and wear-resistant, but it shatters easily if dropped; plastic (like steel) is softer and easily scratched, but it's difficult to break. Summary and Comparison Table
PropertyTungsten Carbide (Hardmetal)High-Strength Steel (e.g., Tool Steel)HardnessExtremely High (1800+ HV)High (700-900 HV)ToughnessLow (Brittle, prone to chipping)High (Impact resistant, bendable)Wear ResistanceExcellentGoodCompressive StrengthExtremely HighHighDensityVery High (~15.63 g/cm³)High (~7.85 g/cm³)Primary ApplicationsCutting tools, drill bits, molds, wear-resistant partsBlades, springs, gears, structural components, tools
Application Scenarios:
Choose tungsten carbide: When you require extremely high hardness, wear resistance, and durability, especially when machining other hard materials (such as steel, cast iron, or composite materials). Examples include:
Lathe tools for machine tools, milling inserts, drilling bits for mining, watch cases, luxury pen nibs (wear-resistant, non-fading), nail drill bits, and dental drill bits.
Choose steel: When you require a combination of properties—toughness, impact resistance, and machinability—while maintaining a certain level of hardness. Examples include:
Hammers, crowbars, springs, kitchen knives, swords, axes, automobile frames, bearings, gears, gear shafts, and equipment frameworks.
Tungsten carbide can replace steel in the following situations, thereby increasing workpiece life, reducing production costs, and improving productivity.
1. Metal Cutting Tools: Lathe tools, milling cutters, and drill bits
Replaced Steel Products: High-Speed ​​Steel (HSS) tools. Specific Example:
When machining steel, cast iron, stainless steel, or even harder nickel-based alloys on CNC machining centers, high-speed steel drills or milling cutters can wear out and become dull after just a few dozen parts.
Alternative Solution: Replace the cutting edge of the tool with tungsten carbide inserts (indexable inserts) or use solid carbide drills/end mills.
Advantages:
Cutting Speed: Carbide allows for cutting speeds 4-8 times higher than high-speed steel, significantly improving production efficiency.
Lifespan: Tool life is extended by dozens or even hundreds of times, reducing tool changes and downtime.
Processing Quality: Dimensional accuracy and surface finish are better maintained.
2. Wire Drawing Dies
Replaced Steel Product: Tool Steel Dies.
Specific Example:
When producing copper, steel, and aluminum alloy wire, the wire is forcibly drawn through a hole called a "drawing die" to reduce its thickness. This process causes extreme wear and tear on the die's inner bore.
Alternative Solution: Use carbide drawing dies. The die bore is typically made of polycrystalline diamond (PCD), but the die base is almost entirely carbide.
Advantages:
Wear Resistance: Hundreds of times longer lifespan than steel dies, ensuring dimensional stability and surface quality of the drawn wire.
Efficiency: Able to withstand higher drawing speeds and greater surface reduction.
3. Wear-Resistant Parts and Seals
Replaced Steel Products: Wear-resistant parts made of hardened steel and stainless steel.
Specific Example:
Mechanical seals in sand pumps: Used to pump liquids containing solid particles (such as sand, gravel, and slurry). These granular media can cause severe erosion and wear on the sealing surfaces. Steel seals have a very short lifespan.
Alternative: Use tungsten carbide (typically YG) for dynamic and static seals.
Advantages: Its extremely high wear resistance ensures long lifespan and sealing reliability under harsh operating conditions, significantly reducing maintenance costs and downtime.
4. Rollers
Replaced Steel Products: High-strength alloy steel rolls in cold rolling mills. Specific Example:
In the finishing train (pre-finishing and finishing stands) of a high-speed wire rod mill, the rolls are required to operate continuously under high stress and high temperature, resulting in rapid wear.
Alternative Solution: Use carbide rolls (typically tungsten carbide-based).
Advantages:
Wear Resistance: Longer-lasting life than steel rolls, reducing roll changes and improving mill availability.
Product Precision: Long-term maintenance of groove dimensions ensures high dimensional accuracy and consistent surface quality of the wire rod.
5. Mining Tools: Rock Drill Bits
Replaced Steel Products: Carburized steel or alloy steel drill bits.
Specific Example:
In oil and gas drilling and mining, drill bits used for percussive drilling (such as slotted and cross drill bits) directly collide and rub against hard rock.
Alternative Solution: Modern rock drill bits feature carbide teeth embedded in the cutting edge (typically YG type, which offers excellent impact resistance). Advantages:
Its hardness and wear resistance allow it to easily crush rock, while steel drill bits would quickly wear out and fail. This is one of the most successful and widespread examples of cemented carbide replacing steel.
Key Summary and Limitations:
Cemented carbide is not a panacea; its replacement is conditional:
Advantages: High hardness (HRA 82-94), good wear resistance, and high compressive strength.
Disadvantages: Brittleness, low bending strength, poor toughness, and high price.
Therefore, it cannot replace steel structures that must withstand significant impact, bending stress, or require overall toughness, such as automobile frames, machine bodies, and chassis.
Steel structures in bridges, springs, wrenches, and other tools.
The replacement of cemented carbide is essentially a trade-off of wear resistance for toughness. In areas where wear resistance is paramount, it perfectly replaces steel, bringing revolutionary progress.
In summary, tungsten carbide undeniably surpasses all steels in pure hardness. However, it is not without flaws; its brittleness limits its use in many applications requiring impact resistance. The two are important industrial materials with complementary properties.
Our company is among China’s top ten tungsten carbide products manufacturers. Should you require cemented carbide products, please contact us.

### Tungsten alloy properties
Tungsten alloy properties
1.Density
Tungsten has a high density of up to 19.3 g/cm³, which consequently imparts high-density characteristics to tungsten alloys. Their densities typically range from 16.5 to 19.0 g/cm³. For instance, common tungsten-nickel-iron alloys generally have a density between 17.0 and 18.5 g/cm³, while the density of tungsten-copper alloys varies between 16.5 and 18.0 g/cm³ depending on the copper content. Tungsten-cobalt alloys (tungsten carbide) usually exhibit densities in the range of 14.0–15.0 g/cm³. If you wan to know tungsten carbide properties please click here.
2.Tensile Strength
As-sintered state: The tensile strength of tungsten alloys produced via powder metallurgy sintering typically falls within the range of 600–1000 MPa. In this state, the alloy's microstructure is relatively porous, containing certain voids, which limits its strength.
Worked and strengthened state: After strengthening treatments such as forging or rolling, the tensile strength of tungsten alloys can be significantly enhanced, reaching values between 1300–2000 MPa or even higher. This improvement is attributed to grain refinement, a more densified microstructure, and an increase in crystal defects (e.g., dislocations) caused by the working process. These factors impede slip deformation under load, thereby increasing tensile strength. For example, the tensile strength of high-performance tungsten alloys subjected to specialized rolling processes can exceed 2000 MPa.
3.Yield Strength
As-sintered state: The yield strength of as-sintered tungsten alloys is usually between 400–800 MPa. The presence of internal pores and relatively weak grain boundary bonding means plastic deformation can initiate at relatively low stress levels.
4.Elongation
As-sintered state: The elongation of as-sintered tungsten alloys is generally between 10%–30%. The insufficiently dense internal structure of the sintered body, containing certain defects, makes it prone to crack propagation during tensile loading, leading to earlier fracture and thus relatively lower elongation.
Worked and heat-treated state: Appropriate processing and heat treatment techniques, such as hot extrusion or annealing, can improve the alloy's microstructure, eliminate some internal defects, and enhance the material's plasticity and toughness. This results in improved elongation, with some tungsten alloys achieving an elongation of 30%–50%. For example, tungsten alloys undergoing carefully designed hot working and annealing treatments can reach an elongation of around 40%.
5.Hardness
Brinell Hardness (HB)
As-sintered state: The Brinell hardness of as-sintered tungsten alloys typically ranges from 200–350 HB. The limited degree of densification in this state results in a relatively lower hardness.
Strengthened state: After strengthening treatments (e.g., adding hard phases, work hardening), the alloy's hardness increases significantly, with Brinell hardness values reaching 400–600 HB or higher. For instance, the Brinell hardness of tungsten alloys incorporating high-hardness carbide particles can exceed 600 HB after special processing.
Rockwell Hardness (HRC): The Rockwell hardness of tungsten alloys generally falls within the range of 30–50 HRC. The specific value varies depending on the alloy composition and processing technology. By adjusting alloying elements and heat treatment processes, the Rockwell hardness can be controlled within a suitable range to meet different application requirements.
6.Elastic Modulus
The elastic modulus of tungsten alloys typically lies between 300–400 GPa. This high value indicates a strong resistance to elastic deformation, allowing the alloy to maintain excellent dimensional stability under load. For example, in aerospace components made from tungsten alloys, the high elastic modulus ensures the maintenance of precise dimensions and shapes under complex loading conditions, guaranteeing the proper operation of equipment.
7.Impact Toughness
Impact toughness is a mechanical property that measures a material's ability to absorb energy and resist fracture under high-velocity impact or dynamic loading. It is particularly important for evaluating the brittle tendency of materials. For tungsten alloys, this is a critical yet challenging parameter due to the inherent brittleness of metallic tungsten itself.
Typical Values and Range:
The impact toughness of tungsten alloys is typically measured using the Charpy V-notch impact test, and values generally fluctuate within a wide range of 20 to 150 Joules. The specific value is highly dependent on the following core factors:
Alloy Composition and Microstructure:
Content and Type of Binder Phase: This is the most significant influencing factor. Tungsten alloys usually consist of high-melting-point tungsten particles (brittle phase) and a ductile metal binder phase (e.g., Ni, Fe, Cu, Co).
High Binder Phase Content (e.g., >10%): A higher content of ductile phases like nickel-iron better encapsulates the tungsten particles, absorbing more impact energy through plastic deformation, thereby significantly improving toughness. For instance, the impact energy of a 93W-Ni-Fe alloy is typically much higher than that of a 97W-Ni-Fe alloy.
Type of Binder Phase: Nickel-iron binder phases generally provide better toughness and impact performance than cobalt or copper binder phases.
Morphology and Connectivity of Tungsten Particles: The ideal microstructure features uniformly distributed spherical tungsten particles surrounded by a continuous network of the binder phase. If tungsten particles contact each other directly, forming "tungsten-tungsten grain boundaries," these weak interfaces become easy paths for crack propagation, drastically reducing impact toughness.
Processing and Heat Treatment State:
As-Sintered State: Tungsten alloys in the as-sintered state typically possess moderate toughness. Their impact toughness is primarily influenced by density and microstructural homogeneity. Residual pores significantly reduce toughness.
Thermomechanically Processed State (Forging, Rolling, Extrusion): These thermomechanical processing techniques can drastically improve impact toughness. They achieve this by:
Fracturing the initial tungsten-tungsten grain boundaries: Breaking up the brittle network of interconnected tungsten grains.
Refining the grain structure: Resulting in finer tungsten particles and binder phase.
Increasing dislocation density: Enhancing strength, which indirectly influences toughness.
Alloys subjected to proper thermomechanical processing can see their impact energy increase multiple times compared to the as-sintered state, reaching the higher end of the range (e.g., over 100 J).
Heat-Treated State: Subsequent treatments like solution treatment or aging can optimize the composition and distribution of the binder phase and relieve processing stresses. This further enhances toughness or achieves an optimal balance between strength and toughness.
Example:
A typical as-sintered 90W-7Ni-3Fe alloy might have a Charpy V-notch impact energy of around 30-50 J.
The impact energy of an alloy of the same composition can be dramatically increased to 100 J or higher after undergoing Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP) to eliminate residual porosity, followed by forging and appropriate annealing.
Our company is among China’s top ten tungsten carbide products manufacturers. Should you require cemented carbide products, please contact us.

### Carbide Hardness Characteristics and Industrial Applications
Carbide Hardness Characteristics And Industrial Applications
Carbides, as a class of critical engineering materials, are extensively and crucially utilized in numerous fields such as industrial manufacturing, aerospace, and electronic devices due to their exceptional hardness, wear resistance, and high-temperature stability. This article provides a systematic analysis of the hardness characteristics, typical products, and application areas of five major carbides (tungsten carbide, titanium carbide, silicon carbide, vanadium carbide, and chromium carbide), aiming to offer valuable reference for material selection and engineering design.
Characteristics and Applications of Tungsten Carbide (WC)
Tungsten carbide is one of the hardest known carbides, with a Vickers hardness ranging from 2200 to 2400 HV and a Mohs hardness equivalent of 9 to 9.5. This extreme hardness originates from the strong covalent bonds formed between tungsten and carbon atoms within its hexagonal close-packed crystal structure. This structural characteristic enables tungsten carbide to resist deformation and wear effectively under external forces.
In terms of applications, tungsten carbide performs outstandingly. In the cutting tool sector, as the primary component of cemented carbides, it is widely used to manufacture high-precision cutting tools such as turning tools tungsten carbide inserts, milling cutters, and tungsten carbide drill bits. These tools can effortlessly handle the machining of various metal materials, ensuring processing accuracy and efficiency. For wear-resistant components, it is commonly employed in producing liner plates for mining machinery and petroleum drilling tools, significantly extending the service life of such equipment. In the electronics sector, nano-tungsten carbide powder is used in cemented carbide production, wear-resistant coatings, and high-temperature component manufacturing, expanding its applications in high-tech fields.
Representative products are diverse, including tungsten steel plates sized 150×150×3 mm, suitable for manufacturing various wear-resistant structural components; YG10X cemented carbide nails and other cutting tools that play vital roles in metal machining; and cast tungsten carbide welding rods, primarily used for hardfacing petroleum drilling tools to enhance their wear resistance.
Hardness Characteristics and Industrial Value of Titanium Carbide (TiC)
Titanium carbide demonstrates exceptional hardness properties, with a Vickers hardness of 2800–3000 HV (equivalent to 27–30 GPa) and a Mohs hardness of 9–10. This high hardness, combined with good chemical stability, makes it an indispensable engineering material in the industrial sector.
Titanium carbide finds broad application directions. In cutting tools, as an additive in WC-Co cemented carbides, it enhances the tool's impact resistance and service life, making it more durable in complex cutting environments. In electronic materials, MXene materials (Ti₃C₂Tₓ), derived from titanium carbide, are used in nano-adsorption, biosensors, and energy storage devices, injecting new vitality into the electronics industry. For wear-resistant coatings, it is applied in surface treatments of mechanical parts, significantly improving their wear and corrosion resistance and reducing component degradation.
Typical industrial products include 50 nm titanium carbide powder with 99.9% purity, providing high-quality raw materials for advanced material preparation; titanium carbide particle reinforcements used in aerospace engine turbine disks, enhancing their high-temperature strength and wear resistance; and high-purity titanium carbide coating materials, ensuring coating quality and performance.
Unique Properties and Application Prospects of Silicon Carbide (SiC)
Silicon carbide is renowned for its ultra-high hardness and excellent thermal stability, with a Vickers hardness range of 2500–3000 HV and a Mohs hardness of 9.0–9.5. Both its hexagonal crystal structure (α-SiC) and cubic crystal structure (β-SiC) exhibit outstanding mechanical properties, maintaining good hardness and stability under both room temperature and high-temperature conditions.
In core application areas, silicon carbide also performs impressively. In semiconductor devices, it is used to manufacture high-performance SiC-based power devices (e.g., MOSFETs, diodes), widely applied in electric vehicles and power grids to improve energy conversion efficiency and device reliability. For high-temperature structural materials, it is commonly used in aerospace engine components and nuclear reactor structures, capable of withstanding extreme temperatures and complex operating conditions. In abrasives and grinding tools, it serves as an emery material for machining metals and ceramics, offering excellent grinding effect and high efficiency.
Representative products include 1700V silicon carbide power modules (HPD package), providing robust power support for power electronic equipment; silicon carbide fibers used in aerospace composites, enhancing the strength and high-temperature resistance of composite materials; and silicon carbide ceramics, applicable in high-temperature furnaces and catalyst carriers, leveraging their high-temperature resistance and chemical stability.
Hardness Characteristics and Multifunctional Applications of Vanadium Carbide (VC)
Vanadium carbide possesses extremely high hardness and melting point, with a Vickers hardness of 2800–2944 HV (under a 50g load), a Mohs hardness of 9–9.5, and a melting point exceeding 2800°C. Its sodium chloride-type cubic crystal structure (lattice constant 4.182 Å) confers stable mechanical properties, enabling it to maintain good performance under various harsh conditions.
The primary uses of vanadium carbide span multiple fields. As an additive in cemented carbides, it acts as a grain growth inhibitor, effectively preventing WC grains from coarsening during sintering, ensuring a uniform microstructure of the cemented carbide, and improving the material's strength and hardness. In steel metallurgy, adding vanadium carbide enhances the wear resistance, corrosion resistance, and thermal fatigue resistance of steel, improving its overall performance. In new energy materials, it can serve as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries and a component in supercapacitors, boosting energy storage performance and cycle life.
Typical product forms include nano-vanadium carbide powder (1–2 μm, purity ≥99%), meeting the demands of high-precision material preparation; vanadium carbide coating materials for surface strengthening of parts; and high-purity vanadium carbide ingots (99.9%), providing raw materials for advanced material research and development.
Performance Characteristics and Engineering Applications of Chromium Carbide (Cr₃C₂)
Chromium carbide exhibits good comprehensive properties, with a Vickers hardness of 1800 HV and a thermal expansion coefficient of 10.3×10⁻⁶/K. Its orthorhombic crystal structure (a=2.821, b=5.52, c=11.46 Å) and density of 6.68 g/cm³ make it highly suitable for high-temperature applications.
In terms of application scenarios, chromium carbide is widely used in wear-resistant coatings. Relevant technologies are often employed to coat it onto the surface of steel materials, improving their wear resistance under harsh conditions such as high temperatures and corrosion, for example, spraying chromium carbide coatings on boiler pipes and heat exchanger surfaces. For high-temperature structural materials, it can be used to manufacture aerospace engine components and industrial kiln linings, enduring high-temperature environments. In cutting tools, as a component of cemented carbides, it enhances tool life, ensuring smooth cutting operations.
Typical industrial products include chromium carbide ceramics with a theoretical density of 6.68 g/cm³, suitable for various high-temperature wear-resistant components; ultrafine chromium carbide powder (1–2 μm, 99.9% purity), guaranteeing the preparation of high-quality coatings and ceramic materials; and chromium carbide coatings with a hardness of HV1700–2000, effectively improving surface properties of components.
Carbide Hardness Comparison and Selection Guide
Carbide typeVickers (HV)Mohs HardnessMelting point      (℃)Main FeaturesTungsten carbide  (WC)2200-24009-9.52870High hardness, outstanding wear resistance.Titanium carbide (TiC)2800-30009-103140High hardness, Good chemical stability.Silicon carbide  (SiC)2500-30009-9.52700High thermal stability, semiconductor properties.Vanadium carbide  (VC)2800-29449-9.52810High melting point, good catalytic performance.Chromium carbide (Cr₃C₂)1200-18008-91890Medium hardness, good oxidation resistance.
In practical applications, the hardness performance of carbides is influenced by various factors. In terms of crystal structure, cubic carbides (e.g., TiC, VC) generally exhibit higher hardness stability than hexagonal ones, related to the symmetry and bonding forces within the crystal lattice. Regarding purity, materials prepared from high-purity (≥99.9%) carbide powders demonstrate higher hardness and more stable performance, as impurities can disrupt the integrity of the crystal structure and reduce material hardness. In preparation processes, nanostructured carbides (particle size 50–200 nm) can significantly enhance the hardness and toughness of composite materials, with the small size effect of nanoparticles optimizing material properties. Concerning temperature, most carbides maintain relatively high hardness at elevated temperatures, but prolonged exposure may lead to oxidation and performance degradation, necessitating consideration of oxidation protection in high-temperature applications.
Conclusion and Outlook
Carbide materials hold an irreplaceable position in the industrial sector due to their unique hardness characteristics. With continuous advancements in preparation technologies, nanostructured carbides and composite carbide materials will become key focus areas for future development, promising to play significant roles in more fields.
In high-end manufacturing, ultra-hard carbide tools and wear-resistant components will support the development of precision machining technology, improving product processing accuracy and quality. In the new energy sector, silicon carbide power devices will drive efficiency improvements in electric vehicles and renewable energy systems, contributing to the development of green energy. In aerospace, carbide-based composite materials will meet performance requirements under extreme environments, ensuring the safe and reliable operation of aerospace equipment. In the electronics industry, novel carbide materials like MXene will expand the application boundaries of electronic devices, providing more possibilities for innovation in electronic technology.
During material selection, factors such as hardness, toughness, corrosion resistance, and cost must be comprehensively considered. Optimizing the carbide type and composite ratio for specific application scenarios is essential to achieve the best performance-economic benefit ratio and promote the sustainable development of various industries.

### Carbide Anvils Usage Precautions and Maintenance Specifications
Carbide Anvils Usage Precautions and Maintenance Specifications
I. Preprocessing and Installation SpecificationsTungsten Carbide Anvils Quality Pre-inspection And Internal Stress Elimination.Prior to use, tungsten carbide anvils must undergo non-destructive testing (e.g., ultrasonic flaw detection) to inspect for internal defects such as cracks or porosity. Surfaces must be free of scratches, edge chipping, or oxidation layers, ensuring compressive strength and toughness meet process requirements (typically using hard alloy grades such as YG8, YG10, BTN8, and BTN10, hardness ≥ HRA89).Measure flatness, parallelism, and dimensional accuracy of the tungsten carbide anvil working surface. Tolerances must be controlled within 0.01 mm to prevent localized stress concentration due to uneven force distribution.Internal stress elimination treatment: Residual stresses from precision machining must be relieved via aging treatment before use. Methods include natural aging (≥1 month), oven aging (temperature ≤250°C, duration ≥72 hours), oil boiling aging, vacuum aging, or ultrasonic aging to reduce deformation or cracking risks.
Installation Positioning Accuracy and Assembly Requirementstungsten carbide anvil assembly with cylinders and cushion blocks must be strictly concentric, ensuring the central axes of all four/six tungsten carbide anvil working surfaces coincide (deviation ≤0.05 mm). Misalignment causes uneven pressure distribution in the synthesis chamber, leading to "biased wear" or premature fracture.Taper and press-fit: tungsten carbide anvil and steel ring tapers must match, with ≥90% contact area. Press-fit height must be appropriate: typically 8–10 mm for tungsten carbide anvils <Ф127 mm, 10–12 mm for ≥Ф127 mm.Tungsten carbide anvils and cushion blocks must fit tightly with full surface contact; point contact is strictly prohibited to avoid stress concentration. Use specialized tooling during installation to prevent impact damage (hard alloy brittleness makes minor impacts prone to hidden cracks).
Surface Lubrication and ProtectionApply high-temperature, high-pressure lubricant (e.g., molybdenum disulfide-based grease) to the tungsten carbide anvil working surface to reduce friction wear against synthesis media (e.g., pyrophyllite, graphite) and prevent sintering adhesion.Non-working surfaces may be coated with wear-resistant layers (e.g., TiN) to enhance corrosion and oxidation resistance. Protect against rust in humid environments.
II. Raw Material Quality ControlCore Component Precision Requirements.Steel rings and cushion blocks must meet strict machining tolerances:
Steel ring inner wall roughness ≤ Ra1.6; roundness and taper must match tungsten carbide anvil geometric tolerances.
Cushion block parallelism ≤0.02 mm; hardness must be moderate (excessive hardness causes impact damage; insufficient hardness compromises force transmission).Conductive steel rings must be rust-free and crack-free, with no blue brittleness after baking. Store in dry conditions to prevent oxidation-induced conductivity loss.
Synthesis Media Performance AssurancePyrophyllite must be calcined under controlled temperature and duration to ensure stable pressure transmission. Dry to moisture content ≤0.5% to prevent "blowouts" or gas explosions.Particle size must be uniform (200–300 mesh) to avoid coarse impurities causing "point contact" wear on tungsten carbide anvil surfaces.
III. Synthesis Process Parameter ControlPressure-Temperature Matching.Strictly adhere to process parameters: pressure (typically 5–6 GPa) and temperature (1300–1600°C). Overpressure or overtemperature reduces tungsten carbide anvil service life by >50% due to grain growth and hardness degradation.Pressure ramp rate must be steady (recommended ≤0.5 GPa/min) to prevent dynamic stress cracks. Depressurize slowly; hold ≥1 minute before cooling to avoid gas explosions.
Stability During Insulation and Pressure HoldingMonitor real-time pressure (fluctuation ≤±0.1 GPa) and temperature (fluctuation ≤±20°C). Excessive fluctuations cause fatigue failure from cyclic stress.Optimize pressure-holding duration: prolonged exposure accelerates surface oxidation; insufficient time compromises diamond quality and increases tungsten carbide anvil reuse frequency.
IV. Equipment Foundation AssurancePresses must maintain high precision: synchronization and concentricity deviations ≤0.2 mm, zero leakage. Machine stability prevents uneven tungsten carbide anvil loading and abnormal wear.Regularly calibrate pressure sensors, displacement sensors, etc., to prevent tungsten carbide anvil overload from equipment errors.
V. Cooling System AssuranceCooling Circuit Integrity.Clean internal cooling circuits every 50 synthesis cycles to remove scale and debris. Ensure flow rate ≥5 L/min, inlet temperature ≤30°C, outlet temperature ≤50°C. Inadequate cooling reduces tungsten carbide anvil surface hardness by >30% (at >300°C), causing plastic deformation.Verify circuit sealing before installation to prevent leaks that cause insulation failure or electrochemical corrosion.
Cooling Method Selection
Small tungsten carbide anvils (diameter <50 mm): single-loop water cooling.
Large tungsten carbide anvils (diameter ≥80 mm): dual-loop cooling for uniform heat dissipation.
VI. Operation and Maintenance ProtocolsHandling And Assembly Prohibitions.During assembly:
Inspect pyrophyllite blocks for cracks/impurities; verify correct orientation of steel shims.
Clean all six tungsten carbide anvil surfaces before loading to prevent jams or electrical arcing.Pre-synthesis check: Scratch-test all four tungsten carbide anvil surfaces to detect hidden defects and prevent blowouts.Handle synthesis materials gently; avoid tool contact with tungsten carbide anvil surfaces. Never strike tungsten carbide anvil edges. Cool tungsten carbide anvils to <50°C before disassembly to prevent thermal cracking.
Operational Monitoring During SynthesisDuring idle advance: Verify cylinder actions—stationary cylinders must not drift; moving cylinders must pause correctly at position.Immediately halt upon abnormal noise or vibration.
Regular Inspection and MaintenanceAfter every 100 cycles:
Measure tungsten carbide anvil working surface wear. Grind to restore flatness if unilateral wear >0.5 mm (grinding depth ≤0.2 mm/session; excessive removal risks stress relief).
Inspect sides for "bulging" or cracks (common in stress zones); remove defective tungsten carbide anvils immediately.
Storage and PreservationStore idle tungsten carbide anvils on vibration-free racks in dry conditions. Avoid stacking or metal-to-metal contact. Apply rust inhibitor and cover with dust-proof cloth.Re-test hardness and surface condition after >3 months of storage.
VII. Safety Monitoring and Emergency ResponseReal-Time Condition Monitoring.Monitor tungsten carbide anvils via pressure sensors and infrared thermometers. Halt immediately upon abnormal pressure/temperature spikes or noise.Install fracture pre-warning systems (e.g., vibration sensors) to trigger alarms upon abnormal frequencies.
Emergency Measures
Minor cracks: Withdraw tungsten carbide anvil, mark defect location, and isolate. Do not reuse or repair.
Shattered tungsten carbide anvil: Remove all fragments; inspect cylinder and components for damage. Replace all tungsten carbide anvils and conduct no-load test (80% operating pressure) before resuming production.
VIII. Process Matching and Life cycle ManagementSelect Tungsten Carbide Anvil Size And Material Based On Diamond Specifications.
Large diamonds (≥5 mm): Use high-toughness tungsten carbide anvils (e.g., YG10) with reduced pressure fluctuations.
Fine-grain diamonds: Use high-hardness tungsten carbide anvils (e.g., YG8) for extended wear life.Maintain tungsten carbide anvil life cycle logs (usage count, repairs, failure modes). Optimize parameters (e.g., reduce high-pressure dwell time). Typical service life: 5,000–8,000 cycles. Exceeding this increases safety risks.
Implementation of these protocols extends hard alloy anvil service life by 30%–50%, reduces production failures, and ensures stable, safe diamond synthesis.
Our company is among China’s top ten tungsten carbide anvils manufacturers. Should you require cemented carbide products, please contact us.

### Tungsten carbide corrosion resistance
Tungsten carbide corrosion resistance
How to better understand the tungsten carbide corrosion resistance to help our designers choose the right material? This article will explain the tungsten carbide corrosion resistance.
Pure tungsten carbide does not rust under normal temperature and pressure. Pure tungsten carbide is highly stable in dry air at room temperature; an extremely thin oxide film (primarily WO₃) forms on its surface, preventing further oxidation. Therefore, significant corrosion almost never occurs in everyday environments (such as indoors, at room temperature).
Under extreme conditions, tungsten carbide may oxidize:
High-temperature environments (>500–600°C):At high temperatures, tungsten carbide reacts with oxygen: WC + 5O₂ → 2WO₃ + 2CO₂. A yellow or bluish-purple tungsten trioxide (WO₃) layer forms on the surface. The oxidation of tungsten carbide is fundamentally different from the rusting of iron. The rusting of steel causes corrosion and the flaking off of the corroded layer. The oxide layer of tungsten carbide is dense; the generated WO₃ film is relatively dense, protecting the internal material and not causing progressive corrosion. Tungsten carbide may oxidize under the following extreme environments:
Strong oxidizing media:Exposure to concentrated nitric acid, hydrofluoric acid, or molten alkali may cause corrosion.
Long-term humid and hot environments:Although slow, prolonged exposure to high-temperature and high-humidity environments may accelerate surface oxidation.
Pure tungsten carbide is not used alone in industrial materials; it is generally mixed with metallic cobalt, commonly known as cemented carbide. This article will also discuss the rusting situation of cemented carbide.
I. Whether cemented carbide material rustsCemented carbide is an alloy material made from hard compounds of refractory metals and binder metals through powder metallurgy. Its main components are tungsten carbide and cobalt, possessing characteristics such as high hardness, wear resistance, good strength, and toughness. Since the main components of cemented carbide, tungsten carbide and cobalt, are not easily oxidized metals, and they undergo special treatment during the production process, they are endowed with excellent corrosion resistance. Therefore, cemented carbide does not rust at room temperature and pressure either.
In practical applications, the corrosion resistance of tungsten carbide has been fully validated. Whether in harsh environments such as high temperature, high pressure, high humidity, strong acids, or strong alkalis, tungsten carbide can maintain stable performance. This makes tungsten carbide widely valuable in fields such as cutting tools(tungsten carbide inserts, carbide endmills), wear-resistant parts, and drilling tools, tungsten carbide bushings, tungsten carbide seal rings.
Of course, although tungsten carbide is not prone to rust, it may still be corroded under certain special conditions. For example, its performance may be affected to some extent under extremely high or low temperatures. Additionally, certain strong oxidizers or reducing agents may also cause corrosion to tungsten carbide. Therefore, when using tungsten carbide, it is still necessary to make reasonable selections and maintenance based on specific application environments and conditions.
How to maintain cemented carbide products to prevent rustWhether it's cemented carbide or tungsten carbide products, correct maintenance is crucial. Here are some suggestions to help you prevent rust on these materials:
Avoid prolonged exposure to harsh environments such as high temperature, high humidity, strong acids, or strong alkalis.
Clean regularly to remove surface dirt and impurities. Use mild detergents and soft cloths for wiping; avoid using strong chemical cleaners.
For cemented carbide products, regularly inspect whether their surface treatments (such as plating, coatings) are intact. Repair any damage promptly.
During storage, maintain a dry and ventilated environment, avoiding moisture and water accumulation. Rust inhibitors or desiccants can be used for auxiliary protection.
In summary, due to its unique chemical properties and structural characteristics, tungsten carbide is not prone to rust and possesses excellent corrosion resistance. This gives tungsten carbide broad application prospects in multiple fields. At the same time, we also need to be aware of the potential corrosion issues tungsten carbide may face under certain special environments to ensure its stability and reliability during use.
Our company is among China’s top ten tungsten carbide products manufacturers. Should you require cemented carbide products, please contact us.

### How to polish carbide dies and why it is important?
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How to polish carbide dies and why it is important?
Cemented tungsten carbide dies, renowned for their high hardness, exceptional wear resistance, and resistance to heat and corrosion, find extensive applications across numerous industries. During the service life of these dies, polishing treatment significantly enhances the light refractive index of the workpiece surface, resulting in a brighter visual appearance. Importantly, this polishing process does not alter the original dimensions of the part or the surface unevenness.
1. Functions of Polishing
Polishing is an indispensable step in the processing workflow of cemented carbide dies. Particularly for tungsten steel cemented carbide dies, polishing poses greater challenges due to the material’s high hardness. However, meticulously polished dies not only achieve a more practical and aesthetically pleasing appearance but also significantly improve their wear resistance. A smooth, polished surface reduces friction during mold operation, minimizes material adhesion, and extends the overall service life of the mold by preventing premature wear caused by surface irregularities.
2. Sandpaper Grits Required for Mirror Polishing of Cemented Carbide dies
The selection of sandpaper is crucial for achieving mirror polishing on cemented carbide surfaces. The grit size of sandpaper indicates the coarseness or fineness of the abrasive particles, directly influencing the polishing effect. In general, achieving a mirror-like finish requires a gradual progression from lower to higher grit sandpapers to remove surface roughness step by step, ultimately achieving a smooth, reflective surface.
Specifically, the sandpaper grits required for mirror polishing of cemented carbide typically range from 800 grit to 2000 grit. In practice, adjustments can be made based on the material’s hardness and initial surface condition. For example:
If the cemented carbide surface is relatively rough, start with low-grit sandpapers (such as 120 grit or 240 grit) for rough grinding to quickly remove surface protrusions and defects.
Then transition to medium-grit sandpapers (400 grit or 600 grit) for fine grinding, making the surface flatter.
Finally, use high-grit sandpapers (1000 grit, 1500 grit, or even higher) for precision polishing until the mirror effect is achieved.
3. Detailed Explanation of Polishing Processes
3.1 Fluid Polishing
Fluid polishing is a process that utilizes high-speed flowing liquid carrying abrasive particles to scour the surface of cemented carbide molds, thereby achieving a polishing effect. The abrasive-laden fluid acts as a flexible grinding tool, conforming to the mold’s surface contours and effectively removing micro-irregularities without causing damage to complex shapes. This method is particularly suitable for molds with intricate geometries.
3.2 Chemical Polishing
Chemical polishing involves immersing the cemented carbide mold in a chemical medium. By leveraging the difference in chemical dissolution rates between micro-protrusions and depressions on the surface, the protrusions dissolve preferentially, resulting in a smoother mold surface. This method is ideal for polishing complex-shaped cemented carbide molds and enables simultaneous processing of multiple workpieces, offering high efficiency.
3.3 Electrolytic Polishing
Similar to chemical polishing, electrolytic polishing achieves a smooth surface by selectively dissolving tiny protrusions on the mold surface. However, electrolytic polishing eliminates interference from cathode reactions, leading to a more superior polishing effect with higher surface uniformity and brightness. It is widely used in applications requiring ultra-smooth surfaces, such as precision dies for optical components.
3.4 Ultrasonic Polishing
In ultrasonic polishing, the mold is immersed in a suspension containing abrasives, and the entire assembly is placed in an ultrasonic field. The vibration generated by ultrasonic waves causes the abrasives to grind and polish the mold surface. This process is highly effective for polishing small, intricate features or deep cavities that are difficult to reach with traditional methods.
3.5 Magnetic Abrasive Polishing
Magnetic abrasive polishing technology utilizes magnetic abrasives that form an "abrasive brush" under the influence of a magnetic field, enabling grinding and polishing of the mold surface. This technique ensures uniform polishing across the entire surface, including hard-to-reach areas, and effectively improves the overall polishing quality of the dies.
4. Summary and Recommendations
There are various polishing methods for cemented carbide, each with its own advantages, disadvantages, and applicable scenarios. When selecting a polishing method, comprehensive consideration of specific requirements and operational conditions is essential. To achieve optimal polishing results, the following points should be noted:
Select appropriate polishing tools and materials based on the mold’s shape and surface requirements.
Strictly control process parameters such as polishing time, pressure, and medium concentration.
Adhere to the polishing sequence from coarse to fine to avoid reintroducing surface defects.
Regularly inspect and adjust the polishing effect during the process to ensure consistency.
Through continuous practice and experience accumulation, operators can further enhance their skills in cemented carbide polishing, ensuring that dies meet the stringent performance and appearance standards required by modern industrial applications.
Our company is among China’s top ten tungsten carbide products manufacturers. Should you require cemented carbide products, please contact us.

### Parameters of Nickel-based Tungsten Carbide Alloy
Parameters of Nickel-based Tungsten Carbide Alloy
1.Chemical Composition Determines Fundamental Properties. In nickel-based WC alloys, nickel acts as the base element, typically constituting 60% - 85% of the composition. In some customized aerospace alloy components, the nickel content reaches 75%, imparting excellent toughness and corrosion resistance. Tungsten carbide (WC) is the key strengthening phase, generally present at 15% - 40%. For wear plates in mining machinery alloy parts, a WC content of 30% significantly increases surface hardness. Besides nickel and WC, elements like chromium (Cr), molybdenum (Mo), and niobium (Nb) are often added. Chromium enhances oxidation resistance; for example, alloy cutting tools operating in high-temperature environments contain 5% - 15% Cr, effectively preventing surface oxidation. Molybdenum enhances high-temperature strength; in aero-engine components, its addition allows the alloy to maintain good strength even at 800°C.
2.Significant Variation in Hardness Indicators. The hardness of nickel-based WC alloys varies considerably depending on processing techniques and applications. Alloys prepared by powder metallurgy and sintered can achieve hardness levels of HRC 60 - 70. In automotive parts factories, molds produced this way withstand tens of thousands of metal stamping cycles without significant wear. Overlay welding (hardfacing) typically yields alloy layers with hardness around HV 800 - 1200. Applying nickel-based WC alloy via overlay welding to the lip edges of port crane grabs significantly improves wear resistance. Grabs that previously required replacement every six months can last up to two years after hardfacing.
3.Relatively Stable Density Values. The density of nickel-based WC alloys typically ranges from 10 - 12 g/cm³. This density is crucial when casting alloy parts. For instance, a foundry producing large alloy bearing seats experienced significant weight deviations in cast parts due to alloy composition fluctuations affecting density. Normally, higher nickel content and lower WC content result in lower density, while higher WC content increases density. Strict density control is essential for precision instrument alloy components to ensure weight meets design specifications.
4.Outstanding High-Temperature Performance. Nickel-based WC alloys exhibit exceptional performance in high-temperature environments. Their typical operating temperature range is 600°C - 1000°C. In boiler pipe weld repairs for thermal power plants, using nickel-based WC alloy welding rods allows the pipes to maintain good wear resistance and strength under the scouring action of 850°C high-temperature steam. At 900°C, the alloy's tensile strength can still exceed 500 MPa. For example, the surface of a steel mill's reheating furnace roller table, coated with nickel-based WC alloy, showed minimal wear under the rolling pressure of 950°C steel billets, drastically reducing roller replacement frequency.
5.Exceptional Wear Resistance. The wear resistance of the alloy is closely related to its WC content. Using nickel-based WC alloy for ball mill liners in mines, where friction during ore grinding is intense, liners with 35% WC content last 5 times longer than standard steel liners. On cement production lines, using nickel-based WC alloy wear plates at pipe elbows transporting cement shows minimal wear after over a year, whereas standard plates wear through in months. Surface treatments like laser remelting can further enhance wear resistance; one machinery factory increased the wear life of alloy molds by 30% after laser remelting the surface.
6.Corrosion Resistance Varies. Nickel-based WC alloys exhibit different corrosion resistance depending on the corrosive medium. In dilute sulfuric acid solutions, alloys with higher Mo content demonstrate better corrosion resistance. Some chemical plants use such alloys for reaction vessel agitator blades, showing only slight surface corrosion after two years in dilute sulfuric acid. In seawater environments, alloys containing Cr and Mo effectively resist chloride ion corrosion. Components made from nickel-based WC alloy on offshore oil platform equipment maintain good performance despite long-term seawater immersion and scouring, preventing corrosion-induced failures.
7.Thermal Expansion Coefficient Impacts Application. The thermal expansion coefficient (TEC) of nickel-based WC alloys is typically (8 - 12) × 10⁻⁶/°C. This parameter is vital for assembling high-temperature equipment. For instance, when assembling aero-engine turbine blades to the disk hub, the TEC of the materials must match. A significant mismatch can generate high thermal stresses during engine start-up/shutdown temperature cycles, potentially causing blade loosening or fracture. Designing expansion joints for high-temperature pipes also requires considering the alloy's TEC to ensure free thermal movement and prevent stress damage.
8.Welding Presents Challenges. Welding nickel-based WC alloys requires specialized processes. Due to the high hardness and melting point of WC, welding is prone to cracking and porosity. Using incorrect welding methods during component repair can result in heavily cracked welds, leading to part rejection. Proper welding necessitates specialized electrodes and controlled welding current and speed. Preheating components to 200°C - 300°C before welding and implementing slow cooling post-weld are essential to prevent thermal stress cracking.
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### Does tungsten carbide contain nickel​
Does tungsten carbide contain nickel​
Pure tungsten carbide contains no nickel. Pure tungsten carbide is a compound (WC) composed of tungsten (W) atoms and carbon (C) atoms, with a simple hexagonal crystal structure. The compound itself contains no nickel or other metal elements.
Cemented carbide (commonly known as "tungsten carbide" products):It usually contains nickel (or cobalt). Most of the "tungsten carbide" tools, drills, wear-resistant parts, etc., we talk about in daily life actually refer to cemented carbide. Cemented carbide is a composite material formed by sintering hard tungsten carbide particles as the main body with a metal binder phase at high temperatures.
The main role of nickel is to act as a binder phase. Nickel (Ni) is one of the most commonly used binder metals in cemented carbide (the other most common one is cobalt, Co). Its role is crucial:
The role of nickel in cemented carbide (tungsten carbide-based composite materials):
Bonding tungsten carbide particles: This is the most basic and important function of nickel. During the sintering process (usually at high temperatures above 1455°C), nickel melts to form a liquid phase. The liquid nickel can wet the surface of tungsten carbide particles and fill the gaps between the particles. After cooling and solidification, nickel acts like "glue" to firmly bond the hard but brittle tungsten carbide particles together, forming a dense and strong overall structure. Without the binder phase, loose tungsten carbide powder cannot form a bulk material with practical strength.
Providing toughness and impact resistance: Pure tungsten carbide is very hard but also very brittle. The continuous or semi-continuous metal network formed by nickel (or other binder phases) provides the material with necessary toughness, ductility, and impact resistance. When the material is subjected to external forces (such as impact, vibration), the metal phase can absorb energy through plastic deformation, preventing rapid crack propagation and avoiding catastrophic brittle fracture of the material. This allows cemented carbide to be used under working conditions with impact and vibration (such as mining tools, stamping dies).
Affecting hardness and wear resistance: The content and properties of the binder phase directly affect the hardness and wear resistance of the alloy:
The lower the content of the binder phase, the more direct contact between tungsten carbide particles, the higher the overall hardness of the alloy, and the better the wear resistance (especially abrasive wear), but the toughness will decrease.
The higher the content of the binder phase, the better the toughness of the alloy, but the hardness will decrease.
Nickel vs. cobalt: Nickel-based binder phase alloys usually have slightly lower hardness and strength than cobalt-based alloys, but better toughness, corrosion resistance, and thermal fatigue resistance. Nickel also has good wettability to tungsten carbide, but its strength is usually slightly lower than that of cobalt.
Providing corrosion resistance: Cemented carbide with a nickel-based binder phase has significantly better corrosion resistance (acid resistance, alkali resistance, salt spray resistance, etc.) than cobalt-based alloys. This is because nickel itself is more corrosion-resistant than cobalt. This makes nickel-based cemented carbide widely used in wear-resistant components in corrosive environments such as chemical industry, marine, and food processing (such as tungsten carbide sealing rings, pump valve parts, nozzles).
High-temperature oxidation resistance: Nickel can form a more stable protective oxide film at high temperatures, so nickel-based cemented carbide generally has better high-temperature oxidation resistance than cobalt-based alloys.
Non-magnetic: Nickel-based cemented carbide is usually non-magnetic (or weakly magnetic), while cobalt-based alloys are ferromagnetic. This is an advantage in applications that require avoiding magnetism (such as some electronic equipment, medical equipment).
Summary:
Pure tungsten carbide (WC) itself contains no nickel.The "tungsten carbide" products we usually refer to (such as tools, drills, wear-resistant parts) are actually cemented carbide, whose main components are tungsten carbide particles and a metal binder phase.Nickel (Ni) is a very important binder phase metal in cemented carbide. The core roles of nickel in cemented carbide are:Bonding hard tungsten carbide particles to form a dense whole.Endowing the material with necessary toughness and impact resistance.Providing better corrosion resistance compared with cobalt.Providing better high-temperature oxidation resistance compared with cobalt.Usually making the alloy non-magnetic.The choice of nickel or cobalt as the binder phase depends on the specific requirements of the final cemented carbide application (strength, hardness, toughness, corrosion resistance, oxidation resistance, cost, etc.). Nickel-based binder phases are especially indispensable in occasions with high corrosion resistance requirements.
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### Welding Methods For Stamping Dies
Welding methods for stamping dies
Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) Welding:Principle: TIG welding is a welding technique that uses argon gas as a shielding gas. The arc burns under the protection of argon, concentrating heat and effectively preventing oxidation of the welding zone, thereby producing high-quality welds.Application: Commonly used for welding stamping dies made of stainless steel, aluminum, and aluminum alloys. It is particularly effective for die repair and local reinforcement. For example, in welding precision stainless steel stamping dies, TIG welding ensures smooth and clean welds, minimizing impact on the die's surface quality.Characteristics: TIG welding produces high-quality welds with aesthetically pleasing seam formation, a small heat-affected zone, and relatively minor deformation. However, it demands higher operational skill and involves relatively higher equipment costs.
Resistance Welding:Principle: Resistance welding utilizes the resistive heat generated when current passes through the workpieces to locally heat them to a plastic or molten state, forming a strong joint under pressure.Application: Suitable for welding thinner stamping die components, such as spot welding or seam welding of sheet metal stamping dies. In automotive stamping die manufacturing, resistance welding is often used for welding body panel dies.Characteristics: Fast welding speed, high production efficiency, minimal welding deformation, and no need for filler materials. However, equipment costs are high, and surface quality and assembly precision requirements for workpieces are stringent.
Laser Welding:Principle: Laser welding employs a high-energy-density laser beam as a heat source to rapidly melt and solidify the workpiece surface material, forming a welded joint. The laser beam concentrates energy, enabling rapid welding.Application: Particularly suitable for precision stamping dies, such as microelectronic stamping dies and precision hardware stamping dies. For thin and delicate die components, laser welding achieves high-quality welds with minimal thermal impact.Characteristics: High welding precision, narrow and deep welds, a small heat-affected zone, and extremely minor deformation. It also allows for automated welding. However, equipment costs and maintenance expenses are high, and operator skill requirements are stringent.
Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW):Principle: SMAW uses the arc heat generated between the electrode and the workpiece to locally melt the electrode and workpiece, forming a weld. During operation, the electrode acts as filler material, melting under arc heat and filling the weld.Application: Suitable for welding and repairing large stamping dies. It offers strong adaptability to welding positions, allowing welding in various spatial orientations. For structurally simple dies with lower precision requirements, SMAW is a common welding method.Characteristics: Simple equipment, flexible operation, and low cost. However, weld quality heavily depends on operator skill, labor intensity is high, efficiency is relatively low, and weld quality and appearance are inferior to TIG or laser welding.
Submerged Arc Welding (SAW):Principle: SAW is a welding method where the arc burns beneath a layer of flux. During welding, the flux covers the welding zone, and the arc generates heat under the flux layer, melting the wire and workpiece to form the weld.Application: Suitable for welding thicker stamping die components, such as bases or frames of large dies. In heavy machinery manufacturing, SAW is often used for welding large stamping dies.Characteristics: High welding current, deep penetration, fast welding speed, high production efficiency, and stable weld quality. However, the equipment is complex, workpiece assembly precision requirements are high, and it is unsuitable for thin sheets or complex spatial welds.
Brazing:Principle: Brazing uses a filler metal (brazing material) with a lower melting point than the base metal. The workpiece and filler are heated to a temperature above the filler's melting point but below the base metal's melting point. The molten filler wets the base metal, fills the joint gap, and diffuses with the base metal to form a connection.Application: Often used for cemented carbide, ceramics, and metals, as well as welding temperature-sensitive die components. For example, in hard alloy stamping dies, brazing can connect hard alloy blades to the die body.Characteristics: The base metal does not melt during brazing, resulting in minimal joint deformation and maintaining dimensional accuracy. However, brazed joints have relatively lower strength, and filler selection significantly impacts weld quality.
In practical applications, the appropriate welding method should be selected based on factors such as the stamping die's material, structure, usage requirements, and production volume. Additionally, to ensure welding quality, welding process parameters must be properly adjusted and controlled, and post-welding heat treatment and machining should be performed as needed.
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###  Is tungsten carbide an alloy？
Is tungsten carbide an alloy ?
I. Is Tungsten Carbide an Alloy?
Tungsten carbide, with the chemical formula WC, is not an alloy. It is a compound composed of tungsten and carbon. An alloy refers to a metallic substance formed by mixing and melting a metal with one or several other metals or non-metals, followed by cooling and solidification, resulting in a solid product with metallic properties. Tungsten carbide, in contrast, is a hard compound generated through a chemical reaction. It is commonly used as a material for manufacturing cutting tools, abrasives, or wear-resistant components.
II. Hardness Comparison: Pure Tungsten vs. Tungsten Carbide
In terms of hardness, tungsten carbide is significantly harder than pure tungsten. Tungsten carbide is an extremely hard material, with a Mohs hardness rating of 9-9.5 and a Rockwell hardness (HRA scale) reaching 94 HRA, approaching the hardness of diamond. While pure tungsten is also a high-hardness metal, its hardness is far lower than that of tungsten carbide. This exceptional hardness gives tungsten carbide a unique advantage in manufacturing wear-resistant products such as cutting tools and abrasives.
III. Hardness Comparison: Tungsten Carbide vs. Tungsten Alloys
When comparing the hardness of tungsten carbide and tungsten alloys, it's crucial to note that the hardness of tungsten alloys varies depending on their composition and manufacturing process. However, in general, pure tungsten alloys typically exhibit lower hardness than tungsten carbide. Due to its stable compound structure, tungsten carbide possesses far greater hardness than simple metallic alloys. Therefore, tungsten carbide is usually the superior choice in applications demanding extremely high hardness.
IV. Application Fields of Tungsten Carbide
4.1 Cutting Tools and Machining:
Core Application: This is the largest market for tungsten carbide. Cemented carbide tools (turning tools carbide inserts, milling cutters, tungsten carbide  drills, reamers, taps, etc.) are widely used for machining metals, wood, and composites through turning, milling, drilling, tapping, etc.
Advantages: High hardness, excellent wear resistance, superior high-temperature red hardness (retains hardness at elevated temperatures), significantly enhancing machining efficiency, precision, and tool life.
4.2 Mining and Engineering Tools:
Drill Bits and Picks: Used in oil drilling, geological exploration, coal mining, and tunneling. Serves as cutting teeth on drill bits (for roller cone bits, bases for PDC bits) and tips for roadheader picks, enduring immense impact and wear.
Rock Drill Bits: The tip section of percussive rock drill bits.
Construction Machinery Parts: Wear parts like bulldozer and excavator blade tips, plowshares, and slurry pump seal rings.
4.3 Wear-Resistant Parts:
Seals: Mechanical tungsten carbide seal rings, valve seats, and valve cores used in pumps and valves within the chemical, petroleum, and power industries to resist fluid erosion and corrosive wear.
Nozzles: High-pressure nozzles for sandblasting, waterjet cutting, and spray drying equipment, enduring severe wear from high-speed particles or fluids.
Molds and Stamping Tools: Wire drawing dies (for drawing metal into fine wire), cold heading dies, powder metallurgy molds, and stamping dies, utilizing high hardness and wear resistance for metal forming.
Rolls: Guide plates, rolls, etc., for high-speed wire rod mills.
4.4 Wear-Resistant Coatings:
Thermal Spraying: Tungsten carbide coatings are applied via HVOF (High-Velocity Oxy-Fuel), plasma spraying, etc., onto critical components (e.g., turbine blades, valves, shafts, pump bodies) to significantly enhance the substrate's wear and corrosion resistance.
Hardfacing: Depositing tungsten carbide composite materials onto wear-prone surfaces.
4.5 Wear-Resistant Structural Components:
Bearings and Bushings: Used in special operating conditions involving high temperature, corrosion, or requiring extreme wear resistance.
Gauges and Probes: Wear-resistant contact points or measurement surfaces for precision measuring tools.
Artificial Joints: Tungsten carbide-based composites are used for friction surfaces in some high-performance artificial hip and knee joints.
4.6 Military and Aerospace:
Armor-Piercing Penetrators: Utilized as the core material for kinetic energy armor-piercing projectiles due to its high density and hardness.
High-Temperature Components: Rocket nozzle throat liners, gas turbine blades, and other parts requiring resistance to high-temperature ablation and erosion (often compounded with other ceramics).
Armor: Incorporated as part of composite armor to enhance protective capability.
4.7 Other Applications:
3D Printing: Used as powder material in metal additive manufacturing (SLM - Selective Laser Melting, Binder Jetting) to produce complex-shaped wear-resistant parts.
Jewelry: Used for making men's wedding bands and fashion jewelry due to its high hardness, scratch resistance, resistance to deformation, unique metallic luster, and grey appearance.
Sports Equipment: Golf club head counterweights (utilizing high density), hiking pole tips, fishing sinkers.
Electronics Industry: Certain high-performance electrical contacts and electrode materials.
Nuclear Industry: Certain components requiring high hardness and radiation resistance.
V. Conclusion
In summary, tungsten carbide is not an alloy but a high-hardness compound. Compared to pure tungsten and tungsten alloys, tungsten carbide possesses a distinct advantage in hardness. This makes tungsten carbide widely applicable across numerous industrial fields. By gaining a deeper understanding of tungsten carbide's properties and manufacturing processes, we can better utilize this material to facilitate progress and development in related industries.
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### Is tungsten carbide ferrous​
Is tungsten carbide ferrous​
Is tungsten carbide ferrous​? Tungsten carbide belongs to neither non-ferrous metals nor ferrous metals. It is a metallic compound composed of tungsten and carbon, possessing unique physical and chemical properties. It is widely used in fields such as cemented carbides and wear-resistant materials.
I. Basic Introduction to tungsten carbide
Tungsten carbide is a metallic compound composed of tungsten and carbon, characterized by excellent properties such as high hardness, high melting point, and wear resistance. It typically exists in powder form, appearing dark gray or black. Tungsten carbide is a crucial raw material for producing cemented carbides, wear-resistant materials, etc., and finds extensive applications in mechanical processing, mining, oil drilling, mold manufacturing(tungsten carbide plates), and other industries.
II. Definition of non-ferrous and ferrous metals
Before discussing whether tungsten carbide belongs to non-ferrous or ferrous metals, we first need to clarify the definitions of these two categories. Non-ferrous metals refer to all metals and their alloys except iron, chromium, and manganese, such as copper, aluminum, and zinc. They usually possess good electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, and ductility. Ferrous metals primarily refer to iron and its alloys, such as steel and cast iron. This category is named for the black oxide film often present on its surface.
III. Analysis of the metallic nature of tungsten carbide
Although tungsten carbide contains the metallic element tungsten, it is not a single metallic element but a metallic compound formed by the combination of tungsten and carbon. Therefore, from a compositional standpoint, Tungsten carbide does not fit the definitions of non-ferrous or ferrous metals. Furthermore, its physical and chemical properties differ significantly from those of these two metal categories. For instance, its hardness far exceeds that of ordinary metals, and it exhibits excellent wear resistance.
IV. Conclusion
In summary, tungsten carbide belongs to neither non-ferrous metals nor ferrous metals. It is a metallic compound with unique properties, widely used in fields such as cemented carbides and wear-resistant materials. In practical applications, we should fully understand the properties and characteristics of tungsten carbide to effectively leverage its superior performance.
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### 7 Best Ways, How To Choose Carbide Inserts
​7 Best ways, how to choose carbide inserts
How to Identify Carbide Inserts and How to choose Carbide Inserts? This article will explain in detail through the following seven parts, which will surely provide you with valuable information.
1. Selection of Insert ShapeThe shape of the insert relates to the workpiece material, the tool's lead angle, nose angle, number of effective cutting edges, etc.Different insert shapes have different nose strengths. Generally, the larger the nose angle, the greater the nose strength, and vice versa. Round inserts (R type) have the largest nose angle, while 35° diamond inserts (V type) have the smallest. When selecting, choose based on whether the cutting conditions are severe, targeting heavy, medium, or light cutting. When machine tool rigidity and power permit, large allowances and roughing should use inserts with larger nose angles. Conversely, for machine tools with low rigidity and power, small allowances, and finishing, inserts with smaller nose angles are suitable. Insert Shape vs. Nose Strength and Cutting VibrationFrom the perspective of cutting forces, a larger nose angle results in a larger radial component force on the workpiece during machining, making it more prone to cause cutting vibration. Regarding the number of effective cutting edges, under the same conditions, round inserts have the most, while prismatic inserts have the fewest.
2. Selection of Insert Relief AngleCommon insert relief angles include N (0°), C (7°), P (11°), E (20°), etc. Generally, for roughing and semi-finishing, the N type can be used.For semi-finishing and finishing, C type, P type, or N type inserts with chip breakers can be used.For machining cast iron and hardened steel, the N type can be used.For machining stainless steel, C type or P type can be used.For machining aluminum alloy, P type, E type, etc., can be used.For materials with good elastic recovery, a slightly larger relief angle can be selected.Generally, for boring inserts, C type or P type are chosen; for large holes, the N type can be selected.
Let's briefly understand CNC insert models through a specific example. Take the insert model DNMG150408-MS as an example. Its model contains rich information. This insert model consists of 10 positions. The first four letters represent the insert's characteristics, while the following six numbers describe the insert's dimensional model in detail. Each letter and number represents specific attributes, including shape, angles, and dimensions.Specifically, D represents a 55° diamond insert, N indicates a relief angle of 0°, M denotes the insert's manufacturing tolerance grade, and G describes the rake face type and center hole type. In the numerical part, 15 indicates a cutting edge length of 15 mm, 04 represents an insert thickness of 4.76 mm, and 08 indicates a nose radius of 0.8 mm.
Analysis of Each ComponentNext, we further analyze each component of the insert model. Describing the specific meaning of each letter, such as shape code, relief angle, tolerance grade, as well as rake face and center hole type, helps clarify the significance of each detail. The first letter usually represents the shape of the CNC insert. Common shape codes include H, O, P, S, T, C, D, and E, representing regular hexagon, regular octagon, regular pentagon, square, rhombic (80° included angle), diamond (55° included angle), and diamond (75° included angle) respectively.The second letter indicates the insert's relief angle, where codes A to O correspond to different relief angle values, such as 3°, 5°, 7°, etc.The third letter relates to the insert's tolerance grade. Grade M and Grade G are the most commonly used tolerance grades. Grade M is typically suitable for roughing, semi-finishing, and finishing inserts, while Grade G is more often used for precision machining and super-hard inserts.Finally, the fourth letter is used to describe the insert's rake face type and center hole type (chip groove and hole). Through this detailed analysis, we can more clearly understand the meaning represented by each component of the CNC insert model.
3. Insert Tolerance GradeSelection is based on the machining operation, such as finishing, semi-finishing, roughing, etc., to reduce machining costs while ensuring the task is completed.3.1 In the ISO standard, tolerance is represented by letters, with Grade D representing the highest precision, followed by C, B, A, E, and F. The precision of Grade D tools can reach ±2 µm, suitable for high-precision machining. Grade C and B precision are within ±5 µm, suitable for general machining. Grade A, E, and F have relatively lower precision and are generally applied to simpler workpiece machining.3.2 JIS (Japanese Industrial Standards) is the abbreviation for the organization setting Japanese domestic industrial standards. In the JIS standard, precision is also represented by letters, with Grade AA representing the highest precision, followed by A, B, C, D, and E. The precision of Grade AA tools can reach ±1 µm, suitable for high-precision machining. Grade A and B precision are within ±3 µm, suitable for general machining. Grade C, D, and E have relatively lower precision and are generally applied to simpler workpiece machining.3.3 ASME (American Society of Mechanical Engineers) is the professional organization for American mechanical engineers. In the ASME standard, precision is also represented by letters, with Grade AA representing the highest precision, followed by A, B, C, D, and E. The precision of Grade AA tools can reach ±1 µm, suitable for high-precision machining. Grade A and B precision are within ±3 µm, suitable for general machining. Grade C, D, and E have relatively lower precision and are generally applied to simpler workpiece machining.3.4 Chinese Standard has 12 tolerance grades from A to U. Grades G, M, and U are commonly used for turning. Generally, high-precision Grade G inserts are selected for precision machining; for non-ferrous metals finishing and semi-finishing, Grade G inserts are suitable. Finishing of hardened steel (above 45 HRC) can also use Grade G inserts. Finishing to heavy-duty roughing can use Grade M inserts; roughing can use Grade U inserts.3.5 Conclusion Letters representing CNC tool precision include standards like ISO, JIS, and ASME. Among them, Grade D and AA represent the highest precision, Grade A and B are suitable for general machining, and Grade C, D, and E are suitable for simpler workpiece machining. Different letter standards apply to different machining requirements. Selecting tools with standard precision can improve machining efficiency and quality.
4. Nose RadiusIt not only affects cutting efficiency but also relates to the machined surface roughness and precision. Considering the relationship between nose radius and maximum feed rate, the maximum feed should not exceed 80% of the nose radius dimension. Otherwise, cutting conditions will deteriorate, potentially leading to threaded surface marks and tool breakage. Therefore, the selected nose radius should be equal to or greater than 1.25 times the maximum feed rate for the part turning. When the nose angle is less than 90°, the allowable maximum feed rate should be reduced.Nose radius is also related to chip breaking reliability.To ensure chip breaking, there is a minimum value for cutting allowance and feed rate. When the nose radius decreases, these two minimum values also decrease accordingly. Therefore, for reliable chip breaking, small nose radii are typically used for small-allowance, low-feed turning operations, while larger nose radii are suitable for the opposite.Geometrically, nose radius and feed rate are the two parameters forming the surface roughness of the machined part: h ≈ f² / (8 * rε) (where h is the machined surface profile height in µm, f is the feed rate in mm/rev, and rε is the nose radius in mm). From this formula, once the required machined part surface roughness and feed rate are set, the corresponding nose radius can be selected: rε ≥ f² / (8 * h).
5. Selection of Chip Breaker Groove TypeChip breaker groove types for carbide inserts produced in China are divided into two main categories. The first category comprises 23 groove types recommended by the national standard (GB 2076-1987). The second category includes groove types with corresponding applicable ranges recommended in the product catalogs of China's two major carbide manufacturers. It is impossible to list all dozens of groove types from these two categories; relevant catalogs can be consulted for selection. For conventional CNC machining, insert chip breaker grooves have developed towards two modes: basic groove types plus supplementary groove types. That is, covering the widest possible machining range with the smallest number of basic grooves, supplemented by other groove types to fill the gaps. The groove type is determined based on the machining operation type and the material properties of the workpiece. Representation methods vary by supplier, but the basic approach is similar: basic groove types are categorized by operation type as Finishing (code F), Medium/General machining (code M), and Roughing (code R).
6. Selecting Insert Type Based on Workpiece MaterialAccording to international standards, there are types for Steel (P class), Stainless steel & Alloy steel (M class), and Cast iron (K class). Combining these two aspects gives the corresponding groove types. For example, PF refers to a groove type for finishing steel, KM is for general machining of cast iron, etc. If machining extends towards two directions, such as ultra-finishing and heavy roughing, and materials also extend, such as heat-resistant alloys, aluminum alloys, non-ferrous metals, etc., supplementary groove types for ultra-finishing, heavy roughing, and machining heat-resistant alloys, aluminum alloys, etc., become available. Specific product catalogs should be consulted for selection.
7. Insert Brand SelectionThis refers to selecting the tier/grade of the tool. The choice of tool tier is closely related to the grade of the machine tool, the requirements of component machining, product value, the type of enterprise, and the market status of the enterprise's products. Currently, within the Chinese tool industry, there is a perception of the "hierarchy" of tool origins:(1) Germany,(2) Europe/America, Israel, Japan(3) Korea, China.
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### The allowable stress of cemented tungsten carbide
The allowable stress of cemented tungsten carbide
Cemented tungsten carbide is frequently used in engineering design, and understanding allowable stress of cemented tungsten carbide helps engineers select suitable materials. Allowable stress refers to the maximum stress a material can safely withstand long-term; exceeding this value may cause deformation or fracture. As a representative hard alloy, the allowable stress of cemented tungsten carbide is influenced by composition, temperature, processing techniques, and other factors. Specific values require analysis based on actual conditions.
Composed of tungsten and carbon atoms, cemented tungsten carbide approaches the hardness of natural diamond and exhibits exceptional wear resistance. This material often uses cobalt as a binder phase—higher cobalt content improves toughness but may reduce hardness and allowable stress. For instance, cemented tungsten carbide with 6% cobalt typically has a compressive strength between 4,000–5,000 MPa, though the practical allowable stress applies a safety factor, typically 1/5 to 1/3 of the compressive strength.
Temperature significantly impacts allowable stress. While stable at room temperature, cemented tungsten carbide softens above 500°C, causing allowable stress to drop sharply. Experimental data show that allowable stress decreases by approximately 8%–12% per 100°C temperature increase. High-temperature applications require careful attention to cooling system design and temperature monitoring.
Manufacturing processes directly determine material performance. cemented tungsten carbide produced via low-pressure sintering reduces porosity by 0.5%–1% compared to conventional methods, increasing allowable stress by over 15%. Surface treatments like chemical vapor deposition (CVD) coatings form a 5–10 μm titanium nitride layer, boosting surface allowable stress by about 20% without compromising bulk toughness.
Stress concentration must be addressed in practical applications. Due to its brittleness, sharp edges should be avoided in part design. One tool manufacturer reported that increasing the cutting edge radius from 0.1 mm to 0.3 mm extended tool life threefold. Preload control during assembly is also critical, as excessive stress may initiate microcracks.
Allowable stress values vary across standards. ASTM B657 specifies an allowable stress range of 800–1,200 MPa for industrial-grade cemented tungsten carbide, while DIN 4990 provides 600–1,000 MPa for specific conditions. Selection should consider the application scenario—e.g., lower values for impact loads and mid-to-upper values for static loads.
Maintenance affects the durability of allowable stress. Regular inspection for surface wear is essential; spalling exceeding 0.2 mm may reduce load-bearing capacity by 30%. Lubricant selection also matters: grease with solid lubricants can reduce contact stress by 15%–20% compared to standard oils.
Material inspection is crucial for ensuring allowable stress. Ultrasonic testing detects internal defects as small as 0.1 mm, and X-ray diffraction analyzes residual stress distribution. Destructive testing—including three-point bending and compression tests—should be performed per batch to verify compliance with design requirements.
An engineering case study shows that replacing a gear shaft in mining machinery with cemented tungsten carbide increased the allowable stress by 50% compared to the original design, though this required improved support structures. This modification extended equipment lifespan from 6 months to 3 years, demonstrating the significant benefits of properly applying allowable stress data. Note that material parameters should never be applied blindly; comprehensive analysis tailored to specific operating conditions is essential.

### Does tungsten carbide rust?
Does tungsten carbide rust?
Does tungsten carbide rust? Pure tungsten carbide does not rust under normal temperature and pressure. Pure tungsten carbide is highly stable in dry air at room temperature; an extremely thin oxide film (primarily WO₃) forms on its surface, preventing further oxidation. Therefore, significant corrosion almost never occurs in everyday environments (such as indoors, at room temperature).
Under extreme conditions, tungsten carbide may oxidize:
High-temperature environments (>500–600°C):At high temperatures, tungsten carbide reacts with oxygen: WC + 5O₂ → 2WO₃ + 2CO₂. A yellow or bluish-purple tungsten trioxide (WO₃) layer forms on the surface. The oxidation of tungsten carbide is fundamentally different from the rusting of iron. The rusting of steel causes corrosion and the flaking off of the corroded layer. The oxide layer of tungsten carbide is dense; the generated WO₃ film is relatively dense, protecting the internal material and not causing progressive corrosion. Tungsten carbide may oxidize under the following extreme environments:
Strong oxidizing media:Exposure to concentrated nitric acid, hydrofluoric acid, or molten alkali may cause corrosion.
Long-term humid and hot environments:Although slow, prolonged exposure to high-temperature and high-humidity environments may accelerate surface oxidation.
Pure tungsten carbide is not used alone in industrial materials; it is generally mixed with metallic cobalt, commonly known as cemented carbide. This article will also discuss the rusting situation of cemented carbide products.
I. Whether cemented carbide material rustsCemented carbide is an alloy material made from hard compounds of refractory metals and binder metals through powder metallurgy. Its main components are tungsten carbide and cobalt, possessing characteristics such as high hardness, wear resistance, good strength, and toughness. Since the main components of cemented carbide, tungsten carbide and cobalt, are not easily oxidized metals, and they undergo special treatment during the production process, they are endowed with excellent corrosion resistance. Therefore, cemented carbide does not rust at room temperature and pressure either.
In practical applications, the corrosion resistance of tungsten carbide has been fully validated. Whether in harsh environments such as high temperature, high pressure, high humidity, strong acids, or strong alkalis, tungsten carbide can maintain stable performance. This makes tungsten carbide widely valuable in fields such as CNC cutting insert tools, wear-resistant parts, and mining drilling tools.
Of course, although tungsten carbide is not prone to rust, it may still be corroded under certain special conditions. For example, its performance may be affected to some extent under extremely high or low temperatures. Additionally, certain strong oxidizers or reducing agents may also cause corrosion to tungsten carbide. Therefore, when using tungsten carbide, it is still necessary to make reasonable selections and maintenance based on specific application environments and conditions.
How to maintain cemented carbide products to prevent rustWhether it's cemented carbide or tungsten carbide products, correct maintenance is crucial. Here are some suggestions to help you prevent rust on these materials:
1.Avoid prolonged exposure to harsh environments such as high temperature, high humidity, strong acids, or strong alkalis.
2.Clean regularly to remove surface dirt and impurities. Use mild detergents and soft cloths for wiping; avoid using strong chemical cleaners.
3.For cemented carbide products, regularly inspect whether their surface treatments (such as plating, coatings) are intact. Repair any damage promptly.
4.During storage, maintain a dry and ventilated environment, avoiding moisture and water accumulation. Rust inhibitors or desiccants can be used for auxiliary protection.
In summary, due to its unique chemical properties and structural characteristics, tungsten carbide is not prone to rust and possesses excellent corrosion resistance. This gives tungsten carbide broad application prospects in multiple fields. At the same time, we also need to be aware of the potential corrosion issues tungsten carbide may face under certain special environments to ensure its stability and reliability during use.
Our company is among China’s top ten cemented carbide manufacturers. Should you require cemented carbide products, please contact us.

### Tungsten carbide compressive strength and tensile yield strength
Tungsten carbide compressive strength and tensile yield strength
Tungsten carbide forms a densely sintered crystalline structure through high-temperature bonding of tungsten and carbon atoms, endowing the material with exceptional hardness. As a ceramic material, pure tungsten carbide exhibits high hardness and brittleness, with relatively low tensile strength significantly influenced by manufacturing processes (e.g., sintering density, grain size). Pure tungsten carbide has a tensile strength of 344 MPa. Industrial-grade tungsten carbide is typically combined with binder metals such as cobalt (Co) and nickel (Ni) to bond the tungsten carbide particles, substantially improving brittleness and enhancing tensile strength. This composite material is commonly termed cemented carbide. Cemented tungsten carbides compressive strengths generally demonstrate ranging from 4,000 to 6,000 MPa (580,151–870,226 psi), equivalent to withstanding 400–600 kilograms per square millimeter. The table below presents the cemented tungsten carbide tensile and yield strengths for specific grades:
Cemented carbideGradeChemical compositionTensile strength（MPa）Yield strength（MPa)WC-Co      Low cobaltYG6WC-6%Co1400~18001500~1800WC-Co    Middle cobaltYG8WC-8%Co1800~22001600~2000WC-Co      High cobaltYG15WC-15%Co2400~28001200~1500Ultrafine grain size  WC-CoYG10XUltrafine grain size WC-10% Co3000~35002000~2500WC-TiC-CoYT15WC-15%TiC-6%Co1100~15001000~1300WC-Ni-FeYN10WC-10%Ni-5%Fe1600~20001400~1700
Cemented tungsten carbide tensile yield strength reflects the material's ability to resist fracture under tension. During testing, the specimen ends are clamped in a tensile testing machine. As the pulling force increases, the transition point where the material shifts from elastic deformation to plastic deformation is the tensile yield strength. Due to the significant brittleness of cemented carbides, the tensile yield strength of tungsten carbide is markedly lower than its compressive strength, typically ranging from 1000 to 1500 MPa. This characteristic necessitates special attention to avoiding tensile stress concentrations when designing tungsten carbide components, such as employing rounded transitions at cutting tool edges.
The material composition ratio directly influences mechanical properties. For every 1% increase in cobalt content as the binder phase, the compressive strength decreases by approximately 80 MPa, but toughness improves. For example, a specific model of mining rock drilling alloy with 6% cobalt achieves a compressive strength of 5800 MPa, while a cutting insert with 15% cobalt sees its compressive strength reduced to 4200 MPa. Controlling the tungsten carbide grain size between 0.5 and 2 micrometers yields the optimal strength balance; grains that are too fine can cause uneven distribution of the binder phase, while grains that are too coarse are prone to forming crack initiation sites.
Temperature changes non-linearly affect strength indicators. Experimental data show that when the operating temperature exceeds 600°C, the compressive strength of tungsten carbide decreases at a rate of 0.8% per degree Celsius. For instance, the compressive strength of an aero-engine seal ring operating at 800°C decreases from 5200 MPa at room temperature to 3200 MPa. The primary cause of high-temperature strength reduction is microcrack propagation due to thermal stress; adding elements like chromium and vanadium can enhance high-temperature stability.
In petroleum drilling, PDC cutters must simultaneously withstand formation compression and impact tension. A specific cutter model employs a gradient structure design: the surface layer features tungsten carbide grains refined to 0.8 micrometers, while the core maintains 2-micrometer grains. Tests show a compressive strength of 5500 MPa and a tensile strength of 1300 MPa, resulting in a 40% longer service life compared to a homogeneous structure. In metal cutting, the cutting tool's rake angle design directly affects the stress state; a negative rake angle design converts cutting forces into compressive stress, fully utilizing the material's compressive strength advantage.
Quality control requires special attention to defect detection. Porosity exceeding 0.05% can reduce compressive strength by 15%. Ultrasonic testing can detect internal defects larger than 0.1 mm. Failure analysis of a batch of cold heading dies revealed an un-sintered pore of 0.3 mm inside the die, causing the actual compressive strength to be only 72% of the nominal value.
Material modification research has achieved a breakthrough: nano-layered structured tungsten carbide maintains a compressive strength of 4800 MPa while increasing tensile strength to 1800 MPa. This structure, created by alternately depositing 5-nm-thick tungsten carbide layers and 2-nm-thick metal layers, effectively inhibits crack propagation. Laboratory data indicates the fracture toughness of the modified material increased 2.3-fold, and it has been applied in precision stamping die manufacturing.
Actual selection must comprehensively consider working conditions. For applications with frequent impact loads, formulations with lower compressive strength but higher toughness should be chosen. For sustained high-pressure environments, materials with peak compressive strength are prioritized. For example, after replacing the hammer head of a mine crusher with a high-cobalt (12%) formula, although the compressive strength decreased to 4500 MPa, the service life increased by 3 times because the enhanced material toughness effectively resisted cyclic impacts.
Failure case analysis reveals the interdependence of strength indicators. The fracture of a precision bearing cage was traced to the raw material's tensile strength being only 980 MPa, below the design requirement of 1200 MPa. Further analysis showed that low sintering temperature led to insufficient grain boundary bonding strength; although hardness met the standard, the actual strength was inadequate. This case demonstrates that material selection cannot rely solely on hardness; comprehensive mechanical property testing is essential.
Our company is among China's top ten cemented carbide manufacturers. Should you require cemented carbide products, please contact us.

### How to cut tungsten carbide rod
How to cut tungsten carbide rod
How to cut tungsten carbide rods? This article will introduce the properties and hardness of the rods to select the correct cutting methods and clamping tools, ensuring that the tungsten carbide rods can be cut correctly and safely. Here are the top ten tungsten carbide rod manufacturers in China. If you need any assistance, please contact us.
1. Hardness Characteristics of Tungsten Carbide Rod
Tungsten carbide (carbide alloy) is a super-hard material sintered from tungsten carbide (WC) and metal binders like cobalt (Co), achieving ultra-high hardness of HRA 88-94 (equivalent to Vickers hardness HV 1400-1850). Its wear resistance exceeds that of high-speed steel by over 10 times . While renowned for extreme wear resistance and compressive strength, it is brittle, requiring avoidance of severe vibration or stress concentration during cutting to prevent cracking.
2. Core Cutting Methods for Tungsten Carbide rod
Based on precision, efficiency, and cost needs, methods include:
1. Mechanical Cutting
Diamond Saw Blade CuttingSuitable for: Straight cutting of rods ≤50mm in diameter with high precision (e.g., tool manufacturing, component processing).Operation Tips: Use diamond-tipped saw blades (4-16 inches in diameter) with water cooling to reduce temperature and prevent thermal embrittlement. For rods ≤20mm, maintain a speed of 3000-5000 rpm and feed rate ≤10mm/min.
Green silicon Carbide Grinding Wheel CuttingSuitable for: Rough machining or initial cutting of large-diameter rods (>50mm) with lower costs.Operation Tips: Use silicon carbide-bonded wheels with cutting fluid to prevent micro-cracks from thermal stress. Drawback: Lower precision requires post-cutting grinding.
2. Non-Mechanical Cutting
Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM)Suitable for: Complex contours or precision parts (e.g., irregular-shaped holes curved surfaces), especially for super-hard alloys with HRA90+ hardness. Wire cutting is currently the most widely used method for cutting tungsten cemented carbide rods in the cemented carbide industry.Principle: Material is eroded via high-frequency pulsed discharges without mechanical contact, avoiding stress damage. Capable of cutting rods ≤100mm with ±0.01mm precision, but slower—ideal for small-batch, high-precision needs.
Laser CuttingSuitable for: Ultra-fine rods ≤10mm or thin slices, prioritizing efficiency and fine processing (e.g., medical devices, electronics).Principle: High-energy laser melts material for smooth, burr-free cuts, but high equipment costs and potential heat-affected zones in thick materials.
3. Clamping Strategies for Different Rod Diameters
Clamping stability directly impacts cutting precision and safety—classified by diameter:
1. Small-Diameter Rods (≤10mm)
Clamping Tools: Precision vise + V-groove padding blocksOperation Tips: Wrap rods in soft copper sheets to avoid surface damage; match V-groove angles (common 60° or 90°) to rod diameter, ensuring axis perpendicularity with a 0.02mm dial indicator for φ5mm rods.
2. Medium-Diameter Rods (10-50mm)
Clamping Tools: Hydraulic fixtures + positioning pinsOperation Tips: Adopt symmetrical clamping to prevent deformation; insert positioning pins into pre-machined center holes of rod ends for accuracy. For φ30mm rods, maintain clamping force at 50-80N to avoid slipping or cracking.
3. Large-Diameter Rods (>50mm)
Clamping Tools: Gantry-style fixing frames + adjustable support blocksOperation Tips: Use multiple support blocks for even weight distribution, avoiding overhanging end vibration; adjust levelness with a dial indicator (error ≤0.1mm/m). For φ100mm rods, place supports 50mm from the cutting point to reduce cantilever deformation.
4. Safety and Quality Control Notes
Protective Gear: Always wear anti-spatter goggles, dust masks, and non-slip gloves to avoid inhaling tungsten carbide dust (hazardous to health).
Cooling Measures: Use cutting fluid or compressed air for mechanical cutting; ensure deionized water purity in EDM to prevent conductive impurities affecting precision.
Post-Cutting Inspection: Check cuts with a magnifier. If burrs or cracks exist, grind with diamond tools to achieve surface roughness Ra≤1.6μm.
5. Conclusion
Cutting tungsten carbide rod requires balancing hardness and brittleness. Choose tools based on diameter and precision: diamond saw blades or EDM for small-diameter precision cuts, silicon carbide wheels for large-diameter roughing. Clamp by diameter to ensure stability, and strictly follow cooling and safety protocols for efficient, accurate processing.

### Tungsten carbide grades and applications
Tungsten carbide grades and applications:
In the industrial field, tungsten carbide is widely used. As the world's largest producer, China has nearly 900 cemented carbide manufacturers, each with an independent grade system. Different grades vary in composition and performance, and selecting the right tungsten carbide grades is key to maximizing material efficiency.
This article will analyze China's national standard cemented carbide grades and compare them with international ISO standards and U.S. C-series standards to provide a clear selection reference.
As a top 10 cemented carbide manufacturer in China with 40 years of experience, we can provide precise grade matching suggestions for scenarios such as precision machining, mining, petrochemicals, and precision molds. Click here to contact us.
Carbide grade                       Mechanical propertyRecommended usesEquivalent toISOAmerican grade Density (G/CM2)Tensile strength (N/CM2)Hardness(HRA)   YG3X14.6-15.2132092Precision tools requiring high wear resistance (such as reamers and boring tools)   And wire drawing dies. Suitable for cast iron, non-ferrous metals and alloys. High speed finishing of small cutting sections of steel and quenching alloy steel.K01C1YG6A14.6-15.0137091.5The impact resistance is better than YG3X, and the wear resistance is better than YG6. Suitable for semi-finishing machining of hard cast iron, non-ferrous metals and their alloys. It is also suitable for semi-finishing of high manganese steel, quenched steel and alloy steel. Processing and finishing. Also used to manufacture wear-resistant parts (such as spray  nozzle) and stamping die. K05C2YG6X14.6-15.0142091Tools that require high surface accuracy (such as thread turning tools) and cold Upsetting die, cold punching die. Good cold hardened alloy cast iron and heat resistant alloy steel can be obtained The effect is very good and it is also suitable for finishing of ordinary cast iron. K10C2YK1514.2-14.6210091Suitable for processing solid alloy drills, milling cutters, reamers and other cutting tools. It has high wear resistance and toughness. K15K20C4YG614.5-14.9138089General-purpose tools (such as end mills, drills) and general wear-resistant Parts (such as top hammer, die, belt scraper, etc.), suitable for Medium cutting of cast iron, non-ferrous metals and alloy non-metallic materials Semi-finishing at low speed. K20C2YG6X-114.6-15.0150090High-precision machining of high-temperature alloys, such as cemented carbide molds  Electrode for EDM. Suitable for cast iron, non-ferrous metals and Precision turning of alloy non-metallic materials during continuous cutting, intermittent cutting Semi-finishing turning, finishing turning, small section finishing turning, rough turning of screws Semi-finishing and finishing milling of continuous sections, rough expansion andFine expansion.K20C1YG8N14.5-14.8200090Suitable for cast iron, white cast iron, ductile iron, chromium and nickel High-speed cutting of stainless steel and other alloy materials. K30C3YG814.5-14.9160089.5Mining tools (e.g. rock drill bits), punching dies and chips Cutting tools. Suitable for cast iron, non-ferrous metals and their alloys and non-metals  In material processing, uneven sections and intermittent cutting Rough turning, rough planing, rough milling, general hole and deep hole drilling,Expand the hole. K30C3YG10X14.3-14.7220089.5 Used to make high-strength molds such as cold extrusion molds and cold heading molds. Suitable for manufacturing fine-diameter micro drills, end mills, rotary files, etc.K35C4YS2T14.4-14.6220091.5It is an ultra-fine grain alloy, suitable for low-speed rough turning and milling heat resistance Alloy and titanium alloy, used as cutting knives, taps, saw blades and milling cutters Especially good.K30C1YL10.114.9190091.5It has good wear resistance and bending strength, and is mainly used for production Produce extruded bars, suitable for general drill bits, cutters and other wear-resistant pieces.K15-K25C2YL10.214.5220091.5It has good wear resistance and bending strength, and is mainly used for production of extruded bars, small diameter micro drills, watch processing Industrial tools, integral reamers and other cutting tools and wear-resistant parts piece.K25-K35C2YG1513.9-14.2210087Used to make wear-resistant parts under high impact loads, such as mining drills heads, geological exploration tools, steel bars and steel pipes under high compression rate stretching, forging, punching and punching under high stress Press tool dies, cold heading dies (high toughness required). K30C12YG2013.4-13.7250085Suitable for making stamping dies, such as stamping watch parts, musical instruments Spring sheets, etc.; molds for punching battery shells and toothpaste tubes; small stamping dies for large steel balls, screws, nuts, etc.; hot rolling twist drill bit pressure plate; extra heavy impact conditions, such as ore crusher linings and large stamping dies require extremely high toughness wear-resistant parts. K30C13YG20C13.4-13.7220082Suitable for making cold-pressed parts, bearings, tools, etc.Upsetting, cold punching, cold pressing dies; bullet to shell stamping dies Tool. K40C13YT1511.0-11.7115091Applicable to carbon steel and alloy steel processing, continuous cutting Rough turning, semi-finishing turning and finishing turning, small interruption during intermittent cutting  Surface finishing, semi-finishing and finishing milling of continuous surfaces, rough expansion of holes  With refined expansion.P10 YT1411.2-12.0127090.5Suitable for processing carbon steel and alloy steel with uneven sections Rough turning for continuous cutting and semi-finishing turning for intermittent cutting And fine turning, continuous section rough milling, casting hole expansion drilling and rough expansion.     P20 YT512.5-13.2143089.5Suitable for carbon steel and alloy steel (including steel forgings, stampings    and casting skin) processing uneven sections and intermittent cutting Rough turning, rough planing, semi-fine planing, rough milling of non-continuous surfaces  and drilling.  P30 YS2512.8-13.2200091Suitable for carbon steel, cast steel, high manganese steel, high strength steel and Rough turning, milling and planing of alloy steels.P20、P40 YS3012.45180091It is an ultra-fine particle alloy suitable for large-cutting and high efficiency milling of various Milling of various steels, especially alloy steels.P25P30 YW112.6-13.5118091.5Suitable for difficult-to-process steels such as heat-resistant steel, high manganese steel, and stainless steel  And processing of ordinary steel and cast iron.M10 YW212.4-13.5135090.5Suitable for heat-resistant steel, high manganese steel, stainless steel and high grade alloy steel  Finishing and semi-finishing of special difficult-to-process steel materials. General steel and cast iron processing.M20 YT1511.0-11.7115091Applicable to carbon steel and alloy steel processing, continuous cutting   Rough turning, semi-finishing turning and finishing turning, small interruption during intermittent cutting    Surface finishing, semi-finishing and finishing milling of continuous surfaces, rough expansion and fine expansion.P10 YT1411.2-12.0120090.0Applicable to carbon steel and alloy steel processing, continuous cutting rough turning, semi-finishing turning and finishing turning, small interruption during intermittent cutting    Surface finishing, semi-finishing and finishing milling of continuous surfaces, rough expansion and fine expansion.P20 YT512.5-13.2140089.5Suitable for carbon steel and alloy steel (including steel forgings, stampings    and casting skin) processing uneven sections and intermittent cutting rough turning, rough planing, semi-fine planing, rough milling of non-continuous surfaces  and drilling.P30 YS3012.45180091.0It is an ultra-fine particle alloy suitable for large-cutting and high efficiency milling of various Milling of various steels, especially alloy steels. P25P30 YS2512.8-13.2200091.0Suitable for carbon steel, cast steel, high manganese steel, high strength steel and Rough turning, milling and planing of alloy steels.M20、M30P20、P40 YS2T14.4-14.6220091.5It is an ultra-fine grain alloy, suitable for low-speed rough turning, milling of heat-resistant alloys  and titanium alloys, and is particularly suitable for use as cut-off cutters, taps, and saw blademilling cutters.K30M30 YW112.6-13.5120091.5Suitable for difficult-to-process steels such as heat-resistant steel, high manganese steel, stainless steel, etc.  Processing of ordinary steel and cast iron.M10 YW212.4-13.5135090.5It is suitable for finishing of special difficult-to-process steels such as heat- resistant steel, high manganese steel, stainless steel and high-grade alloy steel, and finishing of ordinary steel and cast iron.M20 YW312.7-13.3130092Suitable for alloy steel, high strength steel, low alloy, ultra-strength steel Finishing under certain conditions.M10M20 

### YG6 tungsten carbide
YG6 tungsten carbide
YG6 tungsten carbide, a member of the tungsten-cobalt (WC-Co) alloy family, is renowned for its balanced combination of high hardness, wear resistance, and toughness. Composed of approximately 94% tungsten carbide (WC) and 6% cobalt (Co), this material is engineered to meet the demands of medium-load industrial applications. The cobalt binder phase enhances ductility, while the tungsten carbide matrix ensures exceptional wear resistance. This article provides a comprehensive overview of YG6’s technical specifications, performance characteristics, and practical applications.
1. Composition and Microstructure
YG6 cemented carbide consists of two primary phases:
Tungsten Carbide (WC): ~94% by weight, forming the hard, wear-resistant matrix.
Cobalt (Co): ~6% by weight, acting as a metallic binder that bonds WC grains.
The microstructure features uniformly distributed submicron WC grains (1–2 μm) embedded within a continuous cobalt network. This configuration ensures optimal stress distribution, minimizing crack propagation under mechanical loads.
2. Key Physical and Mechanical Properties
PropertyValueTest StandardHardness (HRA)≥89.5ISO 3738Transverse Rupture Strength≥1900 MPaISO 3327Impact Toughness2.6 J/cm²ASTM E23Density14.6–15.00 g/cm³GB/T 3850Thermal Conductivity80 W/(m·K)ASTM E1461Thermal StabilityMaintains properties at 800–900°CDIN 50100
Structural Advantages:
High Hardness: WC grains (2200–2400 HV) provide superior abrasion resistance.
Enhanced Toughness: The cobalt binder absorbs impact energy, reducing brittleness.
Thermal Resistance: Stable performance in high-temperature environments up to 900°C.
3. Industrial Applications
YG6 is widely utilized across industries requiring durability and precision:
3.1 Metal Cutting Tools
Components: Inserts for turning, milling, and drilling.
Performance:
40% higher machining efficiency for cast iron compared to high-speed steel (HSS).
Dimensional accuracy within ±5 μm during finishing operations.
3.2 Stamping and Forming Dies
Applications: Stainless steel sheet forming, automotive panel dies.
Advantages:
5× longer service life than conventional tool steel dies.
Springback control ≤10 μm for high-precision forming.
3.3 Mining and Geological Tools
Components: Rock drill bits, tunneling equipment.
Durability:
Operates continuously for 60+ hours in medium-hard rock formations.
8× higher wear resistance than alloy steel counterparts.
3.4 Wear-Resistant Components
Examples: Bearings, gears, conveyor scraper blades.
Performance Metrics:
Wear rate: 0.01 mm per 1000 operating hours.
Contact fatigue strength: 900 MPa.
4. Operational Guidelines
4.1 Environmental Limitations
Temperature: Avoid prolonged exposure above 800°C to prevent cobalt oxidation.
Corrosion Resistance: Susceptible to strong acids/alkalis; surface coatings (e.g., CrN, TiAlN) recommended for harsh environments.
4.2 Maintenance Best Practices
Regrinding: Use diamond grinding wheels (120–200 mesh) with a maximum depth of 0.1 mm per pass.
Post-Processing: Sandblast with 80-mesh alumina at 0.2 MPa to eliminate microcracks.
Storage: Maintain humidity below 40% in anti-corrosion packaging.
4.3 Failure Prevention
Stress Management: Finite element analysis (FEA) to limit localized stress to <500 MPa.
Wear Monitoring: Replace cutting tools when flank wear (VBmax) reaches 0.3 mm.
5. Comparative Analysis with Similar Grades
GradeCo Content (%)Hardness (HRA)TRS (MPa)Recommended ApplicationsYG3391.01400Precision finishing (low vibration)YG6689.51900General machining (medium load)YG8889.02100Heavy-duty cutting/impact operations
6. Quality Control and Recycling
6.1 Certification Standards
Density Tolerance: ±0.15 g/cm³ to ensure defect-free microstructure.
Metallographic Inspection: ASTM B657 compliance for WC grain uniformity.
6.2 Sustainable Practices
Recycling Efficiency: 95% tungsten and 92% cobalt recovery via zinc melt processes (ISO 14001 certified).
7. Future Development Trends
Nanostructured Variants: WC grain sizes <0.5 μm to enhance strength (target TRS ≥2500 MPa).
Advanced Coatings: Diamond-like carbon (DLC) or multilayer (TiAlN/AlCrO) coatings to reduce friction and extend tool life.
Additive Manufacturing: Laser-based techniques to produce complex geometries with minimal material waste.
ConclusionYG6 cemented carbide remains a cornerstone material for industries demanding a balance of hardness, toughness, and thermal stability. Its performance in medium-load applications—from precision machining to wear-intensive environments—highlights its versatility. By adhering to operational guidelines and leveraging emerging technologies like nanostructuring and advanced coatings, users can further optimize efficiency and sustainability. As industrial requirements evolve, YG6 continues to adapt, solidifying its role in modern manufacturing.

### How to test tungsten carbide
How to test tungsten carbide
How to test tungsten carbide ?Tungsten carbide is a critical engineering material widely used in metal cutting, mining, petroleum drilling, and other fields. To ensure the quality and performance of tungsten carbide products, rigorous testing is essential. This article introduces the standards and methods for tungsten carbide test.
Testing Standards for Tungsten CarbideThe testing standards for tungsten carbide primarily cover three aspects: chemical composition, physical properties, and microstructure.
1.Chemical Composition Testing：This focuses on analyzing the content of key elements such as carbon (C) and tungsten (W), as well as detecting impurities. Common chemical analysis methods include:
Spectral analysis
Chemical titration
Mass spectrometryThese methods verify whether the elemental ratios meet specifications and ensure the absence of harmful contaminants.
2.Physical Property Testing：Key physical properties include hardness, density, thermal expansion coefficient, and thermal conductivity:
Hardness: Measured using Rockwell or Vickers hardness testers to evaluate compressive resistance.
Density: Calculated by measuring mass and volume.
Thermal Expansion Coefficient: Determined with a thermal expansion analyzer.
Thermal Conductivity: Assessed using a thermal conductivity meter.
3.Microstructural TestingThis examines grain size, phase composition, and porosity:
Grain Size: Observed via metallographic or electron microscopy.
Phase Composition: Analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) or scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
Porosity: Measured through microscopy or water displacement methods.Microstructural analysis reveals internal defects and organizational morphology, critical for assessing mechanical and wear-resistant properties.
Specialized Testing RequirementsAdditional tests may apply based on application-specific needs:
Cutting tools: Require evaluations of cutting speed, force, and temperature.
Drill bits for petroleum drilling: Demand wear and corrosion resistance testing.
Key Considerations for Testing
Sample Preparation: Ensures accuracy and reliability of results.
Instrument Selection and Calibration: Use appropriate, well-maintained equipment.
Standardized Procedures: Minimize human error through strict protocols.
Data Analysis and Evaluation: Employ statistical methods to validate results.
ConclusionTungsten carbide testing is vital for guaranteeing product quality. By adhering to standardized methods for chemical, physical, and microstructural analysis, manufacturers can ensure compliance with application requirements. Attention to sample preparation, equipment calibration, procedural rigor, and data integrity is essential. Only through meticulous testing can tungsten carbide products meet the diverse demands of industrial applications.

### 4 Key Differences Between Tungsten Carbide VS HSS High-Speed Steel
4 Key Differences Between Tungsten Carbide VS HSS High-Speed Steel 
Tungsten carbide vs HSS: Tungsten carbide (often referred to as "carbide steel") and high-speed steel (HSS) are frequently compared in industrial applications, yet they exhibit fundamental differences in composition, performance, and application scenarios. Material selection directly impacts product lifespan and production costs, and understanding these distinctions enables engineers to make informed decisions for critical components such as cutting tools and molds.
1. Inherent Compositional Differences Dictate Performance
Tungsten carbide is a cemented carbide composed of over 90% tungsten powder bonded with a cobalt matrix through high-temperature sintering. This structure resembles the reinforcement of steel bars in concrete, where the cobalt binder (typically 6–12% by weight) acts as the "cement." A 1% variation in cobalt content alters the transverse rupture strength by approximately 200 MPa, enabling precise balancing of hardness and toughness.
In contrast, high-speed steel is a high-carbon alloy steel containing 5–20% tungsten, formed via smelting to create a homogeneous structure. Its properties rely on solid-solution strengthening effects from alloying elements like chromium, vanadium, and molybdenum. This compositional divergence results in distinct microstructures: tungsten carbide exhibits densely packed polyhedral WC grains, while HSS features a martensitic matrix with dispersed carbides.
2. Hardness and Heat Resistance: Polarized Performance
Tungsten carbide achieves a room-temperature hardness of HRA 89–94 (equivalent to HRC 70+), retaining sharpness even when machining titanium alloys. At 800°C, its hardness decreases by only ~10%, owing to WC’s exceptional thermal stability.
High-speed steel, with a hardness range of HRC 63–67, undergoes significant softening at 600°C despite surface coatings (e.g., TiN or AlCrN). A case study in automotive transmission gear machining revealed that carbide tools tripled productivity compared to HSS, albeit with 5× higher initial costs.
3. Manufacturing Costs: Diverging Economic Curves
Producing tungsten carbide via powder metallurgy requires sintering temperatures exceeding 1,400°C, with energy consumption of ~3,500 kWh per ton. Cobalt price volatility further impacts material costs. Carbide inserts are typically brazed or mechanically clamped, offering high scrap recovery value.
HSS, manufactured through electric arc furnace smelting at ~600 kWh per ton, allows plastic deformation via forging or rolling. A tooling factory reported that HSS drill bits can be reground 15 times, whereas carbide tools are often single-use. This creates complementary cost profiles: HSS favors maintenance flexibility, while carbide prioritizes longevity.
4. Application Scenarios: Balancing Economics and Performance
Tungsten carbide dominates CNC machining centers, achieving cutting speeds of 250 m/min for cast iron—5× faster than HSS. However, in intermittent cutting (e.g., machining shafts with keyways), HSS’s impact resistance excels. A comparative study in aircraft manufacturing showed HSS tools reduced chatter by 40% and improved surface finish when machining aluminum thin-wall components.
This performance dichotomy stems from intrinsic material properties: HSS’s elastic modulus (~250 GPa) provides vibration damping, while carbide’s rigidity (~600 GPa) sacrifices vibration attenuation for stability.
Strategic Selection: A Multidimensional Approach
Engineers must evaluate lifecycle costs rather than upfront expenses. A mold manufacturer switching to carbide punches saw 80% higher unit costs but 6× extended tool life, yielding a 35% total cost reduction. For low-volume production, HSS’s regrindability often proves more economical.
Future advancements, such as 3D printing of complex carbide geometries, may disrupt traditional cost paradigms, reshaping competition in the cutting tool industry. By integrating material science with operational economics, engineers can optimize performance and profitability across diverse industrial applications.

### Silicon carbide vs tungsten carbide and their properties
Silicon carbide vs tungsten carbide 
How to better understand silicon carbide vs tungsten carbide. This article provides a comparative analysis of silicon carbide (SiC) vs tungsten carbide (WC), focusing on their properties and industrial applications.
1. Silicon Carbide (SiC)
Density: 3.2 g/cm³.
Primary Variants:
Black SiC (α-SiC, 98.5% purity): Exhibits higher toughness than green SiC, primarily used for machining low-tensile materials (glass, ceramics, cast iron).
Green SiC (α-SiC, >99% purity): Superior self-sharpening properties, ideal for cemented carbides, titanium alloys, and precision grinding of high-speed steel tools.
Cubic SiC: A yellow-green crystal synthesized via specialized methods, used for ultra-precision bearing machining, reducing surface roughness from Ra 32–0.16 μm to Ra 0.04–0.02 μm.
Key Properties:
High thermal conductivity (120–490 W/m·K)
Semiconductor behavior with oxidation resistance up to 1600°C
Chemically inert in acidic/alkaline environments (pH 3–11)
Applications:
Turbine blade coatings (extends service life by 100–200%)
Energy-efficient refractories (low thermal expansion, high thermal shock resistance)
Deoxidizers in steelmaking (85% purity grade)
Heating elements (e.g., silicon carbide rods)
2. Silicon Nitride (Si₃N₄)
Structure: Diamond-like 3D lattice.
Properties:
Melting point: 1900°C
Density: 3.2–3.4 g/cm³ | Hardness: 1500–1900 HV
Flexural strength: 600–1000 MPa | Elastic modulus: 310 GPa
Stable in air up to 1450–1550°C
Soluble in HF; inert to water and dilute acids
3. Tungsten Carbide (WC)
Structure: Hexagonal crystal (metallic luster).
Properties:
Density: 15.63 g/cm³ (18°C) | Melting point: 2870°C
Insoluble in H₂O, HCl, H₂SO₄; soluble in HNO₃-HF mixtures
Brittleness reduced by adding Ti/Co (1–5 wt%)
Synthesis:
Produced via carburization of tungsten powder at 1400–1600°C.
Oxide-derived WC requires vacuum treatment at 1500°C.
Applications:
Cutting tools (with TiC/TaC additives for impact resistance)
High-temperature components (carbide nozzles, jet engines, carbide seals)
Structural Insight:Carbon atoms occupy interstitial sites in the tungsten lattice, forming an interstitial solid solution.
4. Mechanical Seal Lifespan in Sewage Pumps
[Q]: How long do sewage pump mechanical seals last?[A]: Depends on material and operating conditions:
Tungsten carbide: 1–2 years
Silicon carbide: ~1 year
Ceramic: <6 months

### Electrical Conductivity of Tungsten Carbide
Electrical Conductivity of Tungsten Carbide
Is tungsten carbide conductive, as a crucial industrial material, tungsten carbide holds a pivotal position in the field of cemented carbides, with its electrical conductivity often prompting deliberation among materials engineers. This ceramic-metal composite, formed by covalent bonds between tungsten and carbon atoms in a hexagonal crystal structure, exhibits hardness comparable to diamond due to its unique bonding configuration. However, its electrical properties differ markedly from conventional metals.
Experimental data indicate that the room-temperature electrical conductivity of tungsten carbide is approximately 0.7×10⁶ S/m, roughly 12% of pure copper’s conductivity. This disparity stems from distinct electron transport mechanisms: metallic materials rely on free electron clouds, whereas the strong covalent bonds in tungsten carbide restrict electron mobility. Notably, the cobalt binder content significantly alters overall conductivity. Increasing cobalt content from 6% to 12% enhances composite conductivity by over 40%, revealing the critical role of interfacial effects between the two-phase materials in electron transport.
Temperature impacts conductivity non-linearly. Within the -50°C to 200°C range, conductivity decreases by ~8% per 100°C rise, attributed to intensified lattice vibrations causing electron scattering. However, under extreme temperatures (>800°C), anomalous conductivity increases have been observed, potentially linked to lattice reconstruction and defect-induced changes in carrier mobility.
In practical engineering, manufacturers of cutting tools balance conductivity and mechanical strength by controlling grain size. Reducing grain size from 5 μm to 0.5 μm may triple resistivity but improve flexural strength by nearly 50%. This trade-off is critical in microelectronics machining, where tools must maintain sufficient conductivity for electrical discharge machining while ensuring structural integrity.
Materials scientists explore doping strategies to enhance conductivity. Adding 1% tantalum boosts conductivity by 15%, while nitrogen doping to form tungsten carbonitride can double conductivity. These methods improve carrier concentration via additional energy levels but often compromise hardness, leaving comprehensive performance optimization unresolved.
Surface treatments like plasma-sprayed tungsten carbide coatings exhibit anisotropic conductivity. Conductivity along the spraying direction exceeds the perpendicular direction by 20–30%, owing to directional grain alignment. Automotive industries exploit this property to design specialized electrodes for localized conductivity control in welding processes.
Current research focuses on quantum effects in nanostructured tungsten carbide. At feature sizes below 10 nm, quantum tunneling significantly influences conductivity. A nanoporous tungsten carbide film demonstrated an anomalous negative temperature coefficient of resistance, suggesting potential in microsensor technology, though practical applications remain distant.
Failure analysis reveals that conductivity degradation in long-service tungsten carbide molds often precedes mechanical failure. A bearing manufacturer achieved 300-hour earlier failure warnings by monitoring conductivity changes, offering a novel predictive maintenance approach. However, precise mathematical models correlating microstructural evolution with macroscopic electrical properties are still needed.
Future research may transcend traditional alloy design by exploring tungsten carbide composites with topological insulator properties. Theoretical simulations suggest that specific crystallographic orientations of tungsten carbide/graphene heterostructures could enable high-mobility surface conduction while retaining bulk hardness. Though unverified experimentally, this direction holds promise for novel functional materials.
This translation rigorously preserves technical accuracy, including units (S/m, °C), numerical ranges, material science terminology (e.g., covalent bonding, carrier mobility), and experimental observations. Critical concepts such as quantum tunneling, anisotropic conductivity, and topological insulators are rendered with precision to maintain the original scientific intent.

### YG10X carbide products and its uses
YG10X carbide products and its uses
Cemented carbide, with its high hardness, high wear resistance and excellent mechanical properties, plays an irreplaceable role in the industrial field. Among them, YG10X carbide, as a typical tungsten-cobalt cemented carbide, is widely used in many industrial fields due to its unique composition and excellent mechanical properties. This article will deeply explore the composition, specific performance, production steps, application fields and share of YG10X, and summarize its development prospects.
1.Composition:
The main components of YG10X are tungsten carbide (WC) and cobalt (Co), and a small amount of titanium (Ti), niobium (Nb) and other elements are added to improve its comprehensive performance. Tungsten carbide, as a hard phase, gives the alloy extremely high hardness and wear resistance; cobalt, as a bonding metal, provides good toughness and bending strength. Specifically, the cobalt content in YG10X is about 10%, and the rest is mainly tungsten carbide. In addition, the selection of ultrafine grains (such as 0.6μm-0.8μm) further improves its wear resistance and strength. The following figure is a metallographic picture of YG10X for reference.
2.Specific performance:
YG10X cemented carbide has a series of excellent properties: High hardness: Its hardness can usually reach above 91.5HRA, which enables it to resist wear under high load. 
High strength: The bending strength exceeds 3600N/mm², ensuring the stability of the alloy in complex stress environments. 
Good toughness: The addition of cobalt makes YG10X have good impact toughness and is not prone to chipping during cutting. 
Excellent corrosion resistance: Under certain conditions, YG10X can resist chemical corrosion and extend its service life.
WCCoGrain size    (μm)Hardness(HRA)Density(g/cm³)TRS     (Mpa)90%10%0.891.514.353600
3.Production steps:
The production process of YG10X cemented carbide includes the following key steps:
Ingredients: Accurately weigh the raw material powder according to the predetermined composition ratio, including tungsten carbide, cobalt, titanium, niobium and other elements. Mixing and crushing: Add the raw material powder to the wet ball mill, add an appropriate amount of alcohol or other media for wet grinding, and fully mix and crush it to the required particle size.
Drying and sieving: The mixed powder is dried and then sieved to remove impurities and agglomerates.
Adding molding agent: Add molding agent such as wax or glue to the dried powder, dry and sieve again to obtain a mixture.
Granulation and pressing: The mixture is granulated and pressed to form the desired blank shape. Sintering: The blank is placed in a vacuum low-pressure sintering furnace for sintering. The temperature is usually close to the melting point of cobalt (about 1300-1500℃), so that the hardened phase and the bonding metal form a eutectic alloy.
Cooling and inspection: After sintering, the finished product is cooled, and then non-destructive ultrasonic flaw detection and other dimensional accuracy inspections are performed on the finished product.
4.Application fields and share:
YG10X cemented carbide is widely used in many industrial fields due to its unique properties: Tool manufacturing: YG10X cemented carbide round bars are suitable for manufacturing high-precision tools such as fine-diameter micro drills, end mills, rotary files, etc., for processing hard materials. Drills and milling cutters produced with YG10X carbide grades can process alloy materials with a hardness of 45-50HRC, such as common steel, alloy steel, non-ferrous metals, iron castings. Drills and milling cutters produced by YG10X are cost-effective and currently dominate the low-end and mid-range markets. The main users include China, India, Southeast Asia, Turkey and some European countries. If you need YG10X round bars, please contact us.
Mold manufacturing: Suitable for making powder pressing molds, drawing molds and carbide molds for forming metal materials.
Aerospace: In the aerospace field, YG10X is used to manufacture high-speed cutting tools and engine parts to meet performance requirements under extreme working conditions.
Automotive industry: In the automotive manufacturing industry, YG10X is used to manufacture key components such as engine parts, transmission systems and brake systems.
Oil and gas industry: YG10X can produce carbide sealing rings and sleeves for valves and pump bodies. 
Although it is difficult to accurately count the specific market share data, YG10X cemented carbide is increasingly widely used in the above-mentioned fields, and its market share continues to grow. Especially in the field of high-end manufacturing, YG10X has won the favor of customers with its excellent performance. At present, the round bar share of YG10X accounts for the highest proportion of YG10X products and the largest usage, mainly used to produce industrial tools.
5.Development prospects with the continuous upgrading and transformation of the manufacturing industry, the performance requirements for cemented carbide are also getting higher and higher. YG10X cemented carbide has broad development prospects in the field of high-end manufacturing due to its unique composition and excellent performance. In the future, with the continuous advancement of technology and further reduction of costs, the application field of YG10X cemented carbide will be further expanded, and the market share will continue to grow.
6.Summary YG10X cemented carbide is widely used in many fields such as tool manufacturing, mold manufacturing, aerospace and automotive industries due to its high hardness, high strength, good toughness and excellent corrosion resistance. Its unique composition and excellent performance make it a preferred material in the field of high-end manufacturing. In the future, with the continuous advancement of technology and the continuous expansion of the market, the application prospects of YG10X cemented carbide will be broader. 

### Tungsten vs tungsten carbide and their properties and uses
Tungsten vs tungsten carbide and their properties and uses
Tungsten vs tungsten carbide are two important industrial raw materials that are widely used. This article will introduce the two materials in detail. 
1.Definition of tungsten vs tungsten carbide:
Tungsten, tungsten is a metallic element located at the 74th position of the periodic table, and its atomic weight is 183.84. This metal is known for its steel gray or silvery white appearance, high hardness and high melting point. At room temperature, tungsten is not corroded by air and shows good stability. China is the world's largest tungsten reserve country, with reserves accounting for 46.8% of the world, nearly half, followed by Australia, Russia and Canada. Tungsten, a rare metal, occupies an important position in national strategic resources.
Tungsten carbide, with the chemical formula WC(wolfram carbide), is an inorganic compound composed of tungsten and carbon, and is also one of the hardest carbon-based compounds. Its molecular weight is 195.85, and it appears as a black hexagonal crystal with a metallic luster. The hardness of tungsten carbide is second only to diamond and boron nitride, and it is a good conductor of electricity and heat. It is insoluble in water, hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid, but is easily soluble in a mixed acid of nitric acid and hydrofluoric acid.
2.Hardness of tungsten vs tungsten carbide:
Tungsten/wolframTungsten carbideMohs hardnessHardness(HV)Hardness(HRA)Mohs hardnessHardness(HV)Hardness(HRA)7.5850-110066-718.5-9.51400-180090-94
3.Physical properties of tungsten vs tungsten carbide:
Tungsten/wolfram：
Water Solubility:Insoluble in waterAppearance:Silvery white shiny metalDensity：19.35g/cm3Melting Point:3422℃Boiling Point：5927℃ Poisson's ratio：0.28Heat of fusion：35.3kJ/molHeat of vaporization：806.7kJ/molSpecific heat capacity：24.27J·mol-1·K-1Thermal conductivity:173W·m−1·K−1Young's modulus:411GPaShear modulus:161GPaBulk modulus:310GPa
Tungsten carbide：
Water SolubilityInsoluble in waterAppearance:Black hexagonal crystal, with metallic lusterDensity：15.63 g/cm³Melting Point:2870 ℃Boiling Point：6000℃Resistivity:19.2×10-6Ω·cmElastic Modulus(GPa):710GPaCompressive Strength:56MPCTE((10^-6/K)):6.9×10-6/K
4.Tungsten and tungsten carbide applications: 
Tungsten:
Tungsten has an ultra-high melting point of 3410℃ (the highest among metals), a dense structure of 19.3g/cm³ and excellent creep resistance, which enable it to show excellent performance in extreme environments: In the traditional industrial field, tungsten wire is still the core luminous material of high-end incandescent lamps due to its high melting point. A thin tungsten wire with a diameter of 0.015mm can withstand an operating temperature of 3000℃. In the electronics industry, high-purity tungsten sputtering targets are used for the deposition of metal interconnect layers of semiconductor chips, and the surface roughness is controlled within 0.5μm. In the field of high-tech, tungsten copper alloy (W80Cu20) is used as a vacuum contact material, and its arc ablation rate is 70% lower than that of traditional silver-based alloys. In the field of aerospace, rocket nozzle throat linings made of tungsten copper infiltrated materials can still maintain structural integrity under 3000℃ gas scouring. In terms of emerging applications, the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) uses tungsten as the divertor armor material, and its heat load bearing capacity reaches 20MW/m². In the synchrotron radiation device, the tungsten collimator can accurately control the X-ray beam, and the aperture processing accuracy reaches ±5μm.
Tungsten carbide: 
Tungsten carbide, as an important compound of tungsten, is a gray powdery substance prepared by the reaction of metallic tungsten and carbon at high temperature. Tungsten carbide has a hardness close to that of diamond, and has high wear resistance and refractory properties, making it the main manufacturing material for cemented carbide tools. Tungsten carbide is particularly widely used in engineering machinery, cutting tools, abrasives and jewelry industries. Cemented carbide cutting tools are often used to process tough materials such as carbon steel and stainless steel. Its temperature resistance and wear resistance can significantly improve the processing speed and tool life. In addition, tungsten carbide is also used to manufacture wear-resistant parts in mining tools and oil and gas drilling equipment. In the medical field, tungsten carbide is used to manufacture surgical instruments due to its excellent performance. In the jewelry industry, tungsten carbide has become a popular material for wedding jewelry due to its high hardness and high scratch resistance. 
We are also a professional tungsten carbide products manufacturer with more than 40 years of manufacturing experience. If you need tungsten carbide products, such as tungsten carbide rods, tungsten carbide buttons, tungsten carbide plates and tungsten carbide sleeves, please click products to check the details.
5.Tungsten vs tungsten carbide price comparison:
Production cost and process: The production process of tungsten carbide is relatively complex, requiring higher technical requirements and production costs. This is mainly because tungsten carbide is made by reacting metallic tungsten with carbon at high temperature, a process that requires special equipment and processes. In contrast, although the extraction and processing process of tungsten also has certain technical difficulties, it is simpler and more direct than the production of tungsten carbide as a whole.
Performance and application: Tungsten carbide has extremely high hardness, wear resistance and corrosion resistance, which make it an ideal choice for manufacturing carbide tools, wear-resistant parts and high-temperature structural materials. Although tungsten also has good physical and chemical properties, such as high melting point, high density and good conductivity, its performance may not be as good as tungsten carbide in some specific applications.
Market demand and supply: Since tungsten carbide is widely used in cutting tools, mining equipment, oil drilling equipment and other fields, and these fields have high requirements for material properties, the market demand for tungsten carbide is relatively large. At the same time, due to the high production cost of tungsten carbide, its market supply is relatively limited, which further pushes up its price.
Price fluctuations: The prices of tungsten and tungsten carbide are affected by the global economic situation, relevant policies, and market supply and demand. However, due to the particularity of tungsten carbide production costs and market demand, its price fluctuations may be more severe. 
6.Summary:
Tungsten and tungsten carbide are pivotal in industrial applications due to their unique physical and mechanical properties. With exceptional hardness and a high melting point, tungsten is critical for filaments, cemented carbides, and specialty steels. Meanwhile, tungsten carbide with diamond-like hardness and conductivity is ubiquitous in cutting tools, wear-resistant parts, and mining equipment.
From a pricing perspective, market values of both materials fluctuate with supply demand balances, mining costs, and technological advancements. Thus, investors and industry professionals must closely monitor market trends to optimize procurement and sales strategies.
Furthermore, as technological and industrial demands evolve, so do performance requirements for these materials. To meet these challenges, R&D institutions and manufacturers must innovate in processing technologies and material design while promoting sustainable resource management.
In conclusion, as indispensable industrial materials, tungsten and tungsten carbide will continue to expand their applications alongside technological progress and market growth.
Our company is among China’s top ten cemented carbide manufacturers. Should you require cemented carbide products, please contact us.

### What is hardmetal and its uses.
What is hardmetal and its uses
What is hardmetal, another name for hardmetal is cemented carbide. As an important engineering material, Hardmetal has been widely used in mechanical processing, mining, aerospace and other fields due to its excellent hardness, wear resistance and high temperature stability. This paper will discuss the composition, preparation process, microstructure, mechanical properties and application of Hardmetal in detail, aiming to provide reference for researchers and engineering technicians in related fields.
1.Introduction Hardmetal is a composite material made of refractory metal carbides (such as tungsten carbide WC, titanium carbide TiC, etc.) and bonding metals (such as cobalt Co, nickel Ni, etc.) through powder metallurgy. Since its advent in the 1920s, Hardmetal has quickly become a research hotspot in the field of materials science and engineering due to its excellent mechanical properties and wide application prospects.
2. Composition and classification of Hardmetal 
2.1 Composition Hardmetal is mainly composed of two parts: Hard phase: usually refractory metal carbides such as wolfram carbide (WC), titanium carbide (TiC), tantalum carbide (TaC), etc. These carbides have extremely high hardness and wear resistance and are the main load-bearing phase of Hardmetal. Binder phase: usually metals such as cobalt (Co) and nickel (Ni). The function of the binder phase is to bind the hard phase particles together and provide certain toughness and impact resistance.
2.2 Classification According to the difference between the hard phase and the binder phase, Hardmetal can be divided into the following categories: WC-Co Hardmetal: This is the most common type of Hardmetal, widely used in cutting tools, molds and wear-resistant parts. WC-TiC-Co Hardmetal: By adding TiC, the high temperature performance and oxidation resistance of the alloy are improved, which is suitable for high-speed cutting. TiC-Ni-Mo Hardmetal: With TiC as the hard phase and Ni-Mo as the binder phase, it has high hardness and wear resistance and is suitable for high-precision processing.
3. Preparation process of Hardmetal 
3.1 Powder preparation The preparation of Hardmetal first requires obtaining high-purity hard phase and binder phase powders. Common methods include: Carbonization method: by reacting metal powder with carbon powder at high temperature to generate carbide. Reduction method: by reducing metal oxides to obtain metal powder.
3.2 Mixing and molding Mix the hard phase and binder phase powders in a certain proportion and make them evenly distributed through processes such as ball milling. The mixed powder is pressed and molded to form a blank of the desired shape.
3.3 Sintering The formed blank is sintered at high temperature to melt the binder phase and wet the hard phase particles to form a dense alloy structure. The sintering process has a decisive influence on the final performance of Hardmetal.
4. Microstructure of Hardmetal 
4.1 Distribution of hard phase and binder phase The microstructure of Hardmetal is mainly composed of hard phase particles and binder phase matrix. The size, shape and distribution of hard phase particles have an important influence on the performance of the alloy. Fine hard phase particles can improve the hardness and wear resistance of the alloy, while uniform distribution helps to improve the toughness of the alloy.
4.2 Grain boundaries and phase boundaries Grain boundaries and phase boundaries in Hardmetal are important factors affecting its mechanical properties. The strength of the grain boundary and the bonding state of the phase boundary directly determine the fracture resistance and wear resistance of the alloy.
5.Mechanical properties of Hardmetal 
5.1 Hardness The hardness of Hardmetal mainly depends on the type and content of the hard phase. The hardness of WC-Co Hardmetal is usually between HRA 88-94, which is much higher than that of ordinary steel.
5.2 Wear resistance The wear resistance of Hardmetal is one of its most important properties. Due to the high hardness of the hard phase and the good toughness of the bonding phase, Hardmetal exhibits excellent wear resistance under high-speed cutting and heavy load conditions. 5.3 Bending strength The bending strength of Hardmetal is mainly affected by the bonding phase content and the particle size of the hard phase. Appropriate bonding phase content can improve the bending strength of the alloy, but too high bonding phase content will reduce the hardness of the alloy.
5.4 High temperature performance Hardmetal can still maintain high hardness and strength at high temperatures, which makes it widely used in high temperature cutting and hot processing.
6.Application of Hardmetal 
6.1 Cutting tools Hardmetal is widely used in cutting tools such as turning tools, milling cutters, and carbide drill bits. For example, Hardmetal rods are used to process milling cutters and drill bits. Its high hardness and wear resistance make it perform well under high-speed cutting and heavy-load cutting conditions.
6.2 Mining tools Hardmetal is used to manufacture mining tools such as rock drill bits and picks. Its high wear resistance and impact resistance make it perform well in harsh mining environments.
6.3 Dies Hardmetal is used to manufacture cold heading dies, wire drawing dies and other dies. Its high hardness and wear resistance make it have a long life under high pressure and high wear conditions.
6.4 Aerospace Hardmetal is used to manufacture high-temperature components and wear-resistant parts in the aerospace field. Its excellent high temperature performance and wear resistance make it perform well in extreme environments.
7.Research and development trends of Hardmetal 
7.1 Nano Hardmetal With the development of nanotechnology, nano Hardmetal has become a research hotspot. Nano Hardmetal has higher hardness and toughness, and is expected to be used in ultra-precision machining and micro-nano manufacturing.
7.2 Coating technology By depositing wear-resistant coatings (such as TiN, TiAlN, etc.) on the surface of Hardmetal, its wear resistance and service life can be further improved. Coating technology has become an important direction for Hardmetal research.
7.3 New binder phase Studying new binder phases (such as Fe, Ni-based alloys) to improve the toughness and high-temperature performance of Hardmetal is an important direction for future development.
8. Conclusion As an important engineering material, Hardmetal has an important position in the field of materials science and engineering due to its excellent mechanical properties and broad application prospects. With the research progress of nanotechnology, coating technology and new binder phases, the performance of Hardmetal will be further improved and its application field will continue to expand.

### How to weld tungsten carbide to steel
How to weld tungsten carbide to steel
1.Brazing welding property: 
Tool steel usually includes carbon tool steel, alloy tool steel and high-speed steel, while cemented carbide is made by sintering carbides (such as wolfram carbide, TiC, etc.) and bonding metals (such as Co, etc.) through powder. The brazing welding technology of tool steel and cemented carbide or tungsten carbide is mainly used in the manufacture of cutting tools, molds, measuring tools and mining tools. This article will introduce the welding of tungsten carbide or cemented carbide  in detail.
The main problem in tool steel brazing welding is that its structure and performance are easily affected by the brazing process. If the brazing welding process is improper, it is very easy to cause problems such as high-temperature annealing, oxidation and decarburization. For example, the quenching temperature of high-speed steel W18Cr4V is 1260-1280℃. In order to avoid the above problems and ensure the maximum hardness and wear resistance during cutting, the brazing temperature must be adapted to the quenching temperature.
The brazing property of cemented carbide is poor. This is because the carbon content of cemented carbide is high, and the uncleaned surface often contains more free carbon, which hinders the wetting of the brazing material. In addition, cemented carbide is easily oxidized to form an oxide film at the brazing temperature, which will also affect the wetting of the brazing filler metal. Therefore, surface cleaning before brazing is very important to improve the wettability of the brazing filler metal on cemented carbide. If necessary, measures such as surface copper plating or nickel plating can also be taken.
Another problem in cemented carbide brazing or tungsten carbide welding is that the joint is prone to cracking. This is because its linear expansion coefficient is only half of that of low-carbon steel. When cemented carbide is brazed with the substrate of such steel, a large thermal stress will be generated in the joint, resulting in cracking of the joint. Therefore, when brazing cemented carbide with different materials, anti-cracking measures should be taken.
2.Brazing welding materials:
(1)Brazing filler metal Pure copper, copper-zinc and silver-copper brazing fillers are usually used for brazing tool steel and cemented carbide. Pure copper has good wettability for various cemented carbides, but it needs to be brazed in a hydrogen reducing atmosphere to achieve the best effect. At the same time, due to the high brazing temperature, the stress in the joint is large, resulting in an increased tendency to crack. The shear strength of the joint brazed with pure copper is about 150MPa, and the joint plasticity is also high, but it is not suitable for high temperature work.
Copper-zinc brazing filler metal is the most commonly used brazing filler metal for brazing tool steel and cemented carbide. In order to improve the wettability of the brazing filler metal and the strength of the joint, alloy elements such as Mn, Ni, and Fe are often added to the brazing filler metal. For example, B-Cu58ZnMn contains 4% w(Mn), which makes the shear strength of the cemented carbide brazed joint reach 300-320MPa at room temperature: it can still maintain 220-240MPa at 320°C. Adding a small amount of Co to B-Cu58ZnMn can make the shear strength of the brazed joint reach 350MPa, and it has high impact toughness and fatigue strength, which significantly improves the service life of cutting tools and rock drilling tools.
 Silver-copper brazing filler metal has a low melting point, and the thermal stress generated by the brazed joint is small, which is conducive to reducing the cracking tendency of cemented carbide during brazing. In order to improve the wettability of the brazing filler metal and increase the strength and working temperature of the joint, alloy elements such as Mn and Ni are often added to the brazing filler metal. For example, the B-Ag50CuZnCdNi brazing filler metal has excellent wettability on cemented carbide, and the brazed joint has good comprehensive performance.
In addition to the above three types of brazing fillers, Mn-based and Ni-based brazing fillers, such as B-Mn50NiCuCrCo and B-Ni75CrSiB, can be used for cemented carbide working above 500°C and with high joint strength requirements. For brazing of high-speed steel, a special brazing filler metal with a brazing temperature that matches the quenching temperature should be selected, as shown in Table 3, this type of brazing filler metal is divided into two categories. One is the ferromanganese brazing filler metal, which is mainly composed of ferromanganese and borax. The shear strength of the brazed joint is generally about 100MPa, but the joint is prone to cracks: the other is a special copper alloy containing Ni, Fe, Mn and Si. The joint brazed with it is not easy to crack, and its shear strength can be increased to 300MPa.
(2)Brazing flux and shielding gas　The choice of brazing flux should be matched with the base material to be welded and the selected brazing filler metal. When brazing tool steel and cemented carbide, the brazing flux used is mainly borax and boric acid, and some fluorides (KF, NaF, CaF2, etc.) are added. Copper-zinc brazing filler metals are equipped with FB301, FB302 and FBl05 brazing fluxes, and silver-copper brazing filler metals are equipped with FBl01~FBl04 brazing fluxes. When brazing high-speed steel with special brazing filler metals, borax brazing flux is mainly used.
In order to prevent oxidation of tool steel during brazing heating and to avoid cleaning after brazing, gas shielded brazing can be used. The shielding gas can be an inert gas or a reducing gas, and the dew point of the gas is required to be lower than -40°C. Cemented carbide can be brazed under hydrogen protection, and the dew point of the required hydrogen should be lower than -59°C.
3.Brazing technology:
Tool steel must be cleaned before brazing, and the machined surface does not need to be too smooth to facilitate the wetting and spreading of the brazing filler metal and brazing agent. The surface of cemented carbide should be sandblasted or polished with silicon carbide or diamond grinding wheel before brazing to remove excess carbon on the surface so that it can be wetted by the brazing filler metal during brazing. Cemented carbide containing titanium carbide is more difficult to wet. By coating copper oxide or nickel oxide paste on its surface and baking it in a reducing atmosphere to make copper or nickel transition to the surface, the wettability of the brazing filler metal is enhanced.
Carbon tool steel brazing is best performed before or at the same time as the quenching process. If brazing is performed before the quenching process, the solidus temperature of the brazing filler metal used should be higher than the quenching temperature range so that the weldment still has a high enough strength when reheated to the quenching temperature and does not fail. When brazing and quenching are performed together, a brazing filler metal with a solidus temperature close to the quenching temperature should be selected. Alloy tool steel has a wide range of composition. Appropriate brazing filler metal, heat treatment process and technology combining brazing and heat treatment process should be determined according to the specific steel type to obtain good joint performance.
The quenching temperature of high-speed steel is generally higher than the melting temperature of silver-copper and copper-zinc brazing filler metals. Therefore, it is necessary to quench before brazing and braze during or after secondary tempering. If quenching must be performed after brazing, only the aforementioned special brazing filler metal can be used for brazing. It is more appropriate to use a coke furnace when brazing high-speed steel tools. When the brazing filler metal melts, take out the tool and pressurize it immediately to squeeze out the excess brazing filler metal, then oil quench it, and then temper it at 550-570℃.
When brazing carbide blades and steel tool holders, it is advisable to increase the brazing gap and apply plastic compensation gaskets in the brazing gap, and slow cooling after welding to reduce brazing stress, prevent cracks, and extend the service life of carbide tool components. After brazing, the flux residue on the weldment should be washed with hot water or a general slag removal mixture, and then pickled with a suitable pickling solution to remove the oxide film on the base tool bar. However, be careful not to use nitric acid solution to prevent corrosion of the brazing metal. 

### How to polish tungsten carbide and cemented carbide ?
How to polish tungsten carbide and cemented carbide ?
Overview:
How to polish tungsten carbide and cemented carbide? Tungsten carbide and cemented carbide are materials with high hardness, high wear resistance and high strength, which is widely used in mechanical processing, mold manufacturing, mining engineering and other fields. However, the processing and polishing of cemented carbide is relatively difficult, especially for achieving mirror polishing. This article will introduce several commonly used cemented carbide and wolfram carbide mirror polishing methods.
1.Mechanical polishing:
Mechanical polishing is a common and effective method for cemented carbide mirror polishing. This method achieves the purpose of polishing by using mechanical equipment and abrasives. First, select suitable abrasives, such as aluminum oxide sand or corundum, and then fix the abrasives on the grinding tool of the polishing machine. Next, the cemented carbide material to be polished is contacted with the grinding tool, and the abrasive is used to produce a grinding effect on the surface of the material through rotation, friction and pressure, gradually removing the unevenness of the surface of the material until the desired mirror effect is achieved.
The advantages of mechanical polishing are simple operation, high efficiency, and the ability to obtain better surface quality. However, due to the high hardness of cemented carbide, mechanical polishing requires a long time and high energy consumption. In addition, since mechanical polishing easily generates heat, the temperature during the polishing process needs to be controlled to avoid damage to the cemented carbide material.
2.Chemical polishing: 
Chemical polishing is a method of removing impurities and oxides on the surface of cemented carbide by chemical reaction. Common chemical polishing methods include pickling and electrochemical polishing. Pickling is to immerse the cemented carbide material in an acidic solution to remove surface oxides and impurities through the corrosion of the acid. Electrochemical polishing is to use an external electric field in the electrolyte to cause an electrochemical reaction on the surface of the cemented carbide material to achieve the purpose of polishing.
The advantage of chemical polishing is that it can quickly remove impurities and oxides on the surface of cemented carbide, and can achieve a higher surface flatness and finish. However, this method requires attention to the selection of appropriate polishing liquid and operating conditions to avoid corrosion and damage to the cemented carbide material. At the same time, chemical polishing has a certain pollution risk to the environment, and attention should be paid to the treatment of waste liquid.
3.Grinding and polishing: 
Grinding and polishing is a method of improving the surface quality of cemented carbide by grinding and polishing the surface of the material. Common grinding and polishing methods include grinding paper, grinding cloth and grinding liquid. First, select suitable grinding paper or grinding cloth and fix it on the grinding equipment. Then, the cemented carbide material is contacted with abrasive paper or abrasive cloth, and the unevenness on the surface of the material is gradually removed by friction to achieve the polishing effect. The grinding fluid can reduce wear and thermal damage by providing lubrication and cooling during the grinding process.
The advantages of grinding and polishing are simple operation, low cost, and good surface quality. However, this method requires the selection of suitable grinding materials and grinding fluids according to the hardness and surface roughness of the cemented carbide, and the force and speed during the grinding process need to be controlled to avoid excessive wear or thermal damage.
4.Ultrasonic polishing:
Ultrasonic polishing is a method of improving the surface quality of cemented carbide using ultrasonic vibration. This method removes the unevenness and impurities on the surface by immersing the cemented carbide material in an ultrasonic conductive liquid and using the vibration force and impact of the ultrasonic wave. Ultrasonic polishing has the advantages of fast polishing speed, high efficiency, and good surface quality. However, this method requires attention to the selection of appropriate ultrasonic frequency and intensity, and the polishing time needs to be controlled to avoid damage to the cemented carbide material.
Summary:
Mirror polishing of cemented carbide is a key processing technology that can improve the surface quality and finish of cemented carbide. Mechanical polishing, chemical polishing, grinding polishing and ultrasonic polishing are commonly used methods for cemented carbide mirror polishing. Each method has its advantages and disadvantages and scope of application, and the appropriate method needs to be selected according to the specific situation. When performing the polishing operation, it is necessary to pay attention to the selection of appropriate polishing materials, polishing liquids and operating parameters to ensure the ideal polishing effect. Finally, the waste liquid and waste generated during the polishing process of cemented carbide mirrors need to be properly handled to reduce pollution to the environment. 

### Is tungsten carbide a metal or a ceramic ?
Is tungsten carbide a metal or a ceramic ?
As an important engineering material, tungsten carbide (WC) plays an irreplaceable role in the industrial field. This silver-gray solid is known for its extremely high hardness and excellent wear resistance, and is widely used in cutting tools, molds, wear-resistant parts and other fields. However, there has been controversy in academia and industry about the essential properties of wolfram carbide: Is tungsten carbide a metal or a ceramic? This seemingly simple question actually involves the deep theory of materials science and reflects the complexity of the modern material classification system. Tungsten carbide is a compound of tungsten and carbon. It appears as a black hexagonal crystal with a metallic luster and is a good conductor of electricity and heat. Tungsten carbide is a type of carbon-based composite material.
1. Structural characteristics of tungsten carbide:
Tungsten carbide has a typical hexagonal crystal structure, in which tungsten atoms and carbon atoms are bonded by strong covalent bonds to form a stable lattice. This structure gives the material extremely high hardness and strength, and its hardness is second only to diamond and cubic boron nitride (CBN), reaching Mohs hardness level 9. In terms of chemical bond characteristics, tungsten carbide exhibits obvious covalent bond characteristics, which is essentially different from the metal bonds in traditional metal materials.
From the perspective of electronic structure, the electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity of tungsten carbide are between metal and ceramic. It has a certain electrical conductivity, but it is much lower than pure metal tungsten; at the same time, it maintains some characteristics of ceramic materials, such as high melting point and chemical stability. This unique electronic structure makes tungsten carbide present transitional characteristics in electrical properties.
In terms of physical properties, the density of tungsten carbide is as high as 15.63g/cm³, which is close to the density range of heavy metals. Its melting point reaches 2870℃, which is much higher than most metal materials. These characteristics reflect both certain characteristics of metal materials and the characteristics of ceramic materials.
2.Definition criteria of metal and ceramic:
Traditional metal materials usually have metallic luster, good electrical and thermal conductivity, ductility and plastic deformation ability. These characteristics originate from the metallic bond between metal atoms, which enables electrons to move freely in the lattice. These characteristics of metal materials constitute their basic physical and chemical properties.
Ceramic materials are characterized by their high hardness, high melting point, corrosion resistance and brittleness. The atoms in ceramics are mainly bound by ionic bonds or covalent bonds, and electrons are bound around atoms or ions and cannot move freely. This bonding method determines the basic properties of ceramic materials.
Modern materials science has put forward a new perspective on material classification. With the development of new materials, the traditional metal/ceramic binary classification system can no longer fully cover all material properties. The emergence of new materials such as composite materials and intermetallic compounds requires more flexible and inclusive standards for material classification.
3.Material property analysis of tungsten carbide:
From the chemical composition point of view, tungsten carbide is a compound composed of the metal element tungsten and the non-metallic element carbon. This composition makes it different from pure metals and traditional ceramics. In industrial applications, tungsten carbide is usually used in the form of cemented carbide, that is, it is bonded with metals such as cobalt, which further blurs the boundaries of its material properties.
In the material science classification system, tungsten carbide is classified as metal ceramic or cemented carbide. This classification reflects its transitional characteristics: it has some properties of metals and exhibits the properties of ceramics. In practical applications, the performance advantages of tungsten carbide are mainly reflected in its high hardness, wear resistance and chemical stability, which make it widely used in cutting processing, mining tools and other fields.
The unique properties of tungsten carbide are derived from its special crystal structure and chemical bond characteristics. Strong covalent bonds give it high hardness and strength, while some metallic bond characteristics allow it to maintain a certain degree of conductivity and toughness. This dual characteristic is the root of the value of tungsten carbide materials. The progress of materials science continues to challenge the traditional classification system. The controversy over the material properties of tungsten carbide reflects the development trend of modern materials science: material classification is no longer an either-or choice, but requires the establishment of more inclusive and flexible classification standards. In the future, with the continuous development of new material technology, we may need to redefine traditional material categories such as metals and ceramics, and establish a classification system that better reflects the essential characteristics of materials. The research and application experience of tungsten carbide will provide an important reference for this theoretical innovation.

### How to machine tungsten carbide
How to machine tungsten carbide
Cemented carbide materials are made of metal powder tungsten carbide powder and solid binders such as bonding metals such as cobalt, iron, nickel, etc. through pressing, sintering and other processes. They have high hardness (hardness range 86HRA-94HRA), high strength, high wear resistance and other excellent properties, so they are difficult to be processed by conventional cutting tools. How to machine tungsten carbide ? I will explain the cutting of cemented carbide and the cutting methods of cemented carbide bars and plates in detail through the following content.
I. Traditional cutting methods for cutting tungsten carbide and cemented carbide
Traditional cemented carbide cutting methods include grinding, electric spark, wire cutting and other methods, which are briefly introduced below.
1. Grinding method.
Grinding method is a commonly used cemented carbide cutting method, which can be cut using CBN grinding wheel, green silicon carbide grinding wheel and diamond grinding wheel. According to the toughness, hardness and wear resistance of cemented carbide, selecting appropriate cutting parameters and tools for grinding can obtain satisfactory cutting results. However, this method is suitable for small area cutting, and long-term grinding can easily lead to tool wear and low processing efficiency.
2. Electrospark machining of tungsten carbide.
Electrospark machining, also known as discharge machining or electro-erosion machining, uses the electro-corrosion phenomenon of pulse discharge between the tool electrode and the workpiece to erode excess metal to achieve the predetermined machining requirements for part size, shape and surface quality. This technology has the characteristics of non-contact machining and can achieve complex shapes and precision dimensions on high-hardness, high-brittleness, and difficult-to-machine materials.
(1). High-precision machining: Electrospark machining can achieve micron-level or even nano-level machining accuracy, meeting the high-precision requirements of cemented carbide parts.
(2). High surface quality: During the electrospark machining process, there is no direct contact between the tool electrode and the workpiece, avoiding the damage of the cutting force to the workpiece surface, so that a higher surface quality can be obtained.
(3). Complex shape machining: Electrospark machining is not limited by the hardness and brittleness of the material, and can process cemented carbide parts of various complex shapes and structures.
Although electrospark machining has many advantages in cemented carbide machining, it also has some limitations and challenges. First, the electrospark machining speed is relatively slow and the machining efficiency is low. Secondly, a large amount of electric energy and electrode materials are consumed during the EDM process, which is costly. In addition, EDM requires high equipment accuracy and stability, and is difficult to operate and maintain. This is commonly used for machine tungsten carbide blocks, EDM blocks for mould industry. And also cut tungsten carbide rods.
3. Wire cutting method for processing cemented carbide and tungsten carbide.
Wire cutting is a high-speed cutting technology. The electric spark generated by high-frequency current causes the linear cutting wire to enter the workpiece in a serrated manner and form tiny etchings on the surface of the workpiece. As the wire serrations are continuously removed, large-area cutting can be achieved. However, wire cutting has certain limitations. For example, the thickness, shape and size of the workpiece need to be within a certain range. As a conductor, cemented carbide can meet the requirements of wire cutting. According to the running speed of the electrode wire, EDM wire cutting machines are mainly divided into two categories: high-speed wire EDM wire cutting machines and low-speed wire EDM wire cutting machines. The former electrode wire (molybdenum wire) reciprocates at a high speed of 8-10m/s, and the processing speed is fast, but the electrode wire is easy to shake, which affects the processing quality; the latter electrode wire (copper wire) moves unidirectionally at a speed lower than 0.2m/s. The electrode wire is no longer used after discharge, and the work is more stable, the processing quality is better, but the processing speed is relatively slow. Compared with processing other mold materials, the processing productivity of cemented carbide on CNC wire cutting machine tools is the lowest. ‌ For thinner workpieces with a thickness of less than 20mm, wire cutting is relatively easy, and the surface quality and processing speed are ideal. ‌ For thicker workpieces with a thickness of more than 20mm, the processing difficulty increases, and wire breakage and unstable processing are prone to occur. Solutions include replacing thicker electrode wires, using more stable working fluids, and adjusting machine tool parameters. ‌ The maximum length of cemented carbide wire cutting can reach 600mm. Cemented carbide performs particularly well in slow wire cutting. Slow wire cutting has high processing accuracy and good surface quality, and is particularly suitable for processing cemented carbide parts with complex shapes and high precision requirements. Due to the high hardness and good wear resistance of cemented carbide materials, slow wire cutting can effectively avoid the loss of electrode wire, thereby extending the service life of electrode wire and improving processing efficiency. A lot of factories use this method to cut tungsten carbide rod.‌
II. Laser cutting method for machine wolfram carbide and cemented carbide
Laser cutting is a new type of cemented carbide cutting method that has emerged and developed rapidly in recent years, with the advantages of high efficiency, high precision and automation. When cutting cemented carbide, laser cutting can make the incision width less than 0.2mm, the cutting speed is fast, and it has obvious advantages in cutting quality and efficiency.
However, there are also some problems with laser cutting. For example, the high temperature generated during the cutting process can easily cause material deformation, damage and defects. At the same time, the price of laser cutting equipment is relatively high and is not suitable for mass production.
III. Ultrasonic cutting method for processing tungsten carbide and cemented carbide.
‌Ultrasonic processing is processed by high-frequency vibration, and its frequency is usually above 20kHz. During the processing process, the sound waves generated by ultrasound make the processing tool vibrate at an extremely high speed, thereby producing high-speed cutting, friction, grinding and loss at the microscopic level to achieve the processing of the workpiece‌. Ultrasonic machining is widely used in the cutting of cemented carbide materials because of its high efficiency, high precision, high surface finish and suitability for difficult-to-process materials.
Principles and advantages of ultrasonic cutting of cemented carbide:
Ultrasonic machining cuts through high-frequency vibration and has the following advantages:
High efficiency: Ultrasonic vibration is high-speed and has a small action area, so the workpiece can be processed in a very short time.
High precision: Since the vibration is very small, a very high processing accuracy can be obtained.
High surface finish: The small action area makes the surface finish high, reducing the subsequent processing steps.
Applicable to difficult-to-process materials: Since ultrasonic machining does not require a large amount of heat to be generated, difficult-to-process materials can be processed in a relatively short time.
IV. Summary
How to machine tungsten carbide ? Different cemented carbide cutting methods have their advantages and disadvantages and scope of application. Traditional cutting methods are suitable for small-area cutting and small-batch processing, while laser cutting methods are more suitable for large-area cutting, high-efficiency and high-precision processing. Therefore, it is crucial to choose the right cutting method according to different processing requirements and material properties.

### Hard metal YG11
Hard metal YG11 for dies and drilling tools
Hard metal YG11 is a type of die steel, specifically a tungsten carbide type of hard metal. The following is a detailed introduction to hard metal YG11:
1.Basic characteristics Chemical composition:
YG11 is mainly composed of wolfram carbide (WC) and cobalt (Co), of which the content of WC is about 89% and the content of Co is about 11%. This chemical composition makes YG11 have excellent hardness and wear resistance.
The following are the specific properties of hard metal YG11:
           WC        CoGrain size    (μm)Hardness       (HRA)Density       (g/cm³)TRS     (N/mm²)coefficient of thermal expansionElastic Modulus（GPa）           89%         11%      1.2-1.6‌       86.5       14.40        24506.5X10^-6 /℃        410
2. Performance advantages consistent hardness inside and outside:
YG11 hardmetal does not undergo heat treatment, and its hardness inside and outside is uniform, which makes it easier to achieve the required shape and dimensional accuracy during the manufacturing process. The hardness of YG11 is very high, usually greater than or equal to 86.5HRA. This high hardness allows YG11 to maintain the stability of its shape and size when subjected to high pressure. Excellent wear resistance: Because YG11 contains a high proportion of tungsten carbide, it has excellent wear resistance. This wear resistance allows YG11 to maintain its performance stability during long-term use. High strength: YG11 has a moderate cobalt content, which gives it sufficient strength and toughness to withstand greater impact and vibration.
3. Main uses Making stamping dies:
YG11 is very suitable for making stamping dies, especially for stamping silicon steel sheets, Q195, SPCC and other materials. Its high hardness and wear resistance make the mold less likely to wear during use, thereby extending the service life of the mold. Making wear-resistant parts: YG11 can also be used to make parts that require good wear resistance, such as cutting tools, hard metal teeth and picks of mining tools, drilling tools, etc.
4. Production process:
The production process of YG11 hard metal usually includes batching, mixing, crushing, drying, screening, adding molding agent, re-drying, screening to obtain a mixture, mixed granulation, pressing, isostatic sintering, and inspection of the blank after sintering. These steps ensure the quality and stability of YG11 hard metal.
In summary, YG11 is a metal-ceramic composite material with high hardness and strong wear resistance, which is widely used in metal processing, mold manufacturing, mining drilling tools and other fields. Its parameter data include density, hardness, flexural strength, longitudinal elastic modulus and carbon content, etc., with excellent mechanical properties. With its excellent performance, YG11C provides solid support for industrial production in various fields. 

### What is carbide made of ? And its uses.
What is carbide made of
I.Definition of carbide:
Carbides refer to binary compounds formed by carbon and elements with smaller or similar electronegativity (except hydrogen), just like a small group of carbon and other elements. It can combine with many elements to form different types of carbides, such as metal elements, such as iron, manganese, and chromium. When they combine with carbon, they will produce various wonderful reactions and form carbides of various properties. Carbides have a high melting point, and most carbides are obtained by the reaction of carbon and metal at high temperatures.
According to the properties of the elements, they are divided into metal carbides and non-metal carbides. Calcium carbide (CaC2, commonly known as calcium carbide), chromium carbide (Cr4C3), tantalum carbide (TaC), vanadium carbide (VC), zirconium carbide (ZrC), tungsten carbide (WC), etc. are all metal carbides.
Boron carbide (B4C), silicon carbide (SiC), etc. are non-metal carbides.
II. Common carbide types:
1. Ionic carbides:
Ionic carbides are generally composed of metal elements with low electronegativity and carbon elements, and are easily hydrolyzed. There are many types of carbides. According to the different metal elements, they can be divided into alkali metal carbides and alkaline earth metal carbides. According to the different types of carbon bonds, they can be divided into three categories: acetylates, containing carbon dumbbell pairs, for example, CaC2, Li2C2, ZnC2.
2.Covalent carbides In covalent carbides, the atoms are connected by covalent bonds. Silicon carbide (SiC) is a typical covalent carbide. It has very high hardness, high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance and good chemical stability. It plays an important role in some places where high hardness and high wear-resistant materials are required, such as making sandpaper and cutting tools.
3. Metallic carbides This is a carbide formed by carbon and metal, such as titanium carbide (TiC) and tungsten carbide (WC). It has high hardness, high melting point and good chemical stability, and is not easy to evaporate and oxidize at high temperatures. Tungsten carbide is mainly used to make high-hardness, high-strength and wear-resistant metal ceramic materials, such as cutting tools, drills, milling cutters, turning tools, etc. In addition, tungsten carbide is also used to make structural materials for kilns, jet engines, gas turbines, carbide nozzles, stamping die, wear-resistant parts, etc. ‌
III. Factors affecting carbide types What determines which type of carbide will be formed? In fact, the electronegativity of the element plays a big role. If the electronegativity of the two elements is quite different, it is easier to form ionic carbides; if the electronegativity is not much different, covalent or metallic carbides may be formed. And the reaction conditions are also very important. Temperature and pressure will affect the type of carbide.
IV. Application of carbides in life Carbides are everywhere in our lives. In addition to the industrial applications mentioned above, it also appears in the jewelry industry. For example, titanium carbide (TiC), it can be made into a golden coating to make the jewelry look more gorgeous. And in automobile manufacturing, some special carbides can be used to improve the performance of the engine and make the car run faster and more stable. Carbides also play a role in the electronic products we use in our daily lives. They may be in circuit boards or some tiny parts, silently playing their role. 
Our company is among China’s top ten cemented carbide manufacturers. Should you require cemented carbide products, please contact us.

### Is tungsten carbide brittle
Is tungsten carbide brittle
1.Characteristics of tungsten carbide:
Tungsten carbide has the advantages of high hardness, high strength, high wear resistance, and high temperature resistance, and is an important cutting tool material. However, tungsten carbide also has shortcomings, mainly manifested in low toughness and brittleness.
2.Internal stress concentration:
Tungsten carbide is obtained by high-temperature sintering of metal powder and carbide powder. In this process, due to the different thermal expansion coefficients of the materials, intrinsic stress is formed. When the tungsten carbide material is processed and formed, if the internal stress is not reasonably eliminated, these stresses will be concentrated in the material, causing problems such as cracking and delamination of the material, which will make the tungsten carbide brittle.
3.Grain boundary cracking:
Grain boundaries are the weak links in tungsten carbide and the places where the material is prone to cracking. When the tungsten carbide material is in a high temperature state, due to the small molecular spacing of the material at the grain boundary, it is easy to bend and break the grain boundary. In actual processing applications, if the cutting force is too large and the temperature is too high, the grain boundary of the tungsten carbide material will be more easily damaged.
4.Influence of processing technology:
The processing technology of tungsten carbide will also affect its strength and toughness. For example, excessive heat treatment, excessive cooling, overloading, etc. during processing will affect the mechanical properties of tungsten carbide. In addition, different cutting processing methods, the selection of cutting parameters, etc. will also have a certain impact on the strength and toughness of tungsten carbide materials.
In short, the main reasons for the brittleness of tungsten carbide include problems such as intrinsic stress concentration and grain boundary cracking. In order to improve the mechanical properties of tungsten carbide materials, it is necessary to strengthen the control and optimization of the material preparation process and processing technology to improve the toughness and durability of the material. 

### How is tungsten carbide made
How is tungsten carbide made
Tungsten carbide (WC) is a material with extremely high hardness, which is often used to make industrial products such as cutting tools, molds and abrasives. The production process of tungsten carbide mainly includes steps such as raw material preparation, mixing, drying, sintering and post-processing. How is tungsten carbide made ? I will explain in detail through the following process.
1. Material preparation:
First, raw material preparation is the first step in the production of tungsten carbide. Generally, powder metallurgy is used to mix tungsten powder and carbon powder in a certain proportion. Tungsten powder is prepared by ore dressing, refining and crushing with tungsten ore as raw material. Carbon powder is prepared by carbonization reaction with graphite as raw material.
2.Powder mixing:
Then, mixing is to mix tungsten powder and carbon powder according to a certain formula ratio. There are two common ways of mixing. One is mechanical mixing, which is to put tungsten powder and carbon powder into a ball mill for mixing so that tungsten powder and carbon powder are evenly distributed; the other is wet mixing, which is to mix tungsten powder and carbon powder with organic complexing agent respectively, and then mix them.
3.Pressing and molding：
Put the mixed tungsten carbon powder into a mold for pressing and molding. During the pressing process, the pressure and time need to be controlled to ensure that the density and shape of the molded parts meet the requirements. The next step is the drying process, in which the mixed tungsten carbon powder is dried at high temperature to remove residual moisture. Drying can be carried out in an oven or a drying chamber, and the temperature and time are controlled according to the specific process requirements.
4.Sintering:
Sintering is one of the key steps in the production of tungsten carbide. The dried tungsten carbon powder is sintered into blocks by heating at high temperature. The sintering temperature is generally between 1400℃ and 1600℃, and it needs to be maintained for a certain period of time so that the tungsten powder and carbon powder react chemically to form tungsten carbide.
5.Post-processing：
After sintering, post-processing is also required, mainly including heat treatment and mechanical processing. Heat treatment is to anneal or over-burn the sintered body to adjust the material properties and reduce internal stress. Mechanical processing is to cut, turn, grind and other processes on the heat-treated tungsten carbide to make it a final product that meets the requirements.
In general, the production process of tungsten carbide includes several main steps such as raw material preparation, mixing, drying, sintering and post-processing. By reasonably controlling the parameters and process requirements of these steps, tungsten carbide materials with stable quality can be obtained.

### How to make cemented carbide
How to make cemented carbide
The production process of cemented carbide is a comprehensive and complex manufacturing process, which requires material preparation, powder mixing, molding, sintering, post-processing and other links. The following will introduce the production process of cemented carbide and the process operation of each link in detail.
1. Material preparation:
The main materials for the production of cemented carbide are tungsten powder, cobalt powder and carbide powder. Tungsten powder, as the main component of cemented carbide, has the advantages of high hardness and high density; cobalt powder, as a bonding phase, plays a role in enhancing the toughness and ductility of the alloy; carbide powder is another main component in cemented carbide, which improves the hardness and wear resistance of the alloy. In the material preparation stage, various raw materials need to be prepared according to the requirements of the alloy formula, and their quality and proportion must be strictly controlled. Among them, the particle size, purity, shape and other parameters of tungsten powder and cobalt powder have an important influence on the performance of cemented carbide, and need to be precisely screened and selected.
2. Powder mixing:
It is a key link in the preparation of cemented carbide to mix tungsten powder, cobalt powder and carbide powder evenly according to a certain formula ratio. Through powder mixing, various raw materials can be fully mixed to ensure that the composition of the final alloy is uniform. The powder mixing process usually adopts mechanical mixing, that is, the raw materials are placed in a ball mill and other equipment for dry mixing or wet mixing. During the mixing process, it is necessary to control parameters such as mixing time, speed and temperature to ensure that the mixing effect reaches the best state.
3. Forming:
The forming process of cemented carbide mainly includes two steps: pressing and forming. Pressing is to press the mixed powder through a mold to form a dense blank. Forming is to make the final shape of the alloy through a mold, which can be different shapes such as cemented carbide plates, cemented carbide round bars, carbide cylinders, etc. In the forming process of cemented carbide, it is necessary to consider the control of parameters such as pressure, temperature, and speed to ensure the forming quality of the alloy. In addition, the blank after forming needs to be annealed to eliminate the stress generated during the forming process and improve the yield and density of the alloy.
4. Sintering:
Sintering is the core process link of cemented carbide production. Through high-temperature sintering, elements such as tungsten, cobalt, and carbon react to form a strong binding phase to achieve the hardness and wear resistance of cemented carbide. The sintering temperature is generally between 1300℃ and 1600℃, and the sintering time and atmosphere also affect the performance of the alloy. During the sintering process, the alloy also needs to be cooled, annealed and other treatments to improve the stability and wear resistance of the alloy. At the same time, the sintering furnace needs to be periodically inspected and maintained to ensure the stability and controllability of the sintering process.
5. Post-processing:
After the production of cemented carbide is completed, post-processing processes are required, including polishing, cleaning, and testing. Polishing is to improve the surface finish and precision of the alloy; cleaning is to remove surface dirt and impurities to ensure the service life and performance of the alloy; testing is to test the physical properties and chemical composition of the alloy to ensure the stability of the product quality. 
In addition, cemented carbide also needs to undergo subsequent processing procedures such as cutting, engraving, and packaging to finally form a finished product. In the post-processing process, attention should be paid to environmental protection and energy saving, and reasonable process flow and equipment should be adopted to reduce energy consumption and waste emissions. In general, the production process of cemented carbide is a meticulous and tedious process, which requires close cooperation of all links, reasonable process flow, accurate process parameters, and stable equipment operation, in order to produce cemented carbide products with stable quality and excellent performance. I hope that the above text can help you understand the production process of cemented carbide.

### Applications and characteristics of cemented carbide in the pump industry
Applications and characteristics of cemented carbide in the pump industry
Cemented carbide, with its high wear resistance, corrosion resistance and high strength, plays a vital role in the pump industry. This article will explore in depth the application scenarios, specific advantages and contribution of cemented carbide to the improvement of pump performance in the pump industry.
Overview of cemented carbide:
Cemented carbide, also known as metal ceramics, is a composite material made of hard compounds of refractory metals (such as tungsten carbide WC, titanium carbide TiC, etc.) and bonding metals (such as cobalt Co, nickel Ni, etc.) through powder metallurgy. It combines the advantages of metal and ceramic, has high hardness, high strength, high wear resistance, high corrosion resistance and good thermal stability, and is known as the "industrial teeth".
Application of cemented:
Carbide in the pump industry In the pump industry, cemented carbide is mainly used to manufacture key components of pumps, such as impellers, pump casings, sealing rings, bearings, etc., to improve the wear resistance, corrosion resistance and service life of the pump. The following are several typical application scenarios of cemented carbide in the pump industry:
Impeller: Carbide impellers can withstand the wear caused by high-speed rotation and medium impact, significantly improving the wear resistance and service life of the pump. Carbide impellers are particularly suitable for pumps that transport abrasive media (such as gravel and ore particles).
Pump casing: Carbide pump casings can resist corrosion and erosion of the medium and protect the internal structure of the pump from damage. In pumps that handle corrosive media (such as acids, alkalis, and salts), carbide pump casings can effectively extend the service life of the pump.
Sealing ring: Carbide sealing rings have good wear resistance and corrosion resistance, which can ensure a close fit between the pump shaft and the pump casing to prevent medium leakage. In high-pressure, high-temperature and corrosive media environments, carbide sealing rings can provide reliable sealing performance.
Bearings: Carbide bearings can withstand the wear caused by high loads and high-speed rotation, ensuring the stable operation of the pump. In pumps that need to withstand heavy loads and high-speed rotation, carbide bearings can significantly improve the reliability and service life of the pump.
Characteristics of cemented carbide in the pump industry:
The application of cemented carbide in the pump industry has brought significant performance improvements and advantages, which are mainly reflected in the following aspects:
High wear resistance: Cemented carbide has high hardness and can resist medium wear and erosion, significantly improving the wear resistance and service life of the pump.
High corrosion resistance: Cemented carbide has good corrosion resistance to a variety of corrosive media and can maintain stable performance under harsh working conditions.
High strength: Cemented carbide has high strength and toughness, can withstand the stress caused by high load and high-speed rotation, and ensure the stable operation of the pump.
Good thermal stability: Cemented carbide can maintain stable performance in high temperature environment, is not easy to deform or fail, and is suitable for the transportation of high temperature media.
Long life: Due to the excellent wear resistance, corrosion resistance and high strength characteristics of cemented carbide, it can significantly improve the service life of the pump and reduce the cost of maintenance and replacement.
Application field of cemented carbide pump Cemented carbide pumps are widely used in many fields due to their excellent performance, including but not limited to:
Petrochemical: used to transport corrosive media and high-temperature media such as crude oil, natural gas, acid, alkali, etc.
Metallurgical mines: used to transport abrasive media, such as ore particles, gravel, etc.
Environmental water treatment: used to treat corrosive wastewater and high-concentration wastewater, such as copper-containing wastewater, industrial wastewater, etc.
Power industry: used to transport high-temperature and high-pressure media, such as boiler feed water, condensate, etc.
Conclusion The application of cemented carbide in the pump industry not only improves the wear resistance, corrosion resistance and service life of the pump, but also reduces the cost of maintenance and replacement, making important contributions to the performance improvement and energy conservation and emission reduction of the pump industry. With the continuous advancement of science and technology and the continuous changes in the needs of the pump industry, the application areas and performance advantages of cemented carbide pumps will continue to expand and upgrade, injecting new vitality into the sustainable development of the pump industry.

### Is tungsten carbide strong
Is tungsten carbide strong
‌Tungsten carbide is very strong and has extremely high hardness and strength. With a Mohs hardness of 8.5 to 9.5, tungsten carbide is one of the hardest materials known. Its melting point is as high as 2870°C and its boiling point is 6000°C, which allows tungsten carbide to maintain good performance in high temperature environments. In addition, the density of tungsten carbide is 15.63 g/cm3, which is twice the density of steel. These characteristics allow tungsten carbide to maintain good performance in high temperature and high pressure environments.
Physical properties of tungsten carbide ‌Hardness‌:
Tungsten carbide is second only to diamond in hardness and is one of the hardest materials known.
‌Melting point and boiling point‌:
The melting point is 2870°C and the boiling point is 6000°C.
‌Density‌: 15.63 g/cm3‌.
‌Modulus of elasticity‌: about 530-700GPa‌.
‌Compressive strength‌: about 2.7GPa‌.
Tungsten carbide has extremely high hardness, second only to diamond, and has excellent wear resistance. It is widely used in cutting tools, wear-resistant parts and other fields. Tungsten carbide, this seemingly unfamiliar name, is actually a shining pearl in the industry. It has conquered the hearts of countless engineers with its excellent hardness and wear resistance, and has become an important material for manufacturing high-precision and high-wear-resistant products. So, Is tungsten carbide strong ? How strong is tungsten carbide?
The mystery of the hardness of tungsten carbide. Tungsten carbide has extremely high hardness, second only to diamond, and is hard to beat in nature. Its hardness is not only due to its unique crystal structure, but also related to the close combination between tungsten and carbon. This combination enables tungsten carbide to effectively disperse and resist pressure when subjected to external forces, thereby maintaining the stability of its structure.
The way to wear resistance of tungsten carbide. In addition to high hardness, wear resistance of tungsten carbide is also another major feature of it. During the friction process, tungsten carbide can maintain a small amount of wear and maintain its excellent performance for a long time. This wear resistance makes tungsten carbide widely used in cutting tools, wear-resistant parts and other fields.
Application of tungsten carbide in the industrial field. The robustness of tungsten carbide makes it have important applications in many industrial fields. For example, in terms of cutting tools, tungsten carbide blades can efficiently cut various materials and improve production efficiency; in terms of wear-resistant parts, bearings, gears and other parts made of tungsten carbide can withstand high-intensity friction and wear, and extend the service life of the equipment. In addition, tungsten carbide is also widely used in oil drilling, aerospace and other fields. In oil drilling, tungsten carbide drill bits can maintain stable performance under extreme conditions and improve drilling efficiency; in the aerospace field, the high temperature stability and corrosion resistance of tungsten carbide make it an ideal material for manufacturing engine and rocket parts.
 Future prospects of tungsten carbide. With the continuous development of science and technology, the application fields of tungsten carbide are also expanding. In the future, we can expect tungsten carbide to play its unique advantages in more fields and contribute more to the development of human society. In general, tungsten carbide has become a shining pearl in the industrial field with its excellent hardness and wear resistance. Its robustness not only amazes us, but also makes us full of expectations for its future applications. I believe that in the days to come, tungsten carbide will continue to write its legendary story. 

### Characteristics and applications of cemented carbide round bars
Characteristics and applications of cemented carbide round bars
Carbide round bars have high hardness, excellent wear resistance and good thermal stability, and is widely used in cutting tools, molds, wear-resistant parts and other fields.
Basic characteristics of cemented carbide round bar materials:
Carbide round bar materials occupy an important position in industrial production due to their excellent physical properties. This material is mainly made of refractory metal carbides (such as tungsten carbide, titanium carbide) and metal binders (such as cobalt, nickel) pressed and sintered by powder metallurgy methods. Its notable features include high hardness, excellent wear resistance and good thermal stability. These properties make cemented carbide round bar materials ideal for manufacturing high-performance cutting tools, molds and wear-resistant parts.
Cemented carbide bars grades:
Grade      ISO Grade WC(%)   Co  (%)Grain Size      (μm)Hardness（HRA）   Density  （g/cm³）    TRS   （N/mm²）BU06K05-K109460.594   14.75       3600YG10XK20 – K3090100.891.514.35      3600BT15K20 – K3090100.792.214.35      3900BT20K20 – K3090100.692.314.4    4000BT25K30 – K4088120.692.514.1     4000BT25UFK30 – K4088120.492.814.05    4200
Application fields of cemented carbide round bars:
Tool manufacturing: The high hardness and wear resistance of cemented carbide make it an ideal material for manufacturing cutting tools. Whether for turning tools, milling cutters or drills, carbide round bars offer excellent cutting performance and a long service life. If you plan to make milling cutters for stainless steel, I would highly recommend grade BT25UF. This one is a high-end grade.
Mold industry: In mold manufacturing, cemented carbide round rods are favored for their high strength and wear resistance. It can be used to make stamping molds, die-casting molds, etc. to ensure that the mold maintains high precision and stability during long-term use.
Wear-resistant parts: Carbide round rods are also widely used in the manufacture of various wear-resistant parts, such as shafts, pins, gears, etc. These parts can still maintain good performance in harsh working environments, effectively extending the service life of the equipment.
Future development of cemented carbide round bars:
With the continuous advancement of science and technology and the growing industrial demand, carbide round bar materials will continue to play a key role. In the future, with the continuous development of new material technology, the performance of cemented carbide is expected to be further improved, bringing more possibilities to the industrial field. In short, cemented carbide round bar materials occupy a pivotal position in modern industry with their unique physical properties and wide range of applications. Whether it is tool manufacturing, mold industry or the production of wear-resistant parts, carbide round bars have shown their indispensable value. 

### YG20 tungsten carbide material
YG20 tungsten carbide material and its uses
YG20 tungsten carbide material is a WC-Co alloy, which is made of 1.6um medium-fine grain high-quality alloy powder. Its alloy composition is mainly tungsten carbide (WC), and the cobalt (Co) content is 20%. The tungsten carbide material made by powder metallurgy has good impact toughness and electrical processing properties. It is suitable for making powder pressing molds and tungsten carbide material cold heading molds and tungsten carbide material molds with complex cavities.
YG20 grade performance parameters:
WCCoGrain size    (μm)Hardness(HRA)Density(g/cm³)TRS     (N/mm²)80%20%1.6‌85-8713.4-13.82500
YG20 performance and use:
Mold manufacturing:
YG20 tungsten carbide material is suitable for making various high-precision molds, such as cold punching molds, cold heading molds, cold extrusion molds, etc., especially suitable for making powder pressing molds and molds with complex cavities. The life of molds and measuring tools made of cemented carbide is 20 to 150 times higher than that of alloy tool steel.
Cutting tools: 
Its high hardness and wear resistance make it an ideal material for making cutting tools, such as straight cutters, circular cutters, special-shaped cutters, etc., which are widely used in metal cutting, mining and oil mining. Carbide tools have a cutting speed 4 to 7 times higher than high-speed steel, and a tool life 5 to 80 times higher. Generally, it can cut metal materials within 60HRC.
Precision parts: 
YG20 tungsten carbide material is also suitable for manufacturing precision parts, such as watch parts, musical instrument springs, battery shells and toothpaste tube molds, which require materials with high wear resistance and high precision.
YG20 processing: tungsten carbide material is brittle due to its high hardness. Whether it is used, transported or processed, it is forbidden to knock or throw it. It is easy to cause safety accidents, which will cause personal injury and property loss. In order to avoid such unnecessary losses. We remind our customers to pay great attention when using tungsten carbide material.
The specific precautions are as follows:
Precautions during cutting and grinding： 
Tungsten carbide material is prone to cracking and corner collapse under impact and excessive processing load. Cemented carbide must be firmly fixed on the workbench before processing.
Tungsten carbide material has extremely low magnetism. Non-magnetic cemented carbide has no magnetism at all. Please do not use magnets to fix cemented carbide. Please use fixtures to fix it. Please confirm again whether the workpiece is loose before processing. If so, please fix the workpiece until it is firmly fixed.
The processing surface of tungsten carbide material after cutting and grinding will be very smooth, and the corners are very sharp. Please pay attention to safety when carrying and using it.
Cemented carbide is an extremely hard and brittle material. It is afraid of impact. It is strictly forbidden to hit cemented carbide with a metal hammer.
Precautions during discharge and wire cutting: 
Tungsten carbide material has high hardness and high wear resistance. The operation process will be relatively slow during discharge and wire cutting.
The surface of tungsten carbide material after EDM is most likely to crack and chip, so please adjust the processing procedure according to the use conditions of the product.
Tungsten carbide material often cracks during wire-electrode cutting, so please confirm that the processed surface is free of defects after processing before proceeding to the next process.
Precautions during welding processing: 
Please select the appropriate welding/welding processing plan according to the requirements.
 Tungsten carbide material is prone to cracks during welding. Please confirm that the processed surface is not damaged after processing before proceeding to the next process.
When the scattered materials (welding iron) generated during welding operation adhere to the cemented carbide, the alloy is prone to cracking due to rapid heating and cooling, so please be especially careful when doing welding operations.

### Is tungsten carbide magnetic ?
Is tungsten carbide magnetic ​?
Is tungsten carbide magnetic ? Tungsten carbide is not a magnetic material and does not have magnetism. 
Overview of tungsten carbide：
Tungsten carbide is a compound composed of tungsten and carbon, with the chemical formula WC. It has a black hexagonal crystal structure, metallic luster, the hardness of cemented carbide is second only to that of diamond. It is a good conductor of electricity and heat. The melting point of tungsten carbide is 2870℃, the boiling point is 6000℃, and the density is 15.63 g/cm³. It is insoluble in water, hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid, but easily soluble in a mixed acid of nitric acid and hydrofluoric acid. It has excellent properties such as high hardness and wear resistance, and is widely used in the fields of mechanical processing and manufacturing. Tungsten carbide can be made into tools and parts of different shapes and sizes, such as carbide drills, milling heads, cutting tools, wear-resistant parts of mining machinery, wear-resistant parts of equipment in the petroleum and chemical industries, etc. ‌
Magnetic properties of tungsten carbide:
Tungsten carbide has a very high melting point and hardness, but it is not a magnetic material and does not have magnetism. Although some reports have shown that tungsten carbide exhibits magnetism under certain conditions, this magnetism is very weak and is not a characteristic of tungsten carbide itself.
Application of tungsten carbide:
Tungsten carbide belongs to cemented carbide materials, which are materials with tungsten and carbide as the main components. Because tungsten carbide has many excellent properties, such as high hardness, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, high temperature stability, etc., it has been widely used in the manufacturing industry. Tungsten carbide can be made into tools of various shapes and sizes, such as drills and cutters, with extremely high cutting ability and wear resistance. In addition, tungsten carbide can also be used to manufacture parts such as pistons and valves of automobile engines, as well as to provide high-strength and high-toughness materials in industries such as stamping and forming.
Conclusion:
In general tungsten carbide is not a magnetic material, and its magnetism is very weak. It has many excellent properties, such as high hardness and wear resistance, and has been widely used in the manufacturing industry and other fields. 
Our company is among China’s top ten tungsten carbide products manufacturers. Should you require cemented carbide products, please contact us.

### Tungsten carbide nozzles functions and features
Tungsten carbide nozzles functions and features
Carbide molds are a common mold, and the nozzle part of the tungsten carbide material is used. So what are the tungsten carbide nozzles functions and features? This article will introduce this.
Carbide nozzle function: Tungsten carbide nozzles are one of the main parts in the mold, and their functions are mainly as follows:
Design of nozzle cavity type: The shape and size of tungsten carbide nozzles are designed according to product requirements, and the molten plastic slurry can be extruded according to the product as needed to form the required shape of the product. Through the combined design of the nozzle, different shapes can be achieved.
Control flow and temperature: In mold production, molten plastic is usually introduced into the mold nozzle through a pipe and then pressed into shape. tungsten carbide nozzles can help control flow and temperature, so that the accuracy of extrudates and details can be better controlled and enhanced.
Improve durability and service life: Tungsten carbide nozzles have good strength and wear resistance, enabling them to maintain relatively strong durability and service life in long-term use. If nozzles made of other materials are used, they may need to be replaced more frequently, resulting in higher maintenance costs and production downtime.
Features of tungsten carbide nozzles: Tungsten carbide nozzles have many features, some of the important ones are as follows:
High temperature resistance: Tungsten carbide nozzles can withstand high temperature and high pressure environments, making them a part of the mold that affects production. Tungsten carbide nozzles can not only improve production efficiency, but also achieve high production quality and industrial safety.
Good wear resistance: Tungsten carbide nozzles have good wear resistance, enabling them to withstand extrusion under high pressure and high temperature environments. Because the surface of the carbide nozzle is inlaid with extremely small particles of tungsten carbide and cobalt carbide, its wear resistance is higher than any other material.
Adjustability: The features of carbide nozzle materials enable it to cope with different production needs and thus meet different product requirements. tungsten carbide nozzles can be adjusted as needed to adjust the flow and temperature to achieve ideal production results.
High production efficiency: The durability and adjustment performance of tungsten carbide nozzles make production and operation more efficient. This also brings a lot of economic benefits to the enterprise.
Summary tungsten carbide nozzles play a very important role in mold industry. Their main function is to control flow and temperature and improve mold life and production efficiency. tungsten carbide nozzles have the properties of high wear resistance, high temperature resistance and adjustability, which also brings better benefits to production and operation. 

### Best tungsten steel YG15 for mould industry
Tungsten steel YG15 for mould industry
YG15 tungsten steel is a type of die steel, specifically tungsten carbide type tungsten steel. Without heat treatment, the hardness inside and outside is uniform. It is used for large-scale production, has excellent strength and toughness, and is suitable for making drawing dies, wear-resistant parts and stamping accessories, and tungsten steel automatic press cores.
YG15 grade performance parameters:
WCCoGrain size    (μm)Hardness(HRA)Density(g/cm³)TRS     (N/mm²)85%15%1.6‌87142500
The performance characteristics of YG15 tungsten steel are mainly reflected in the following aspects:
High hardness: The hardness of YG15 tungsten steel can reach HRC65-70, which makes it have high wear resistance when processing high hardness materials. 
High wear resistance: Due to the high content of tungsten and cobalt in YG15 tungsten steel, it has good wear resistance during processing.
High compressive strength: YG15 tungsten steel has high compressive strength, which makes it have good stability in high pressure and high temperature processing.
Corrosion resistance: The metal binder in YG15 tungsten steel has good corrosion resistance, which makes it able to resist the erosion of various corrosive media during processing.
The application fields of YG15 tungsten steel are very wide, mainly including the following aspects:
Mechanical processing: YG15 tungsten steel is widely used in various mechanical processing fields, such as cutting, drilling, boring, planing, etc.
Mold manufacturing: YG15 tungsten steel has good wear resistance and compressive strength, and can be used to manufacture various molds to improve the service life of the mold.
Mining drilling: The high wear resistance and corrosion resistance of YG15 tungsten steel make it widely used in the field of mining drilling.
Aerospace: YG15 tungsten steel also has certain applications in the field of aerospace, such as the manufacture of engine blades, turbine discs and other components.
 In order to ensure the quality and performance of YG15 tungsten steel, China has formulated a series of standards for YG15 tungsten steel. These standards include requirements for the chemical composition, physical properties, mechanical properties, heat treatment and other aspects of tungsten steel.
Processing precautions:
Tungsten steel is prone to cracking and chipping under impact and excessive processing load. Cemented carbide must be firmly fixed on the workbench before processing. 
Tungsten steel has extremely low magnetism, and non-magnetic cemented carbide has no magnetism at all. Please do not use magnets to fix cemented carbide. Please use fixtures to fix it. Please confirm again whether the workpiece is loose before processing. If so, please fix the workpiece until it is firmly fixed.

### Tungsten carbide vs titanium​ and their performance and uses
Tungsten carbide vs titanium​ and their performance and uses.
Metal materials are one of the materials widely used in industrial production and daily life.  Among the many metal materials, there is a metal material known as the "most wear-resistant" that has attracted much attention. This metal material has excellent wear resistance and can maintain a stable surface state in harsh environments. It has been widely used and favored.
First of all, one of the most wear-resistant metal materials is tungsten carbide. Tungsten carbide is a compound composed of tungsten and carbon with extremely high hardness and wear resistance. For example, rods and tungsten carbide rods and tungsten carbide plates are usually used as tool materials such as knives, drills, abrasives, and stamping dies. They can maintain good wear resistance under high-speed friction and heavy load conditions, so they are widely used in mechanical processing, mining and other fields.
The following table is the performance table of tungsten carbide:
WCCoGrain size    (μm)Hardness(HRA)Density(g/cm³)TRS     (Mpa)70%-97%3%-30%0.2-7.9‌82-9413-161000-3000
Secondly, titanium alloy is also a metal material with excellent wear resistance. Titanium alloy has good corrosion resistance and high strength, as well as high hardness and wear resistance, so it is widely used in aerospace, shipbuilding, medical equipment and other fields. The wear resistance of titanium alloy enables it to maintain stable performance in harsh environments, and has received widespread attention and application.
The following table is the performance table of titanium alloy:
Density(g/cm³)Tensile (Mpa)Yield    (Mpa)Elastic Modulus(GPa)CTE((10^-6/K))λ   (W/(m·K))4.43830-880750-790‌110-1148.4-8.76.7-7.2
Thirdly, Chemical formula: TiC (Titanium Carbide), molecular weight: 59.89. Gray metallic solid with a face-centered cubic lattice. Melting point: 3140±90 °C, boiling point: 4820 °C, relative density: 4.93. Hardness greater than 9. Insoluble in water, soluble in nitric acid and aqua regia. Stable in air below 800 °C, eroded by air above 2000 °C, and reacts with pure O₂ at 1150 °C. Preparation: Obtained by the high-temperature reaction of a mixture of titanium powder (derived from the hydrogen reduction of TiO₂) and carbon, or by heating compacted blocks of TiO₂ and carbon powder in an electric furnace at 2300-2700 °C under an H₂ or CO atmosphere for carbonization. 
Density(g/cm³)Bending strength (Mpa)Mohs Hardness    Elastic Modulus(GPa)CTE((10^-6/K))λ   (W/(m·K))4.93507-8559-10‌4707.7421
Applications include:
Cutting tools: As a main component or coating of carbide tools (e.g., turning tools, milling cutters) for high-speed cutting of steel.Wear-resistant components: Such as mechanical seal rings, wire drawing dies, and sandblasting nozzles.Coating material: Forms an extremely hard titanium carbide coating on the surface of tools and molds through physical or chemical vapor deposition (PVD/CVD) processes, significantly extending their service life.Aerospace: Used in manufacturing components requiring high-temperature resistance and wear resistance.Reinforcement phase: Added as reinforcing particles to metal-matrix or ceramic-matrix composites to enhance the strength and hardness of the base material.
It is actually difficult to give a clear answer about the life of titanium carbide, tungsten carbide and titanium alloy, because it is closely related to the specific use environment, load conditions, maintenance and other factors. Under appropriate conditions, both alloys can show a long service life. However, in some specific scenarios, tungsten alloy may have a longer service life due to its high hardness and high wear resistance; in other scenarios, titanium alloy may have better durability due to its light weight and high strength.
In summary, tungsten carbide vs titanium are both metal materials with good wear resistance, and they have been widely used in different fields. The wear resistance of these metal materials enables them to maintain stable performance in harsh environments, providing important support for industrial production and daily life. We need to make comprehensive considerations based on specific application requirements, environmental conditions and performance requirements. Only in this way can we give full play to the potential of these two alloys and achieve the best performance and service life.

### Tungsten carbide vs Tungsten
Tungsten carbides vs tungsten 
Differences of tungsten vs tungsten carbide in hardness and wear resistance：
Tungsten carbide is an alloy material composed of tungsten and carbon elements, with higher hardness and wear resistance than pure tungsten. It can not only be used to manufacture high-speed cutting tools and abrasives, but also in the production of heat-resistant parts and high-temperature melting equipment and other industries.
Due to the single nature of its composition, pure tungsten is not as hard and wear-resistant as tungsten carbide, but it shows good corrosion resistance in high-temperature and high-strength environments, and can also be used to make high-temperature resistant ceramics, vacuum furnace parts, etc.
Differences of tungsten vs tungsten carbide in toughness In terms of toughness：
Pure tungsten has more advantages than tungsten carbide. Because pure tungsten is a single substance, it is relatively more tough and suitable for the manufacture of gas discharge tubes, electronic tubes and high-temperature parts. Tungsten carbide is relatively brittle due to its extremely high hardness. Therefore, pure tungsten has more advantages in applications that need to withstand hammering, impact and other forces.
Differences of tungsten vs tungsten carbide in application fields：
Because tungsten carbide has extremely high hardness and wear resistance, it can be used in complex processing environments, such as manufacturing high-speed cutting tools in automobile engines, milling cutters on machine tools, planers and other industrial equipment. Cutting tools produced from tungsten carbide rods can be used to process cast iron, nonferrous metals, nonmetals, heat-resistant alloys, titanium alloys and stainless steel. Tungsten carbide can also be used to prepare abrasives, grinding tools and other materials, and is used in the processing of high-hardness materials such as gems, glass and ceramics. In addition, tungsten carbide can be used to extend molds, wear-resistant parts, stamping molds and drill bits.
In contrast, pure tungsten is more used in high-temperature, high-strength and corrosion-resistant fields, such as crucibles, furnace tubes, heating elements, vacuum furnace parts, etc. At the same time, pure tungsten is also widely used in optoelectronic devices, electron tubes, discharge tubes and other aspects.
Conclusion： 
In terms of hardness, wear resistance and toughness, tungsten carbide and pure tungsten have their own advantages. In different application fields, they play an important role. In practical applications, we need to choose suitable materials according to different material properties and needs. 

### What is in tungsten carbide and Its uses?
What is in tungsten carbide? 
 What is in tungsten carbide? Tungsten carbide is a compound composed of tungsten and carbon, with a molecular formula of WC and a molecular weight of 195.85. 
The following is a detailed introduction to tungsten carbide:
Brief history of development:
Since 1893, German scientists have used tungsten trioxide and carbon to heat to high temperatures in an electric furnace to produce tungsten carbide, and tried to use its high melting point, high hardness and other characteristics to make wire drawing dies, etc., in order to replace diamond materials. However, due to the brittleness, easy cracking and low toughness of tungsten carbide, it has not been industrially applied. In the 1920s, German scientist Karl Schroter found that pure tungsten carbide could not adapt to the intense stress changes formed during the drawing process. Only by adding low-melting-point metals to WC can the blank have a certain toughness without reducing the hardness. In 1923, Schroter first proposed a patent for the use of powder metallurgy, that is, mixing tungsten carbide with a small amount of iron group metals (iron, nickel, cobalt), then pressing and molding, and sintering in hydrogen at a temperature above 1300°C to produce hardness alloys.
Composition and characteristics of tungsten carbide：
Composition: In tungsten carbide, carbon atoms are embedded in the gaps of the tungsten metal lattice to form an interstitial solid solution without destroying the original metal lattice.
Physical properties:
 Color: The color of tungsten carbide is usually gray or black, with a metallic luster.
Melting point: The melting point is relatively high, generally considered to be 2720℃~2870℃. Boiling point: 6000℃.
Density: The relative density is relatively high, about 15.63 (18℃), and the theoretical density is 15.55g/cm³.
Tensile strength：344Mpa (49893PSI).
Conductivity: It is a good conductor of electricity and heat.
Chemical properties: Tungsten carbide is insoluble in water, hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid, but is easily soluble in a mixed acid of nitric acid and hydrofluoric acid. Pure tungsten carbide is brittle, and if a small amount of metals such as titanium and cobalt are added, the brittleness can be reduced.
Uses of Tungsten Carbide Tungsten carbide is a very versatile material, and its specific application areas include but are not limited to:
Cutting tools: Tungsten carbide has extremely high hardness and high temperature resistance, making it an ideal material for manufacturing cutting tools, such as knives, drills, milling cutters, etc.
Jewelry: Tungsten carbide powder can be sintered and pressed into jewelry. It has high hardness and outstanding brightness, and is deeply loved by consumers.
Abrasives: Tungsten carbide can be used as an abrasive for grinding, polishing and other processes, such as grinding wheels, sandpaper, etc.
Weapons: Tungsten carbide has extremely high hardness and can be used to manufacture weapons such as shotgun bullets and armor-piercing bullets.
Surgical instruments: Tungsten carbide is also used to manufacture surgical instruments such as scalpels and scissors due to its excellent hardness and wear resistance.
Special coatings for high-demand parts: Tungsten carbide can be used for coatings of parts that are subjected to continuous friction and must have high wear resistance, such as bearings, rotating elements, etc.
Other applications: Tungsten carbide is also widely used in engineering machinery parts, fluid distribution or flow applications (such as water jet cutting nozzles), oil and gas industries, etc. In summary, tungsten carbide plays an important role in many fields due to its excellent physical and chemical properties. 
Our company is among China’s top ten cemented carbide manufacturers. Should you require cemented carbide products, please contact us.

### What is cemented carbide? What is a cemented carbide?
What is cemented carbide? 
What is cemented carbide ? What is cemented carbide made of ? Cemented carbide is an alloy made by powder metallurgy with one or more refractory carbide powders (tungsten carbide, titanium carbide, etc.) as the main component, and metal powders (cobalt, nickel, etc.) as binders. It is mainly used to manufacture high-speed cutting tools and hard and tough material cutting tools, as well as cold working molds, measuring tools and high wear-resistant parts that are not affected by impact and vibration.
1. Characteristics of cemented carbide:
 ⑴ High hardness, wear resistance and red hardness The hardness of cemented carbide can reach 86~93HRA at room temperature, equivalent to 69~81HRC. It can maintain high hardness at 900~1000℃ and has excellent wear resistance. Compared with high-speed tool steel, the cutting speed can be 4~7 times higher, the service life is 5~80 times longer, and hard materials with a hardness of up to 50HRC can be cut.
⑵ High strength and elastic modulus The compressive strength of cemented carbide is as high as 6000MPa, and the elastic modulus is (4~7)×105MPa, both of which are higher than high-speed steel. But its bending strength is low, generally 1000 ~ 3000MPa
⑶ Good corrosion resistance and oxidation resistance Generally, it can resist atmospheric, acid, alkali and other corrosion very well, and is not easy to oxidize.
⑷ Small linear expansion coefficient When working, the shape and size are stable.
⑸ The formed products are no longer processed or reground Due to the high hardness and brittleness of cemented carbide, powder metallurgy forming and sintering are no longer cut or reground. When reprocessing is required, only electrical processing such as electric spark, wire cutting, electrolytic grinding or special grinding wheel grinding can be used. Products of certain specifications usually made of cemented carbide are brazed, bonded or mechanically clamped on the tool body or mold body for use.
2. Commonly used cemented carbides are divided into three categories according to composition and performance characteristics: tungsten-cobalt, tungsten-titanium-cobalt, and tungsten-titanium-tantalum (niobium). The most widely used in production are tungsten-cobalt and tungsten-titanium-cobalt cemented carbides.
⑴ Tungsten-cobalt cemented carbide The main components are tungsten carbide (WC) and cobalt. The grade is represented by the code YG (the Chinese pinyin initials of "hard" and "cobalt"), followed by the percentage of cobalt content. For example, YG6 represents a tungsten-cobalt cemented carbide with a cobalt content of 6%, and the tungsten carbide content WC = 1-WCo = 94%.
⑵ Tungsten-titanium-cobalt cemented carbide The main components are tungsten carbide (WC), titanium carbide (TiC) and cobalt. The grade is represented by the code YT (the Chinese pinyin initials of "hard" and "titanium"), followed by the percentage of titanium carbide content. For example, YT15 represents a tungsten-titanium-cobalt cemented carbide with a titanium carbide content of WTiC = 15%.
⑶ Tungsten-titanium-tantalum (niobium) cemented carbide This type of cemented carbide is also called general cemented carbide or universal cemented carbide. Its main components are tungsten carbide (WC), titanium carbide (TiC), tantalum carbide (TaC) or niobium carbide (NbC) and cobalt. The brand is represented by the code YW (the first Chinese pinyin of the two characters "hard" and "wan") followed by an ordinal number.
3. Advantages: Cemented carbide has high hardness, strength, wear resistance and corrosion resistance. It is known as the "industrial teeth" and is used to manufacture cutting tools, knives, cobalt tools and wear-resistant parts. It is widely used in military industry, aerospace, mechanical processing, metallurgy, oil drilling, mining tools, electronic communications, construction and other fields. With the development of downstream industries, the market demand for cemented carbide continues to increase. In addition, the future high-tech weapons and equipment manufacturing, the progress of cutting-edge science and technology, and the rapid development of nuclear energy will greatly increase the demand for cemented carbide products with high technology content and high quality stability. 

### How hard is tungsten carbide?94HRA? And how is tungsten carbide made?
How hard is tungsten carbide?
The hardness range of tungsten carbide is generally 86-94HRA, which is equivalent to 69-82HRC. Different types of tungsten carbide have different hardnesses. For example, cobalt-based alloys and aluminum-based alloys have higher hardness, generally between HRA82-94.
The hardness of tungsten carbide can also maintain a high level at high temperatures. For example, at 900-1000°C, cemented carbide can still maintain high hardness and show excellent wear resistance. In addition, the hardness of wolfram carbide decreases with the change of temperature. For example, at 540°C, the hardness is 82-87HRA, and at 760°C, the hardness can still maintain 77-85HRA.
In order to let everyone better understand the performance of cemented carbide, I have selected cemented carbide YG10 grade for a detailed explanation. Tungsten carbide grade YG10 is equivalent to the international standard ISO K10.
Tungsten carbide YG10 has the characteristics of high hardness, high strength, wear resistance, corrosion resistance and high temperature performance. Its hardness reaches 86-90HRA, which is higher than most metal materials and is very suitable for manufacturing high-hardness and high-precision cutting tools. The chemical composition of YG10 includes carbon (C), cobalt (Co) and tungsten (W), specifically 0.8-1.2% carbon, 9.5-10.5% cobalt, and 89.2-89.8% tungsten1.
Mechanical properties:
· Density: 14-14.5 g/cm³
· Hardness: HRA91-HRA92
· Bending strength: 3500 N/mm²
Application areas:
YG10 wolfram carbide is widely used in the manufacture of cutting tools, punching and shearing tools, molds and mining machinery parts. Specific applications include:
Cutting tools: such as drills, reamers, blades, milling cutters, etc.
‌ Punching and shearing tools‌: such as punching machine dies, punching machine dies, shear knives, etc.
‌ Molds‌: such as injection molds, extrusion molds, die-casting molds, etc.
‌ Mining machinery parts‌: such as mining machine blades, mine car hydraulic cylinder mandrels, etc.
How hard is tungsten carbide?
Preparation method:
First, select ultra-fine grain high-quality alloy powder, whose composition is mainly tungsten carbide (WC) and cobalt (Co) content is 10%. Then YG10 cemented carbide rods are manufactured by powder metallurgy sintering. This method involves mixing tungsten carbide and cobalt powders, and then sintering at high temperature and pressure of 1300℃ to 1500℃ to form cemented carbide materials with the desired shape and size. This process ensures the uniformity and high performance of the material.
Problems and solutions that may be encountered during the preparation process:
During the preparation process, problems such as large brittleness of the material and inability to prepare large-sized or complex-shaped products may be encountered. In order to solve these problems, a partial instantaneous liquid phase connection method can be used, using a Ti/Ni/Ti layer as an intermediate layer to prepare the joint through partial instantaneous liquid phase connection. This method can improve the toughness and application range of the material to a certain extent.
Our company is among China’s top ten cemented carbide manufacturers. Should you require cemented carbide products, please contact us.

### Tungsten carbide hardness​ and uses of YG8
What is the tungsten carbide hardness?
The tungsten carbide hardness rang is generally 86-94HRA, which is equivalent to 69-83HRC. Different types of tungsten carbide have different hardnesses. For example, cobalt-based alloys and aluminum-based alloys have higher hardness, generally tungsten carbide hardness between HRA82-94.
The tungsten carbide hardness​ can also maintain a high level at high temperatures. For example, at 900-1000°C, cemented carbide can still maintain high hardness and show excellent wear resistance. In addition, the hardness of wolfram carbide decreases with the change of temperature. For example, at 540°C, the tungsten carbide hardness is 82-87HRA, and at 760°C, the tungsten carbide hardness can still maintain 77-85HRA.
In order to let everyone better understand the performance of tungsten carbide, I have selected wolfram carbide YG8 grade for a detailed explanation. Tungsten carbide grade YG8 is equivalent to the international standard ISO K20.
YG8 tungsten steel, a tungsten-cobalt cemented carbide, is renowned for its exceptional wear resistance, high strength, and impressive impact toughness. Its chemical composition primarily consists of tungsten carbide (WC) at 92% and cobalt (Co) at 8%. Boasting remarkable wear and corrosion resistance, it finds extensive application in mechanical processing, oil drilling, mining engineering, and various other sectors. Below is a detailed introduction to the characteristics, uses, and processing technology of YG8.
Mechanical Properties:
Tungsten carbide hardness: YG8 tungsten steel exhibits a hardness range of 89~90HRA.
Bending Strength: 1500 MPa.
TRS: 2300N/mm².
Impact Toughness: 2.5-3 J/cm².
Density: 14.5-14.9 g/cm³.
Grain sizes: See the following is a metallographic picture;
Metallographic picture
Application Areas: Primarily, YG8 cemented carbide's extraordinary hardness and wear resistance stem from the tungsten-cobalt alloy's characteristics. Tungsten possesses a high melting point and hardness, while cobalt offers excellent bonding properties, combining to deliver outstanding wear and corrosion resistance. Consequently, YG8 cemented carbide is frequently utilized in the manufacturing of high-wear components such as tools, drill bits, and abrasives.
Secondly, YG8 cemented carbide has a broad scope of applications in mechanical processing. Its high hardness and robust wear resistance enable YG8 alloy tools to perform exceptionally under conditions like high-speed and heavy-load cutting, effectively enhancing processing efficiency and quality.
 Additionally, YG8 alloy is prevalent in oil drilling, mining engineering, and mold manufacturing, crafting tools like drill bits and drilling equipment to improve drilling efficiency and reduce costs. For cutting tools, it is suited for high-speed cutting of alloy materials including cast iron, white cast iron, ductile iron, chromium, and nickel stainless steel. In mold manufacturing, it is ideal for drawing dies, stamping dies, and rivet forging dies, particularly for drawing steel and non-ferrous metal wires, and their alloy wires or bars with diameters less than 50mm.
Other Applications: It is used in the production of wire drawing dies, cold brazing dies, and for cold heading, cold punching, and cold pressing dies.
Processing Technology: The production of YG8 cemented carbide involves a relatively intricate process through powder metallurgy. Tungsten powder and cobalt powder are mixed in a precise ratio, with small additions of other alloy elements. These are then pressed, sintered, and processed further to form YG8 cemented carbide blanks. Finally, precision grinding, polishing, and other techniques are employed to craft various specifications of YG8 cemented carbide tools and components.
In summary, YG8 is an exceptional wolfram carbide material characterized by its extremely high hardness and wear resistance. Its widespread use in mechanical processing, oil drilling, mining engineering, and other fields provides robust support and assurance for the development and advancement of related industries. This article aims to offer insight into YG8 cemented carbide and assist professionals within related industries.
Precautions for Use: Given YG8 tungsten steel's high hardness, the following precautions are recommended:
Avoid Striking or Throwing: To prevent safety accidents.
Secure Fixation: Ensure it is securely mounted on the workbench before processing.
Impact Avoidance: Practice caution during cutting, grinding, and other processing operations.
Processing Adjustments: For discharge and wire cutting, adjust processing programs to avoid cracking and chipping.
Welding Considerations: Verify that the processed surface remains intact post-processing.
I hope this article can help you have a better understanding of the tungsten carbide hardness  and the performance of wolfram carbide.
Our company is among China’s top ten cemented carbide manufacturers. Should you require cemented carbide products, please contact us.

### Density of tungsten carbide and uses of different cemented carbide grade YG6A
What is the density of tungsten carbide?
The density range of the tungsten carbide is 13.4-15.3g/cm³.
The density fluctuation range of tungsten carbide mainly depends on its composition and preparation process. ‌
The density range of tungsten carbide is roughly between 13.4 and 15.3 grams per cubic centimeter. Specifically, the density of tungsten carbide with different compositions is as follows:
‌Tungsten-cobalt (YG) tungsten carbide‌: The main components are tungsten carbide powder (WC powder) and cobalt powder. As the cobalt content increases, the alloy density decreases. For example, the density of tungsten carbide grade YG6 alloy is 14.5-14.9g/cm³, the density of tungsten carbide grade YG15 alloy is 13.9-14.2g/cm³, and the density of tungsten carbide grade YG20 alloy is 13.4-13.7g/cm³‌.
 ‌Tungsten-titanium-cobalt (YT) tungsten carbide‌: The main components are tungsten carbide powder, titanium carbide powder and cobalt powder. As the titanium carbide content increases, the alloy density decreases. For example, the density of YT5 alloy is 12.5-13.2g/cm³, the density of YT14 alloy is 11.2-12.0g/cm³, and the density of YT15 alloy is 11.0-11.7g/cm³‌. ‌Tungsten-titanium-tantalum (niobium) (YW) tungsten carbide‌: The main components are tungsten carbide powder, titanium carbide powder, tantalum carbide powder (or niobium carbide powder) and cobalt powder. As the tungsten carbide content increases, the density of the alloy will increase. For example, the density of YW1 alloy is 12.6-13.5g/cm³, the density of YW2 alloy is 12.4-13.5g/cm³, and the density of YW3 alloy is 12.4-13.3g/cm³‌. In addition, the density fluctuation range of tungsten carbide is also affected by the preparation process. The density fluctuation of tungsten carbide of the same brand and different batches should not exceed 3%‌.
In order to let everyone better understand the performance of cemented carbide, I have selected tungsten carbide YG6A grade.
YG6A is a tungsten-cobalt (WC-Co) cemented carbide extensively utilized in the production of cutting tools due to its exceptional hardness, wear resistance, and robust strength. The nomenclature "YG" in YG6A signifies tungsten-cobalt cemented carbide, "6" denotes approximately 6% cobalt (Co) content, and "A" indicates the alloy powder's grain size at Level 1. 
The chemical composition of YG6A primarily consists of:
Tungsten carbide (WC), serving as the hard phase, offers high hardness and wear resistance. 
Cobalt (Co), acting as a binder, enhances the toughness and impact load resistance of the wolfram carbide.
Performance parameters of YG6A include:
Density of tungsten carbide: Ranging from 14.7 to 15.1 g/cm³.
Tungsten carbide hardness: Typically between 91.0 and 92.8 HRA, indicating remarkable wear resistance.
Bending strength: Capable of reaching 1850 to 2350 N/mm², allowing YG6A to endure substantial cutting forces.
Grain size: Ultrafine grains, usually between 0.6 and 1.0 microns, contribute to improved alloy strength and toughness. The following is a metallographic picture：
Metallographic picture
YG6A finds diverse applications, primarily in:
Cutting tools: Suitable for manufacturing various metal cutting tools like drills, milling cutters, and turning tools, particularly effective for processing harder materials.
Wear-resistant parts: Such as bearings, molds, and valve sealing surfaces.
Geological exploration: Utilized in the production of drilling tools and wear-resistant components.
Automotive industry: Applied in manufacturing engine parts and brake system components.
Compared to general high-speed steel (HSS), YG6A boasts superior hardness and wear resistance, enabling higher cutting speeds and feed rates, thus enhancing production efficiency. However, cemented carbide's price is correspondingly higher.
YG6A is equivalent to ISO: K05.

### Tungsten carbide rings for valve seat of frac pump
How is the product development and changes of frac pump valves and valve seats?
In recent years, the oil fracking industry has been seeking innovative ways to advance technology and discover new materials to enhance the reliability and service life of valves and valve seats of mud pumps. Efforts have been directed towards reducing production costs, diminishing operator labor intensity, and improving equipment and environmental safety.Our company has developed a tungsten carbide ring specifically designed for frac pump valve seats. This application significantly extends the service life of valves and seats. The new seat model combines the hardness of wolfram carbide with the strength of iron. Compared to traditional methods, the new method of inserting the ring into the main body of the seat has been found to increase the life of the seat by six times, with records continually being broken. This contributes to a reduction in downtime for maintenance equipment and a decrease in operator workload.With 40 years of experience in tungsten carbide production, our company is dedicated to providing customers with the highest quality products. Our wolfram carbide rings have been utilized in valve and seat production by both domestic and international companies. Upon completion of the customer's on-site trial, the final product has achieved positive outcomes. It has been demonstrated that our product effectively reduces the cost and time associated with equipment downtime, thereby alleviating the workload of operators. We aspire to supply our tungsten carbide rings to more companies within this industry to foster mutually beneficial business relationships. Our company is capable of manufacturing products according to the drawings provided by our customers.
Development and Testing of Rings
In the R&D process of the ring, our company collaborates closely with international companies from the selection of raw materials, through matching, molding, sintering, processing, to assembly. Numerous tests have enabled us to acquire the technology for producing suitable seat rings.

### What is wolfram carbide? What are its functions and uses?
What is wolfram carbide? What are its functions and uses?
Another name for wolfram carbide is tungsten carbide, which is an alloy material consisting of hard compounds of refractory metals and bonding metals, manufactured through powder metallurgy. The characteristics are as follows:
1. Performance characteristics- High hardness: Wolfram carbide is known for its exceptional hardness, particularly at elevated temperatures, enabling it to maintain its hardness in harsh environments such as those with high temperatures and pressures.- Good wear resistance: Due to its high hardness, tungsten carbide exhibits excellent wear resistance. In scenarios involving friction and wear, the service life of tungsten carbide is typically much longer than that of other materials.- Good strength and toughness: Wolfram carbide possesses not only high hardness but also a certain degree of strength and toughness, making it less prone to breakage or damage under loads such as impact and vibration.- Heat and corrosion resistance: tungsten carbide demonstrates good resistance to heat and corrosion, allowing it to function effectively in harsh environments over extended periods.2. Main components- Hard compounds: Primarily carbides of refractory metals, such as tungsten carbide (WC) and titanium carbide (TiC), are used. These carbides are characterized by their high hardness and melting points, and they constitute the main components of cemented carbide.- Bonding metal: Primarily metal cobalt (Co) or nickel (Ni) are used. These metals possess good plasticity and toughness, effectively binding the hard compound particles to form a dense alloy structure.3. Manufacturing processThe manufacturing process of tungsten carbide primarily involves powder making, mixing, pressing, and sintering. Initially, the refractory metal carbide and bonding metal powders are evenly mixed in a specific ratio; then, the mixture is pressed into a blank of the desired shape; finally, the blank is sintered at high temperature to achieve a dense tungsten carbide product.4. Application fields
 Wolfram carbide is extensively utilized across various fields due to its outstanding performance:- Tool material: Tungsten carbide rods and plates are principal materials for the manufacture of cutting tools, such as turning tools, milling cutters, planers, drills, boring tools, etc. These tools perform well when cutting materials like cast iron, non-ferrous metals, plastics, chemical fibers, graphite, glass, stone, and ordinary steel.- Mold material: Tungsten carbide blocks is also used to create various molds, including wire drawing molds, bolt molds, nut molds, etc. These molds are crucial in metal processing, plastic processing, and other fields.- Mining tools: In mining, construction, and other industries, Tungsten carbide is widely used to manufacture rock drilling tools, mining tools, etc. These tools maintain good performance even under harsh working conditions.- Other fields: Wolfram carbide is also used to manufacture measuring tools, wear-resistant parts, metal abrasives, cylinder liners, precision bearings, nozzles, etc. Additionally, Wolfram carbide finds extensive application in aerospace, optics, and electronics.
Our company is among China’s top ten cemented carbide manufacturers. Should you require cemented carbide products, please contact us.


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Tungsten carbide industryOur company is the top ten largest tungsten carbide products manufacturers with more than 40 years of tungsten carbide products manufacturing experience. Our facilities were imported from Germany. Our highly skilled engineering and inspection teams ensure that our carbide products maintain optimal and consistent quality. As a professional hardmetal products manufacturer, we are committed to the production, research and development and sales of high-end cemented  carbide products. Such as tungsten carbide rods,carbide buttons, carbide plates, carbide blocks, carbide bushings, carbide seal rings, carbide inserts, etc.We eagerly anticipate your inquiries and guarantee a response within 12 hours.
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The top ten largest carbide products manufacturers in China
We’re a highly collaborative and supportive team, coming together on every project to ensure our clients get the very best result.
Our MissionBuild the best product wolfram carbide that creates the most value for our customers, use business to inspire and implement environmentally friendly solutions.
Our ValuesWe strive to go above and beyond for our clients no matter the challenge. We aim to deliver our very best work every single day across our services.
The company initiated the production of tungsten carbide products in 1972. Presently, it boasts production zones and two sintering furnace workshops. Within the company, there exist 36 sets sintering furnace, along with imported PVA sintering furnaces originating from Germany. 
These sophisticated production facilities ensure consistent performance throughout the manufacturing process, thereby guaranteeing the production of premium-quality wolfram carbide products.
The company possesses a dust-free pressing workshop, which holds a pivotal role in managing the cemented carbide production process. This workshop ensures the purity of materials during the pressing stage, preventing impurities and detrimental substances from contaminating the product, thereby safeguarding the quality of high-standard wolfram carbide products.
Our pressing equipment capacity ranges from one gram to 50 kilograms.
The company possesses 192 sets of machining equipment, encompassing grinders, lathes, milling machines, machining centers, and cutting machines. 
It is capable of achieving h5 machining accuracy for Tungsten carbide rods, as well as providing a surface roughness accuracy of 0.01 micrometers for other mining equipment products and petroleum equipment supplies.
The following are our company's testing equipment
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Tungsten carbide buttons for mining equipmentTungsten carbide buttons are being used for making drilling tools, such as DTH bits, milling planer cutters,TBM cutters and HPGR studs.
Tungsten carbide rods and platesTungsten carbide rods are being used for making cutting tools, such as end mills, carbide drills, stamping mould.
Tungsten carbide sleevesWolfram carbide sleeves are used in petrochemical industry, such as fracturing pump, water pump, oil pump and other pumps, especially used for high pressure or corrosion resistance pumps, flow restrictors, servo seat..
“Our tungsten carbide products are exported to Germany, the Netherlands, Italy, Poland, Australia, India, Malaysia, Thailand, South Korea, Japan, Canada, the United States, Peru, Brazil, and other countries. Our tungsten carbide product performance and service life are close to 90-97% of Guhringg, Boehleritt and Kennametall.”Export Director
About usQingdao Bortome Import & Export Co., Ltd., located in Qingdao China, is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Tongyu Heavy Industry Co., Ltd (Stock Code: 300185), which ranks among China's top ten cemented carbide product manufacturers and has over 40 years of manufacturing experience.Based on the powerful parent company, integrated with rich resources of its subsidiaries, and taking full advantage of the location and talents, Qingdao Bortome is committed to building a first-class company, specializing in the research, design, manufacture, and after-sale services of various wolfram carbide products.We are looking forward to doing win-win cooperation and building long term business relationship with you.  Find Out More
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## 产品
### High performance K10 K20 K30 tungsten carbide bars stock
1. Grades of tungsten carbide bars：
Grade
ISO Grade
WC
(%)
Co
(%)
Grain Size
(μm)
Hardness
（HRA）
Density
（g/cm³）
TRS
（N/mm²）
BU06
K05 - K10
94
6
0.5
94
14.75
3600
BU09
K20 - K30
91
9
0.4
94
14.4
3800
YG10X
K20 - K30
90
10
0.8
91.5
14.35
3600
BT15
K20 - K30
90
10
0.7
92.2
14.35
3900
BT20
K20 - K30
90
10
0.6
92.3
14.4
4000
BT25
K30 - K40
88
12
0.6
92.5
14.1
4000
BT25UF
K30 - K40
88
12
0.4
92.8
14.05
4200
Grade BU06: This grade is suitable for machining aluminum magnesium alloy, graphite, plastic, wood and composite material, etc.
Grade BU09: This grade is suitable for machining alloy steel, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, chilled hardened steel and titanium alloy, etc. It can process materials with hardness up to HRC 65.
Grade YG10X: This grade is suitable for machining materials such as common steel, non-ferrous metals, and cast iron, etc. It can process materials with hardness up to HRC 45. This grade is is popular in the Asian market, especially the Indian market.
Grade BT15: This grade is suitable for machining common steel, cast iron, stainless steel, heat-resistant steel, chilled hardened steel, nickel base alloy and titanium alloy, etc. It can process materials with hardness up to HRC 55.  This grade is popular in the European market, especially in German market. Other markets, such as the USA, Canada, Korea, etc.
Grade BT20: This grade is suitable for machining stainless steel, heat-resistant steel, chilled hardened steel, cast iron, nickel base alloy and titanium alloy, etc. It can process materials with hardness up to HRC 55.
Grade BT25: This grade is suitable for machining alloy steel, titanium alloy, chilled hardened steel cast iron, aluminum alloy, etc. It can process materials with hardness up to HRC 60.
Grade BT25UF: This grade is suitable for machining alloy steel, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, chilled hardened steel and titanium alloy, etc. It can process materials with hardness up to HRC 62.
 2. Sizes of tungsten carbide bars：
OD(MM)
Length(MM)
0.2-60
10-330
3. Tungsten carbide bars surface condition：
Sintered sand blasting surface:
Ground and polished surface h5 and h6:
Tungsten carbide bars with coolant holes:
Please send us inquiries for quotations and free samples for testing:
 
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### High performance tungsten carbide flat blanks supplier
Grades of carbide flat blanks:
Grade
Composition (%)
Density (g/cm3)
Hardness (HRA)
T.R.S （N/mm²）
YG6A  / K05 / C2
6%co 94%wc
14.85
≥92.5
≥2000
YG8 /K30 / C6
8%co 92%wc
14.7
≥89.8
≥2800
YG10X / K30 / C7
10%co 90%wc
14.35
≥91.5
≥3600
YG11 / K30 / C8
11%co 89%wc
14.4
≥88.5
≥2900
YG15 / K30 / C9
15%co 85%wc
14
≥87.0
≥3000
YG20 / K40 / C10
20%co 80%wc
13.5
≥85.5
≥2800
YG13X /K30 / C8-C9
13%co 87%wc
14.2
≥90.0
≥3200
BT15 / K30 / C7
10%co 90%wc
14.35
≥92.2
≥3900
YG6A
It is a fine-grain alloy with high wear resistance, suitable for manufacturing forming tools, cutting inserts, wear-resistant parts, etc.
YG8
It offers high bending strength but lower wear resistance than YG6A, and is suitable for manufacturing forming tools, wear-resistant parts, conveyor belt cleaner blades, etc.
YG11
YG15
With high impact toughness, it is suitable for manufacturing punching dies, wear-resistant parts, etc.
YG20
With high bending strength, it is suitable for manufacturing progressive dies and other punching dies.
YG13X
BT15
Featuring ultra-fine grain size and high performance, it is ideal for manufacturing cutting tools used on ordinary alloy steel, aluminum alloy, heat-resistant alloy, cast iron, etc.
Sizes of tungsten carbide flat blanks:
Length
L(mm)
Width
W(mm)
Thicknes
T(mm)
Length
Tolerance(mm)
Width
Toleranee(mm)
Thickness
Tolerance(mm)
330
2~3
1~3
+7.0
+3.0
+0.4
+0.2
+0.35
+0.15
330
3~8
1~3
+7.0
+3.0
+0.5
+0.3
+0.35
+0.15
330
8~14
2~5
+7.0
+3.0
+0.5
+0.3
+0.35
+0.15
330
14~34
2~11
+7.0
+3.0
+0.6
+0.4
+0.5
+0.2
Custom sizing is also available. Please provide us with your specifications.
 
Details of carbide flat blanks:
 
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### High quality stellite saw tips with competitive price
Stellite Saw Tips Grade Stellite 1 Chemical Composition and and Physical Properties:
Co
Cr
W
C
Others
Hardness
Density
Melting Range
Base
28-32
11-13
2.0-3.0
Ni,FeSiMn,Mo
50-58 HRC
550-720 HV
8.69g/cm³
0.314  Ib/in³
1248-1290℃
2278-23550F
Stellite 1 has a high carbon content (approximately 2.5%) and contains 11-13% tungsten, forming a large amount of hard carbides (such as Cr₇C₃ and WC), giving it a hardness of HRC 50-58. This high hardness and abrasion resistance make it excellent for cutting hardwoods, but its relatively low toughness makes it unsuitable for withstanding frequent impacts.
Recommended Wood Types:
High-Density Hardwoods: Such as mahogany, rosewood, black walnut, ebony, and Okan. These woods are dense and hard, causing ordinary saw teeth to wear easily. Stellite 1's hard carbides effectively resist abrasive wear, maintaining a sharp cutting edge.
Silica-Containing Tropical Hardwoods: Such as sapele and teak. These woods naturally contain high-hardness silica components, causing ordinary alloy saw teeth to dull easily. Stellite 1's wear resistance makes it the preferred choice.
High-Temperature Hardwood Cutting: Stellite 1 maintains its hardness at high temperatures, making it suitable for the frictional heat generated during prolonged continuous hardwood cutting.
 
Stellite Saw Tips Grade Stellite 12 Chemical Composition and and Physical Properties:
Co
Cr
W
C
Others
Hardness
Density
Melting Range
Base
27-32
7.5-9.5
1.4-2.0
Ni,Fe,Si,Mn
45-51HRC
435-590 HV
8.53  g/cm³
0.308  Ib/in³
1225-1280℃
2240-23350F
Stellite 12 has a moderate carbon content (approximately 1.4-2.0%), a tungsten content of 7.5-9.5%, and a hardness of HRC 45-51. Its microstructure contains a lower proportion of carbides than Stellite 1, resulting in better toughness while retaining excellent wear resistance and corrosion resistance, making it suitable for various complex working conditions.
Recommended Timber Applications:
Softwoods and Medium-Hardwoods: Such as cedar, pine, poplar, and other soft woods. Stellite 12's abrasion resistance is sufficient for these types of woods, and its toughness reduces the risk of chipping during cutting.
Damp or Undried Woods: Stellite 12's corrosion resistance makes it less prone to rusting or corrosion when cutting woods with high moisture content (such as red cedar and undried pine).
Woods with Knots or Impurities: Due to its good impact resistance, Stellite 12 is less likely to break when encountering knots, nails, or other impurities in the wood, making it suitable for renovation or demolition projects.
High-Temperature or Corrosive Environments: Stellite 12 maintains its performance at 700°C and has strong acid and alkali resistance, making it suitable for processing preservative-treated wood or operating in harsh environments.
 
Stellite saw tips details:
 
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### High quality non magnetic tungsten cemented carbide plates YN10
Non magnetic tungsten cemented carbide grades:
Grade
Nickel   Content
Ni%
 Density
  g/cm³
Hardness
(HRA)
TRS
(MPa)
Grain Size
(μm)
YN5
5
14.75
92.5
2050
0.8
YN6
6
14.67
92
2150
0.8
YN8
8
14.65
91.5
2200
0.8
YN10
10
14.45
90.5
2350
0.8
YN14
14
14
88.8
2300
1
YN15
15
14.15
88.6
2350
1.2
YN20
20
13.95
88.5
2400
0.8
YN10S
10
14.5
92
2500
0.6
YN10SX
10
14.2
86
2400
2.5
YN8S
8
14.65
92.4
2200
0.6
YN5: Suitable for non-magnetic environments subjected to strong impacts and vibrations. Examples include: non-magnetic geological drilling tools, oil and mining drill bits, impact mold bases, and large non-magnetic tools.
Precision electronic molds: Due to its high hardness (HRA 92+) and low permeability, it is used to manufacture molds for forming magnetic materials, such as silicon steel sheet punching dies and permanent magnet pressing dies, avoiding interference with magnetic field distribution.
YN6: Its applications fall between YN5 and YN8, used in applications with a certain degree of impact. Examples include: general-purpose non-magnetic tools and wear-resistant parts.
YN8: The most widely used non-magnetic grade. It offers a balanced combination of hardness and toughness. Suitable for most non-magnetic molds and wear-resistant parts. Examples include: molds for forming magnetic materials (neodymium iron boron, ferrite), non-magnetic tools, and instrument parts.
YN10: Based on YN8, it appropriately improves hardness and wear resistance while maintaining a certain level of toughness. Used for general-purpose molds with higher wear resistance requirements than YN8.
YN14: High hardness and good wear resistance, but lower toughness than YN8/10. Suitable for applications where wear is the primary failure mode and impact is minimal. Examples include precision lead frame mold inserts and wear-resistant parts requiring high surface finish.
YN15: Better wear resistance than YN14, but toughness is further reduced. Suitable for precision molds requiring extremely high wear resistance and minimal impact. Examples include key inserts in semiconductor packaging molds, wire drawing dies, and precision cold heading dies.
YN20: This is a special grade, typically containing a higher nickel content, possibly emphasizing better corrosion resistance or special electrical properties while remaining non-magnetic. Used for non-magnetic wear-resistant parts in chemical environments or certain electronic components.
YN10S: Based on YN10, it optimizes certain properties (such as surface finish and cutting edge sharpness) by adjusting the carbide particle size or composition. Used for more precise molds.
YN10SX: Achieves both high hardness (wear resistance) and high strength (toughness) through the use of ultrafine WC powder. This is a high-end grade, used in extremely precise molds, such as the "blade" inserts for IC leadframes and precision stamping dies. It is both wear-resistant and not prone to chipping.
YN8S: Similar to YN10S, it is a performance-optimized version based on the general-purpose YN8, possibly to improve hardness or surface quality while retaining good toughness. It is used in general-purpose non-magnetic mold applications with higher performance requirements.
 
Non magnetic cemented carbide sizes:
Dimensions(MM)
Length
(0~+5)
Width
(0~+5)
Height
(+0.5～+0.6)
105/200
105/200
5
105/200
105/200
10
105/200
105/200
15
105/200
105/200
20
105/200
105/200
25
105/200
105/200
30
105/200
105/200
45
105/200
105/200
50
105/200
105/200
55
105/200
105/200
60
105/200
105/200
65
105/200
105/200
70
Dimensions(MM)
Length
(0~+5)
Width
(0~+5)
Thickness
(+0.5～+0.6)
100～200
20/22/25
4/5
200～300
20/22/25/30
4/5
300～400
20/22/25/30
4/5
400~500
20/22/25/30
4/5
500～600
20/22/25
4/5
600～700
22/21/25
4/5
Non magnetic cemented carbide plate details:
 
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### High quality tungsten carbide grippers inserts for chuck Jaws
Carbide gripers grades:
Grade
WC(%)
Co(%)
Hardness(HRA)
TRS((N/mm²))
YG6
94 
6 
≥90.5
1860 
YG8
92 
8 
≥89.0
2060 
YG11
89 
11 
≥87.5
2100 
YG15
85 
15 
≥87.5
2500 
YG8 is the most widely used grade for tungsten carbide gripper for chuck jaws.
 
Carbide gripers sizes：
 
Type
Dimensions(MM)
Length
Width
Thickness
22x9x6
22
9
6
25x3x5
25
3
5
28x6x5.5
28
6
5.5
28.8x9x6.4
28.8
9
6.4
28.8x6.2x6.3
28.8
6.2
6.3
30x6x6
30
6
6
30x7x7
30
7
7
35x6x4
35
6
4
 
Tungsten carbide grippers details:
 
 
 
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### 0.2, 0.3, 0.5, 0.6, 0.8, 1MM tungsten carbide rods
1MM tungsten carbide rods grades:
     Grade
      ISO Grade
 WC
(%)
   Co
  (%)
Grain Size
      (μm)
Hardness
（HRA）
   Density
  （g/cm³）
    TRS
   （N/mm²）
BU06
K05-K10
94
6
0.5
94
   14.75
       3600
YG10X
K20 - K30
90
10
0.8
91.5
14.35
      3600
BT15
K20 - K30
90
10
0.7
92.2
14.35
      3900
BT20
K20 - K30
90
10
0.6
92.3
14.4
    4000
BT25
K30 - K40
88
12
0.6
92.5
14.1
     4000
BT25UF
K30 - K40
88
12
0.4
92.8
14.05
    4200
Grade BU06: This grade is suitable for machining aluminum magnesium alloy, graphite, plastic material, wood and composite material, printed circuit board, tooth, etc.
Grade BU09: This grade is suitable for machining alloy steel, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, chilled hardened steel and titanium alloy, etc. It can process materials with hardness up to HRC 65.
Grade YG10X: This grade is suitable for machining materials such as common steel, non-ferrous metals, and cast iron, etc. It can process materials with hardness up to HRC 45. This grade is is popular in the Asian market, especially the Indian market.
Grade BT15: This grade is suitable for machining common steel, cast iron, stainless steel, heat-resistant steel, chilled hardened steel, nickel base alloy and titanium alloy, etc. It can process materials with hardness up to HRC 55.  This grade is popular in the European market, especially in German market. Other markets, such as the USA, Canada, Korea, etc.
Grade BT20: This grade is suitable for machining stainless steel, heat-resistant steel, chilled hardened steel, cast iron, nickel base alloy and titanium alloy, etc. It can process materials with hardness up to HRC 55.
Grade BT25: This grade is suitable for machining alloy steel, titanium alloy, chilled hardened steel cast iron, aluminum alloy, etc. It can process materials with hardness up to HRC 60.
Grade BT25UF: This grade is suitable for machining alloy steel, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, chilled hardened steel and titanium alloy, etc. It can process materials with hardness up to HRC 62.
1mm tungsten carbide rods details:
 
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### High quality stellite bushings with competitive price
Stellite 6 chemical Composition:
Co
Cr
W
C
Ni
Si
Fe
Others
Stellite6B
Base
28.00-32.00
3.50-5.50
0.90-1.40
3.00*
2.00*
3.00*
Mn, Mo
Stellite 6
Base
27.00-31.00
3.00-6.00
0.90-1.40
3.00*
2.00*
3.00*
Mn, Mo
Stellite 6 B mechanical Properties per AMS 5894:
Tensile 
Strength (ksi)
Yield 
Strength (ksi)
Elongation 
in 2",%
Reduction 
Area
Hardness 
HRC
Stellite 6B
130 (min)
70 (min)
5% (min)
7% (min)
33-43
Stellite 6 B Physical Properties:
Density
Melting Point
Thermal Conductivity
Imperial 
(lb/in3)
Metric 
(kg/m3)
Imperial 
(ºF)
Metric 
(ºC)
Watt-cm/sq-cm ºC
Stellite 6B
0.303
8387
2310-2470
1265-1354
0.147
Stellite bushings details:
Stellite bushing applications:
1. Aerospace
Applications: Engine transmission systems, helicopter rotor systems, landing gear actuators, fuel control valves, etc.
2. Energy and Electricity
Nuclear Power: Nuclear reactor control rod drive mechanisms, valve stem bushings.
Thermal Power: Gas turbine and steam turbine bearing bushings, and high-temperature valve components.
Hydropower: Turbine guide vane bushings and wear plates.
3. Petroleum and Chemical
Drilling and Production Equipment: Drill pipe joints, mud pump piston rod bushings.
Chemical Equipment: High-speed centrifugal pumps, reactor agitators, and compressor bushings.
4. Automotive and Racing
High-performance engines: Valve seat inserts, valve guides, and turbocharger bushings.
Racing: Suspension and transmission joint bushings.
5. Other Heavy Industries
Steel and Metallurgy: Continuous casting rollers, rolling mill bearing bushings, and high-temperature conveyor chains.
Mining Machinery: Excavator bucket pin bushings and crusher main shaft bushings.
Please send us inquiries for quotations and free samples for testing:
 
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### Durable high quality tungsten carbide end mill manufacturers​
Tungsten carbide end mill blanks grades:
Grade
ISO Grade
WC
(%)
Co
(%)
Grain Size
(μm)
Hardness
（HRA）
Density
（g/cm³）
TRS
（N/mm²）
BU06
K05 - K10
94
6
0.5
94
14.75
3600
YG10X
K20 - K30
90
10
0.8
91.5
14.35
3600
BT15
K20 - K30
90
10
0.7
92.2
14.35
3900
BT20
K20 - K30
90
10
0.6
92.3
14.4
4000
BT25
K30 - K40
88
12
0.6
92.5
14.1
4000
BT25UF
K30 - K40
88
12
0.4
92.8
14.05
4200
Grade BU06: This grade is suitable for machining aluminum magnesium alloy, graphite, plastic, wood and composite material, etc.
Grade YG10X: This grade is suitable for machining materials such as common steel, non-ferrous metals, and cast iron, etc. It can process materials with hardness up to HRC 45.
Grade BT15: This grade is suitable for machining common steel, cast iron, stainless steel, heat-resistant steel, chilled hardened steel, nickel base alloy and titanium alloy, etc. It can process materials with hardness up to HRC 55.
Grade BT20: This grade is suitable for machining stainless steel, heat-resistant steel, chilled hardened steel, cast iron, nickel base alloy and titanium alloy, etc. It can process materials with hardness up to HRC 55.
Grade BT25: This grade is suitable for machining alloy steel, titanium alloy, chilled hardened steel cast iron, aluminium alloy, etc. It can process materials with hardness up to HRC 58.
Grade BT25UF: This grade is suitable for machining alloy steel, stainless steel, aluminium alloy, chilled hardened steel and titanium alloy, etc. It can process materials with hardness up to HRC 65.
 
Tungsten carbide end mill sizes:
Specification
Diameter
Cutting Length
Shank
Total length
Flutes
3*8*3*50
3
8
3
50
2/4
3*12*3*75
3
12
3
75
2/4
3*15*3*100
3
15
3
100
2/4
1*3*4*50
1
3
4
50
2/4
1.5*4*4*50
1.5
4
4
50
2/4
2*5*4*50
2
5
4
50
2/4
2.5*7*4*50
2.5
7
4
50
2/4
3*8*4*50
3
8
4
50
2/4
3.5*10*4*50
3.5
10
4
50
2/4
4*10*4*50
4
10
4
50
2/4
4*16*4*75
4
16
4
75
2/4
4*20*4*100
4
20
4
100
2/4
5*13*5*50
5
13
5
50
2/4
5*20*5*75
5
20
5
75
2/4
5*25*5*100
5
25
5
100
2/4
1*3*6*50
1
3
6
50
2/4
1.5*4*6*50
1.5
4
6
50
2/4
2*5*6*50
2
5
6
50
2/4
2.5*7*6*50
2.5
7
6
50
2/4
3*8*6*50
3
8
6
50
2/4
3.5*10*6*50
3.5
10
6
50
2/4
4*10*6*50
4
10
6
50
2/4
4.5*12*6*50
4.5
12
6
50
2/4
5*13*6*50
5
13
6
50
2/4
5.5*15*6*50
5.5
15
6
50
2/4
6*15*6*50
6
15
9
50
2/4
6*25*6*75
6
25
6
75
2/4
6*30*6*100
6
30
6
100
2/4
6*40*6*150
6
40
6
150
2/4
7*18*8*60
7
18
8
60
2/4
8*20*8*60
8
20
8
60
2/4
8*28*8*75
8
28
8
75
2/4
8*35*8*100
8
35
8
100
2/4
8*50*8*150
8
50
8
150
2/4
9*23*10*75
9
23
10
75
2/4
10*25*10*75
10
25
10
75
2/4
10*40*10*100
10
40
10
100
2/4
10*50*10*150
10
50
10
150
2/4
11*28*12*75
11
28
12
75
2/4
12*30*12*75
12
30
12
75
2/4
12*45*12*100
12
45
12
100
2/4
12*60*12*150
12
60
12
150
2/4
14*35*14*80
14
35
14
80
2/4
13*45*14*100
13
45
14
100
2/4
14*45*14*100
14
45
14
100
2/4
14*60*14*150
14
60
14
150
2/4
15*45*16*100
15
45
16
100
2/4
16*45*16*100
16
45
16
100
2/4
16*60*16*150
16
60
16
150
2/4
18*45*18*100
18
45
18
100
2/4
18*70*18*150
18
70
18
150
2/4
20*45*20*100
20
45
20
100
2/4
20*70*20*150
20
70
20
150
2/4
Our company supports customization of carbide end mill size and shape, welcome to send us drawings.
 
Carbide end mill details:
Coating：
Details
TiN
TiAIN
AITiN
TISIN
Nano Blue
DLC
Color
Golden
Purple
Black
antique
brass
Dazzle blue
Dazzle black
HV
2300
3200
3400
3600
42(GPA)
1000~4000
Thickness/
μm
0.4
0.5
0.5
0.4
0.4
0.5-2.0
Friction
coefficient
0.4
0.35
0.4
0.45
0.4
0.05
MAX
Temperature
500
800
900
1000
1200
400
Description
 
Cost-effective.
 
General.
High speed milling and
high HRC material.
Processing
copper,
titanium and
mold Steel.
General
high speed
milling.
Non-ferrous
metals,
graphite and
plastics.
 
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### Manufacturer of High-Quality Tungsten Carbide Studs For HPGR
Grade of carbide studs for HPGR :
Grades
Density
(g/cm³)
Hardness
(HRA)
T.RS
(N/mm²)
Main Application
BTD15
14
86.5
2800
High hardness,high toughness,mainly used
for roller press rollers,suitable for cement
crushing
BTD18
13.75
85
2800
High hardness,high toughness,mainly used
for roller press rollers,suitable for cement
crushing
BTD20
13.5
84.5
3300
high toughness,mainly used for roller press
rollers,suitable for cement crushing
HPGR studs sizes：
Type
Basic size(mm)
Diameter(ΦD)
Height(H)
BTSQ1640
16.2
40
BTSQ1645
16.2
45
BTSQ1040
10.2
40
Tungsten carbide studs for HPGR details:
 
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### High quality Tungsten Carbide Inserts For Snow Plow Cutting Edges And Blades YG11C
Grade of carbide inserts for snow plow cutting edges :
Grade
WC(%)
Co(%)
Hardness(HRA)
TRS((N/mm²))
YG6
94 
6 
≥90.5
1860 
YG8C
92 
8 
≥88.0
2300
YG11C
89 
11 
≥87.0
2450 
YG15C
85 
15 
≥85.5
2600 
 
Tungsten carbide insert for snow blades sizes：
Type
Dimension(MM)
L
S
H
NC-12502
25.4
9.27
16.13
NC-12502S
25.15
9.27
16.13
NC-12502L
28.58
9.27
16.13
Type
Dimension(MM)
L
S
H
NF-14502S
25.4
9.27
14.27
NF-14502L
28.58
9.27
14.27
Tungsten carbide tips for snow plow cutting edges details:
 
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### High quality YG6 tungsten brazed carbide tips manufacturer
Brazed carbide tips grades:
Carbide
Grade
ISO
Grade
ANSI
Grade
Physical and Chemical Property
Performance & Applications
Density (G/CM3)
TRS (N/MM2)
Hardness(HRA)
 
YT15
 
P10
 
C7
 
11.3
 
1650
 
92
High wear resistance with good impact toughness. Suitable for semi-finishing of medium chip loads, or finishing of light chip loads on steel, cast steel, and alloy steel.
 
YT14
 
P20
 
C6
 
11.4
 
1750
 
91.5
High strength, good impact and shock resistance. Suitable for rough turning and finish milling of carbon steel and alloy steel in continuous cutting, as well as semi-finishing and finishing in interrupted cutting.
 
YT5
 
P30
 
C5
 
12.9
 
2200
 
90.5
Best strength and high impact and shock resistance among WC-Co-Ti alloys, but comparatively lower wear resistance. Suitable for rough turning, rough planing, and semi-finish planing of carbon steel and alloy steel.
 
YW1
 
M10
 
——
 
13
 
1710
 
92.5
Good red hardness and resistance to impact loads. A good general-purpose grade. Suitable for machining ordinary steel, cast iron, as well as hard-to-machine steels such as refractory steel, high manganese steel, and stainless steel.
 
YW2
 
M20
 
——
 
12.9
 
1880
 
91
High wear resistance and strength, resistant to high-impact loads. Suitable for roughing and semi-finishing of ordinary steel, cast iron, as well as refractory steel, high manganese steel, and high-grade alloy steel.
 
YG6X
 
K15
 
C3
 
14.9
 
1890
 
91.5
A fine-grained WC alloy with wear resistance higher than YG6 and strength close to YG6. Suitable for machining chilled alloy cast iron and refractory alloy steel, as well as for finishing ordinary cast iron.
 
YG6
 
K20
 
C2
 
14.9
 
2050
 
90.5
High wear resistance and good impact and shock resistance. Suitable for semi-finishing and finishing of cast iron, non-ferrous metals, alloys, and non-metallic materials at moderate cutting speeds.
 
YG8
 
K30
 
C1
 
14.7
 
2520
 
90
High strength and good impact and shock resistance, but lower wear resistance and cutting speed. Suitable for roughing of cast iron, non-ferrous metals, alloys, and non-metallic materials at low speeds.
Tungsten carbide brazed tips sizes:
TYpe
Dimension(MM)
L
t
S
re
e
α°
C110
10
4
3
0.5
一
一
C116
16
6
4
0.5
0.8
10
C120
20
8
5
0.5
0.8
10
C122
22
10
6
0.5
0.8
10
C125
25
12
7
0.8
0.8
10
Brazed carbide tips details:
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### Long-life tungsten carbide bed knives for strand pelletizers cutting plastic
Tungsten carbide bed knives grade:
Grade
WC(%)
Co(%)
Hardness(HRA)
TRS(Mpa)
BU03
97
3
≥94.5
3500
BU06
94
6
≥94.5
3600
Tungsten carbide bed knives sizes:
L(MM)
W(MM)
H(MM)
150
14
8
200
30
10
230
20
8
305
20
8
305
20
9.5
318
20
8
340
20
8
350
20
8
We support customization, please provide us with drawings.
 
Carbide bed knives details:
Carbide bed knife advantages:
 
1.Unparalleled wear resistance
This is the most prominent advantage of cemented carbide. Its hardness is far higher than any other tool steel (HRA can reach around 93, far exceeding HRC 60 steel). When cutting highly abrasive materials (such as fiberglass-reinforced plastics, carbon fibers, and highly filled materials), its service life can be dozens or even hundreds of times that of ordinary steel bed cutters. This significantly reduces the frequency of blade changes and downtime.
2. Extremely long service life
This is directly due to its extremely high wear resistance. While the initial purchase cost is high, its extremely long service life means lower per-process costs and higher productivity, which is ultimately more economical in the long run.
3. Excellent compressive strength
Cemented carbide resists deformation under extreme pressure and maintains extremely high dimensional stability, ensuring precise cutting gaps and consistent cut quality.
4. Moderate corrosion resistance
Its chemical stability surpasses that of ordinary tool steel, making it more resistant to corrosion from certain plastic additives or chemicals in the machining environment.
 
 
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### High Hardness Tungsten Steel Plate And Block For Cutting And Molding
Tungsten steel plate, block & sheet grades:
Grade
Composition (%)
Density (g/cm3)
Hardness (HRA)
T.R.S （N/mm²）
YG6A
6%co 94%wc
14.85
≥92.5
≥2000
YG8
8%co 92%wc
14.7
≥89.8
≥2800
YG10X
10%co 90%wc
14.35
≥91.5
≥3600
YG11
11%co 89%wc
14.4
≥88.5
≥2900
YG15
15%co 85%wc
14
≥87.0
≥3000
YG20
20%co 80%wc
13.5
≥85.5
≥2800
YG13X
13%co 87%wc
14.2
≥90.0
≥3200
BT15
10%co 90%wc
14.35
≥92.2
≥3900
YG6A
Fine grain alloy, good wear resistance. It is suitable for manufacturing forming cutter, wear-resistant parts etc. For forming cutter, it is suitable for machining aluminium magnesium alloy, graphite, plastic and composite material, etc.
YG8
High bending strength, wear resistance lower than YG6A, suitable for manufacturing forming cutter, wear-resistant parts etc.
YG11
YG15
Suitable for manufacturing punching dies, wear-resistant parts etc.
YG20
High bending strength, suitable for manufacturing progressive dies and other punching dies.
YG13X
BT15
Ultra-fine grain size, High performance, making cutting tools, suitable for cutting ordinary alloy steel, aluminum alloy, heat resistant alloy, cast iron, etc.
Tungsten steel plate, block & sheet sizes:
Length
L(mm)
Width
W(mm)
Thicknes
T(mm)
Length
Tolerance(mm)
Width
Toleranee(mm)
Thickness
Tolerance(mm)
330
2~3
1~3
+7.0
+3.0
+0.4
+0.2
+0.35
+0.15
330
3~8
1~3
+7.0
+3.0
+0.5
+0.3
+0.35
+0.15
330
8~14
2~5
+7.0
+3.0
+0.5
+0.3
+0.35
+0.15
330
14~34
2~11
+7.0
+3.0
+0.6
+0.4
+0.5
+0.2
Tungsten steel plate, block & sheet details:
Primary Applications of tungsten steel plate, block & sheet:
With high wear resistance, impact resistance and dimensional stability, tungsten steel plate, block & sheet offer key solutions for harsh industrial conditions. Main applications:
1.Wear-Resistant Components & Liners​
Processed into mining equipment liners, pump flow-through parts (for abrasive slurries), cement chute liners and conveyor scraper blades. Core function: Prevent wear from high-velocity granular materials (ores, sand, coal powder), greatly extending equipment life and reducing downtime.​
2.Precision Stamping & Forming Dies​
Blanking Dies: For silicon steel sheet blanking, electronic lead frame stamping, ceramic tile extrusion. Service life tens to hundreds of times longer than steel dies, ensuring mass production dimensional consistency.​
Drawing Dies: For metal wire/rod drawing and cup deep drawing. Low friction and high surface finish reduce workpiece scratches.​
Cold Heading/Extrusion Dies: Adapt to room-temperature metal forming, withstanding high pressure and wear.​
3.Precision Measurement & Positioning Parts​
Used to make gauge blocks, precision caliper heads, V-shaped positioning seats and machine tool guide sliders. Extremely low thermal expansion and corrosion resistance ensure long-term measuring accuracy and prevent wear-induced gaps in positioning parts.​
4.Custom Tool Substrates​
Processed via wire cutting or precision grinding into lead cutters, PCB V-groove knives and special-shaped shears. Suitable for cutting solid wood, particleboard, engineering plastics, cast steel, cast iron and stainless steel.
 
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### High quality precision machined tungsten carbide shaft sleeve manufacturer YG6
Tungsten carbide shaft sleeve grades:
Grade
Composition (%)
Density (g/cm3)
Hardness (HRA)
T.R.S （N/mm²）
YG6
6%co 94%wc
14.85
≥92.5
≥2000
YG8
8%co 92%wc
14.7
≥89.8
≥2800
YG10X
10%co 90%wc
14.35
≥91.5
≥3600
YG11
11%co 89%wc
14.4
≥88.5
≥2900
YG6
Fine grain alloy, good wear resistance. It is suitable for making carbide sleeves and tungsten carbide bushings, wear-resistant parts, etc.
YG8
High bending strength, wear resistance lower than YG6. It is suitable for making carbide sleeves and carbide bushings, wear-resistant parts, etc.
YG11
Tungsten carbide shaft sleeve uses:
1.Petroleum and Natural Gas Industry
Used in mud motor bearings for drilling equipment to resist sand erosion and extend service life by 3-5 times.
Shaft support for submersible oil pumps and slurry pumps, capable of withstanding high pressure (up to 25MPa) and preventing medium leakage.
2.Chemical and Corrosion-Resistant Environments
In refinery FCC units, resistant to high temperatures of 400°C and sulfur-containing media erosion, significantly outperforming stainless steel sleeves in service life.
Low surface roughness (below Ra 0.2μm) reduces fluid resistance and improves pump efficiency by 5%-8%.
3.High-Load Mechanical Transmission
In equipment such as mining crushers and steel rolling mills, capable of withstanding cyclic loads with compressive strength up to 6800MPa.
After application in steel rolling mills, bearing service life increased from 800 hours to 5000 hours.
4.Precision Equipment and Specialized Industries
Sealing components for aerospace turbine engines, maintaining dimensional stability at 1000°C high temperatures.
Wafer dicing spindle positioning accuracy reaches ±2μm, reducing defect rates.
Details of tungsten carbide shaft sleeve:
 
We can make the carbide shaft sleeves as per your drawings.
 
Please send us inquiries for quotations and free samples for testing:
 
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### High quality tungsten carbide sandblasting nozzle manufacturer YG6
Tungsten carbide sandblasting nozzle grade:
Grade
Composition (%)
Density (g/cm3)
Hardness (HRA)
T.R.S (N/mm²)
YG6
6%co 94%wc
14.85
≥92.5
≥2000
YG8
8%co 92%wc
14.7
≥89.8
≥2800
YG10X
10%co 90%wc
14.35
≥91.5
≥3600
YG11
11%co 89%wc
14.4
≥88.5
≥2900
YG6
Fine grain alloy, good wear resistance. It is suitable for making carbide nozzles, wear-resistant parts, etc.
YG8
High bending strength, wear resistance lower than YG6. It is suitable for making carbide nozzles, wear-resistant parts, etc.
YG11
Tungsten carbide sandblasting nozzle sizes:
D
D1
D2
d
d1
H
HI
a°
15
4
20-60
50
15
5
20-60
50°
15
6
20-60
50°
16
5
20-60
50
16
6
20-60
50°
16
8
20-60
50°
20
6
20-80
55°
20
8
20-80
55°
20
10
20-80
55°
21
10
20-80
55°
32.5
26
19.5
8
14
80-170
50
32.5
26
19.5
10
14
80-170
50
32
25
12.5
4
50-080
32
25
12.5
6
50-80
Custom sizing is also available. Please provide us with your specifications.
 
Tungsten carbide sandblasting nozzle details:
 
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### High performance tungsten carbide anvils manufacturer YG8
Grades of tungsten carbide anvils:
 
Grade
 
Co%
 
Density(g/cm³)
 
Hardness (HRA)
 
TRS
(N/mm²)
BTN8
8
14.7
91.5
3500
BTN10
10
14.5
92
3800
Sizes of tungsten carbide anvils (MM):
Type
D
E
H
a
Metric size
Allowable deviation
Metric size
Allowable deviation
Metric size
Allowable deviation
46°
TCA636
105.5
+1.5
-0.5
35.6
±0.5
76
+2.0
-0.5
46°
TCA646
116
+1.7
-0.5
43
±0.6
82.5
+2.0
+0.5
46°
TCA645-2
129
2
44.5
±0.5
96
+2.5
+0.5
46°
TCA647-2
122
+2.0
+0.7
47
±0.5
90
+2.0
+0.7
46°
TCA648
129
+3.6
+1.6
48
±0.5
101
1
46°
TCA648-6
129
2
47.5
±0.5
96.4
1
46°
TCA652
129
+1.5
-0.5
52
±0.5
93
+2.0
+1.0
46°
TCA661
160
+2.5
+1.5
61
±0.5
115
+2.5
+1.5
46°
TCA665-6
175
+4.0
+2.0
65.5
±0.5
129
+3.0
+1.0
46°
Series
Type
Dimensions
D
E
H
F
β
 
φ103
GDCΦ103/32.5×12.5×41×76
103
32.5
76
12.5
41°
GDCφ103/32.5×11.5×41×75.5
103
32.5
75.5
11.5
41°
φ105
GDCφ105/32.5×12.5×41.5×75.5
105
32.5
75.5
12.5
41.5°
GDCφ105/33×12.5×41×76
105
33
76
12.5
41°
φ110
GDCφ110.2/38×13×41.5×80
110.2
38
80
13
41.5°
GDCφ110.3/39×13×41.5×80
110.3
39
80
13
41.5°
φ114
GDCφ114.6/39.5×13×41.5×82.5
114.6
39.5
82.5
13
41.5°
 
 
 
Φ115
GDCφ115/38×13×41×82.5
115
38
82.5
13
41°
GDCφ115.1/38.5×14×41.5×82.5
115.1
38.5
82.5
14
41.5°
GDCΦ115.6/39.5×13×41.5×82.5
115.6
39.5
82.5
13
41.5°
GDCΦ115.3/39×13×41.5×82.5
115.3
39
82.5
13
41.5°
GDCΦ115.9/40×13×42×82.5
115.9
40
82.5
13
42°
GDCφ115.2/41×13×42×82.5
115.2
41
82.5
13
42°
GDCΦ115/41×13×41.5×82.5
115
41
82.5
13
41.5°
 
 
φ122
GDCφ112/43×12×41×91
112
43
91
12
41°
GDCφ112.3/43×13×41×91
112.3
43
91
13
41°
GDCΦ112.4/43×13×41.5×91
112.4
43
91
13
41.5°
GDCΦ112.8/43.5×13×41.5×90
112.8
43.5
90
13
41.5°
 
 
 
φ127
GDCΦ127/43.5×13×41.5×95
127
43.5
95
13
41.5°
GDCΦ127.8/43.5×13×41×95
127.8
43.5
95
13
41°
GDCΦ127.3/44×13×41.5×95
127.3
44
95
13
41.5°
GDCΦ127.4/46×13.5×41.5×95
127.4
46
95
13.5
41.5°
GDCΦ127.8/46×12×41.5×95
127.8
46
95
12
41.5°
φ128
GDCφ128/46×13×41.5×95
128
46
95
13
41.5°
φ142
GDCφ142/49×15×41.5×102
142
49
102
15
41.5°
Φ148
GDCφ148.5/54×15×41.5×100
148
54
100
15
41.5°
Φ160
GDCΦ160/55.5×15×41.5×115
160
55.5
115
15
41.5°
Φ175
GDCΦ175/63×15×41.5×128
175.32
63
128
15
41.5°
Φ160
GDCΦ160/57×15×41.5×115
160
57
115
15
41.5°
φ199
GDCφ199/76×22×41.5×142
199
76
142
22
41.5°
Custom sizing is also available. Please provide us with your specifications.
 
Tungsten carbide anvils pressing 1200T, which can make OD 240MM anvils:
 
Details of carbide anvils:
Three-coordinate dimensional inspection of precision-ground tungsten carbide anvil:
Precautions for using of carbide anvils:
1.Residual Stress Relief
Anvils retain residual stress after finish machining. Prior to use, aging treatments such as natural aging, oven aging, oil boiling, vacuum aging, or ultrasonic aging must be performed. Natural aging requires ≥1 month; oven aging must be conducted at ≤250°C for ≥72 hours.
2.Anvil Assembly Specifications
The tapers of the anvils and steel rings must match, with a contact area ≥90%. Press-fit height should be 8–10 mm for diameters <127 mm and 10–12 mm for diameters ≥127 mm. Avoid point contact between anvils and size spacers to prevent stress concentration.
3.Raw/Auxiliary Material Requirements
Steel rings and size spacers must meet machining accuracy standards. Inner wall surface finish of steel rings: Ra 1.6. Ovality and taper must match anvil geometric tolerances. Size spacer parallelism ≤0.02 mm; hardness must be appropriate.
Pyrophyllite roasting temperature and duration must be controlled to ensure proper pressure transmission and prevent moisture-related explosions.
Conductive steel rings must be rust-free, crack-free, stored dry, and show no blueing (oxidation) after baking.
4.Equipment Requirements
The press must have precise adjustment capability, no leaks, and synchronism/neutrality deviation ≤0.2 mm.
5.Operational Requirements
During assembly:
Inspect pyrophyllite for cracks/impurities and verify correct orientation of thin/thick steel discs.
Clean all six anvil surfaces before installation to avoid crushing or electrical discharge.
Ensure all four sides of each anvil are properly aligned to prevent failure/explosion.
Check cylinder movement: fixed cylinders must not misoperate; moving cylinders must pause at position.
Maintain pressure for ≥1 minute after heating stops to prevent rupture during pressure release.
 
 
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### High quality carbide wear block for mining crushing machinery
Carbide wear block grades:
Grade
Co(%)
Density
(g/cm³)
Hardness
(HRA)
Average Grain Size
(μm)
TRS
(N/mm²)
BK5
6
14.90
88.0
3-5
2300
BK3
8
14.70
87.0
3-5
2400
BK2
9
14.60
86.7
3-5
2450
BK1
10
14.50
86.3
3-5
2500
BK13
13
14.20
85.5
3-5
2700
BK15
15
14.00
84.5
3-5
2900
BCK13
13
14.20
85.0
4-7
2650
YG11C
11
14.40
86.5
2-3
2450
YG13C
12
14.30
86.0
2-3
2500
YG15C
14
14.10
85.5
2-3
2600
Carbide wear block details:
Carbide wear blocks applications:
 	Protecting Vulnerable Parts of Construction and Mining Equipment:
1.1 Excavator Bucket: Welded onto the bucket's lip plate, sidewalls, and bottom, especially around tooth adapters, to prevent rapid wear during excavation and loading of rock, gravel, and ore.
1.2 Loader Bucket: Installed on the bucket's cutting edge, side edges, rear wall, and bottom to resist impact and abrasion from materials (e.g., crushed stone, ore, scrap steel).
1.3 Dozer Blade: Installed on the blade moldboard, end bits (sides), and corners to protect against severe wear from soil, rock, and rubble.
1.4 Motor Grader Blade: Installed on the blade bottom and cutting edge to resist abrasive wear during road construction and land leveling.
1.5 Scraper Bowl: Protects the bowl's cutting edge, sidewalls, and floor.
 	Extending the Lifespan of Material Handling Equipment:
2.1 Chutes and Hoppers: Installed in areas subject to high-impact, flow, and friction from materials (e.g., ore, coal, sand, grain, recycled scrap) at impact points, bends, and bottoms. Examples: Feed chutes under mine crushers, sinter chutes, ship loader hoppers, critical transition points in grain conveying systems.
2.2 Screen Deck Beams and Side Plates: On vibrating screens, beams and side plates endure continuous material impact and abrasion. Wear blocks can be welded onto these parts to reduce wear and extend screen frame life.
2.3 Mixer/Blender Liners: In equipment mixing abrasive materials (e.g., concrete aggregate, mineral slurry), welded onto high-wear areas of mixing arms, blades, or drum walls.
2.4 Screw Conveyor Flight Edges: Protects the edges of flights from wear during the conveying of abrasive materials.
 	Enhancing Wear Resistance in Mine Crushing and Grinding Equipment:
3.1 Jaw Crusher: Installed on specific high-wear areas of the moving jaw and fixed jaw plates as an additional protective layer.
3.2 Cone Crusher/Gyratory Crusher: Installed on the support ring or specific areas of the mantle (moving cone) and concave (fixed cone).
3.3 Impact Crusher: Installed on high-impact wear areas such as rotor blow bars, impact aprons/rear plates, and feed guides.
3.4 Hammer Crusher: Installed on shell liners, breaker plates (impact plates), and other parts subjected to repeated impact from material and hammers.
3.5 Ball Mill/Semi-Autogenous Grinding (SAG) Mill: Installed at key wear points like feed end liners, mill shell liner lifters, and discharge grates. While large liners themselves may be made of high-chromium cast iron or alloy steel, hard alloy blocks are often embedded at extreme wear points for enhanced wear resistance.
 	Protecting Agricultural Machinery:
4.1 Plowshares and Moldboards: Installed on the share point and moldboard wing, the parts in direct contact with soil and stones experiencing the most severe wear.
4.2 Planter Openers: Protects the edges and sides of opener discs or tines.
4.3 Combine Harvester Header: Installed on vulnerable wear points like divider points, cutterbar guards, and feederhouse floors.
4.4 Subsoiler Points: Welded onto the working surface of the point to resist soil abrasion.
 	Other Industrial Applications:
5.1 Recycling Industry: Inside equipment (e.g., shredders, crushers) processing scrap metal, construction debris, e-waste, to resist wear from extremely hard materials.
5.2 Cement Industry: At high-wear points in raw material mills, clinker crushers, and conveying equipment.
5.3 Steel Industry: Blast furnace charging systems, sinter crushers and conveyors, certain guides and guards in continuous casting equipment.
5.4 Snow Removal Equipment: Installed on snowplow cutting edges and wing plates to resist wear from ice/snow mixtures and road grit/sand.
 	Shield tunneling machine / Tunnel Boring Machine.
In short: Hard alloy wear blocks are a vital solution for extending service life, ensuring operational efficiency, and improving the cost-effectiveness of key vulnerable parts in industrial equipment and machinery wherever severe abrasive wear, impact wear, or erosive wear occurs. They act as a "sacrificial" protective layer, safeguarding more expensive, larger, and harder-to-replace base components.
 
Our customer background for carbide blocks: We supply tungsten carbide blocks for China Railway Group (CREC),Vermeer, etc.
 
We support product customization. Please send us inquiries for quotations and free samples for testing:
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### High quality tungsten carbide tips for mining drilling rig tools YG6 YG8
The grades for tungsten carbide tips :
Grade
WC(%)
Co(%)
Hardness(HRA)
TRS((N/mm²))
YG6
94 
6 
≥90.5
1860 
YG8
92 
8 
≥89.0
2060 
YG11
89 
11 
≥87.5
2100 
YG15
85 
15 
≥87.5
2500 
 
Tungsten carbide tips sizes：
Sizes
Type
W
H
T
a°
BT630613
6.3
6
1.3
130
BT830715
8.3
7
1.5
130
BT100820
10.3
8
2
130
BT120920
12.3
9
2
130
BT141023
14.3
10
2.3
130
BT161123
16.3
11
2.3
130
BT181225
18.3
12
2.5
130
BT201328
20.3
13
2.8
130
BT221432
22.3
14
3.2
130
BT251532
25
15
3.2
130
BT261532
26
15
3.2
130
BT281638
28.3
16
3.8
130
BT301738
30.3
17
3.8
130
BT321838
32.3
18
3.8
130
BT352038
35.3
20
3.8
130
BT382250
38.3
22
5
130
Tungsten carbide tips for mining details:
Please send us inquiries for quotations and free samples for testing:
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### High performance tungsten carbide disc blanks manufacturers
Grades of tungsten carbide disc blanks:
Grade
Density(g/cm3)
Hardness(HRA)
TRS(Mpa)
YG6X
14.9
≥92.5
2400
YG6
14.7
≥90.0
2400
YG8
14.7
≥89.5
2800
YG10X
14.35
≥91.8
3600
YS2T
14.3
≥92.0
2500
YG13X
14.2
≥90.0
3200
YG6X
Fine grain alloy, good wear resistance. It is suitable for semi-finishing the chilled cast iron, nonferrous metal and its alloy. It is also suitable for semi-finishing and finishing the hardened steel and alloy steel.
YG6
High toughness. It is suitable for rough machining cast iron, non-ferrous metal and its alloy as well as non-metallic materials at low cutting speed.
YG8
High toughness. It is suitable for rough machining cast iron, non-ferrous metal and its alloy as well as non-metallic materials at low cutting speed.
YG10X
Fine grain alloy, with good wear resistance. It is suitable for machining hardwood, plywood, PCB, PVC and metals.
YS2T
Fine grain alloy, with high wear resistance, bending strength, bonding resistance and thermal strength. It is suitable for machining plywood, PCB, PVC, refractory alloys, stainless steel and high manganese steel, etc.
YG13X
 Moderate wear resistance and bending strength. It is suitable for machining steel alloy etc.
Sizes of tungsten carbide disc blanks:
Type
OD(mm)
ID(mm)
Thickness(mm)
φ12×φ6×s
12
6
0.6-4.5
φ13×φ6×S
13
6
0.6-4.5
φ16×φ6×s
16
6
0.6-4.5
φ22×φ10×s
22
10
0.6-4.5
φ25×φ12×s
25
12
0.6-4.5
φ32×φ10×s
32
10
0.8-5.5
φ40×φ10×s
40
10
0.8-6.0
φ45×φ13×s
45
13
0.8-6.0
φ52×φ24.5×S
52
24.5
0.8-6.0
φ53×φ12×s
53
12
0.8-6.0
φ53×φ24.5×s
53
24.5
0.8-6.0
φ55×φ16×s
55
16
0.8-6.0
φ58×φ22×s
58
22
0.8-6.0
φ60×φ19×s
60
19
0.8-7.0
φ63×φ17×S
63
17u
0.8-7.0
φ70×φ22×s
70
22
0.8-7.0
φ75×φ22×S
75
22
0.8-7.0
φ80×φ22×s
80
22
0.8-7.0
φ83×φ21×s
83
21
0.8-7.0
φ86.5×φ21.5×s
86.5
21.5
1.0-7.0
φ90×φ22×s
90
22
1.0-7.0
φ100×φ22×s
100
22
1.0-7.0
φ125×φ22×s
125
22
1.0-7.0
φ200×φ70×s
200
70
3.0-4.5
φ250×φ70×s
250
70
3.0-4.5
φ250×φ160×s
250
160
3.0-4.5
φ250×φ92×s
250
95
3.0-4.5
φ310×φ193×s
310
193
3.0-4.5
φ310×φ198×S
310
198
3.0-4.5
Custom sizing is also available. Please provide us with your specifications.
 
Details of carbide disc blanks:
 
Please send us inquiries for quotations and free samples for testing:
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### High quality tungsten carbide pins manufacturer
Tungsten carbide pins grade:
Grade
Composition (%)
Density (g/cm3)
Hardness (HRA)
T.R.S (N/mm²)
YG6
6%co 94%wc
14.85
≥92.5
≥2000
YG8
8%co 92%wc
14.7
≥89.8
≥2800
YG10X
10%co 90%wc
14.35
≥91.5
≥3600
YG11
11%co 89%wc
14.4
≥88.5
≥2900
YG6
Fine grain alloy, good wear resistance. It is suitable for making tungsten carbide carbide horseshoe pins, wear-resistant parts, etc.
YG8
High bending strength, wear resistance lower than YG6. It is suitable for making tungsten carbide pins, wear-resistant parts, etc.
YG11
Other types of pins and support customization:
 
Please send us inquiries for quotations and free samples for testing:
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### High performance cemented carbide strips supplier
Grades of cemented carbide strips:
Grade
Composition (%)
Density (g/cm3)
Hardness (HRA)
T.R.S （N/mm²）
YG6A  / K05 / C2
6%co 94%wc
14.85
≥92.5
≥2000
YG8 /K30 / C6
8%co 92%wc
14.7
≥89.8
≥2800
YG10X / K30 / C7
10%co 90%wc
14.35
≥91.5
≥3600
YG11 / K30 / C8
11%co 89%wc
14.4
≥88.5
≥2900
YG15 / K30 / C9
15%co 85%wc
14
≥87.0
≥3000
YG20 / K40 / C10
20%co 80%wc
13.5
≥85.5
≥2800
YG13X /K30 / C8-C9
13%co 87%wc
14.2
≥90.0
≥3200
BT15 / K30 / C7
10%co 90%wc
14.35
≥92.2
≥3900
YG6A
It is a fine-grain alloy with high wear resistance, suitable for manufacturing forming tools, wear-resistant parts, etc.
YG8
It offers high bending strength but lower wear resistance than YG6A, and is suitable for manufacturing forming tools, wear-resistant parts, conveyor belt cleaner blades, etc.
YG11
YG15
With high impact toughness, it is suitable for manufacturing punching dies, wear-resistant parts, etc.
YG20
With high bending strength, it is suitable for manufacturing progressive dies and other punching dies.
YG13X
BT15
Featuring ultra-fine grain size and high performance, it is ideal for manufacturing cutting tools used on ordinary alloy steel, aluminum alloy, heat-resistant alloy, cast iron, etc.
Sizes of cemented carbide strips:
Length
L(mm)
Width
W(mm)
Thicknes
T(mm)
Length
Tolerance(mm)
Width
Toleranee(mm)
Thickness
Tolerance(mm)
330
2~3
1~3
+7.0
+3.0
+0.4
+0.2
+0.35
+0.15
330
3~8
1~3
+7.0
+3.0
+0.5
+0.3
+0.35
+0.15
330
8~14
2~5
+7.0
+3.0
+0.5
+0.3
+0.35
+0.15
330
14~34
2~11
+7.0
+3.0
+0.6
+0.4
+0.5
+0.2
Custom sizing is also available. Please provide us with your specifications.
 
Details of cemented carbide strips:
Please send us inquiries for quotations and free samples for testing:
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### High quality tungsten carbide mining bit inserts K032 K034 K036 K038
The grades for tungsten carbide mining bit inserts K032 K034 K036 K038 :
Grade
WC(%)
Co(%)
Hardness(HRA)
TRS((N/mm²))
YG6
94 
6 
≥90.5
1860 
YG8
92 
8 
≥89.0
2060 
YG11
89 
11 
≥87.5
2100 
YG15
85 
15 
≥87.5
2500 
 
Tungsten carbide mining bit insert sizes：
    Type
Basic dimension (mm)
Referenced dimension  (mm)
L
H
S
R
r
r₁
K026
26
18
8
180
13
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
0.5~1.0
K028
28
18
8
180
14
K030
30
18
8
180
15
K032
32
18
8
180
16
K0-98014
33
16
9.2
180
1
K034
34
18
10
180
17
K036
36
18
10
180
18
K0-96011
38
13.5
9.2
180
/
K038B
38
15
10
180
19
K0-99030
40
13.5
9
180
/
K0-94005
40
14.5
9
180
/
K0-96012
40
13.5
9.2
180
/
K040B
40
15
10
180
20
K040
40
18
10
180
20
K0-96013
42
13.5
9.2
180
21
K042B
42
15
10
180
21
K042
42
18
10
180
21
K015B
43
15
10
180
1
K044
44
18
10
180
22
K046
46
18
10
180
23
K049
49
18
10
180
24.5
Tungsten carbide mining bit inserts details:
 
 
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### Manufacturer of High-performance carbide grooving inserts
Carbide grooving inserts model;
Carbide grooving inserts details:
 
Metal materials that can be processed:
1. Stainless steel 304/316.
2. Carbon steel, alloy steel and quenched and tempered steel.
3. Cast iron and alloy cast iron.
 
Support customized packaging.
 
Please send us inquiries for quotations and free samples for testing:
 
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### Manufacturer of High-Performance wnmg 0804 carbide inserts
WNMG carbide inserts model;
WNMG 0804 carbide inserts details:
 
 
 
Metal materials that can be processed:
1. Stainless steel 304/316.
2. Carbon steel, alloy steel and quenched and tempered steel.
3. Cast iron and alloy cast iron.
 
Support customized packaging.
 
Please send us inquiries for quotations and free samples for testing:
 
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### Manufacturer of High-Performance APMT1604 Carbide Inserts for CNC Milling Machines
APMT1604 carbide inserts model;
APMT1604 carbide inserts details:
 
 
Metal materials that can be processed:
1. Stainless steel 304/316.
2. Carbon steel, alloy steel and quenched and tempered steel.
3. Cast iron and alloy cast iron.
4. It can efficiently process copper alloys and aluminum alloys.
5. Non-metallic materials such as graphite and plastics.
 
Support customized packaging.
 
Please send us inquiries for quotations and free samples for testing:
 
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### High performance tungsten carbide square bar C6 C8 K10 K20 K30 K40 YG6 YG8 YG15
Tungsten carbide square bar grades:
Grade
Composition (%)
Density (g/cm3)
Hardness (HRA)
T.R.S (N/mm²)
YG6A  / K05 / C2
6%co 94%wc
14.85
≥92.5
≥2000
YG8 /K30 / C6
8%co 92%wc
14.7
≥89.8
≥2800
YG10X / K30 / C7
10%co 90%wc
14.35
≥91.5
≥3600
YG11 / K30 / C8
11%co 89%wc
14.4
≥88.5
≥2900
YG15 / K30 / C9
15%co 85%wc
14
≥87.0
≥3000
YG20/ K40 / C10
20%co 80%wc
13.5
≥85.5
≥2800
YG13X /K30 / C8-C9
13%co 87%wc
14.2
≥90.0
≥3200
BT15 / K30 / C7
10%co 90%wc
14.35
≥92.2
≥3900
YG6A
Fine grain alloy, good wear resistance. It is suitable for manufacturing forming cutter, wear-resistant parts etc.
YG8
High bending strength, wear resistance lower than YG6A, suitable for manufacturing forming cutter, spring coiling machine guide roller, cutter, forming tool, wear-resistan parts etc.
YG11
YG15
Suitable for manufacturing punching dies, wear-resistant parts etc.
YG20
High bending strength, suitable for manufacturing progressive dies and other punching dies.
YG13X
BT15
Ultra-fine grain size, High performance, making cutting tools, suitable for cutting ordinary alloy steel, aluminum alloy, heat resistant alloy, cast iron, etc.
Tungsten carbide square bar sizes:
Length
L(mm)
Width
W(mm)
Thicknes
T(mm)
Length
Tolerance(mm)
Width
Toleranee(mm)
Thickness
Tolerance(mm)
330
2~3
1~3
+7.0
+3.0
+0.4
+0.2
+0.35
+0.15
330
3~8
1~3
+7.0
+3.0
+0.5
+0.3
+0.35
+0.15
330
8~14
2~5
+7.0
+3.0
+0.5
+0.3
+0.35
+0.15
330
14~34
2~11
+7.0
+3.0
+0.6
+0.4
+0.5
+0.2
Carbide square bar details:
 
Please send us inquiries for quotations and free samples for testing:
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### High quality tungsten carbide preforms manufacturer
Tungsten carbide preforms grade:
     Grade
      ISO Grade
 WC
(%)
   Co
  (%)
Grain Size
      (μm)
Hardness
（HRA）
   Density
  （g/cm³）
    TRS
   （N/mm²）
BU06
K05-K10
94
6
0.5
94
   14.75
       3600
YG10X
K20 - K30
90
10
0.8
91.5
14.35
      3600
BT15
K20 - K30
90
10
0.7
92.2
14.35
      3900
BT20
K20 - K30
90
10
0.6
92.3
14.4
    4000
BT25
K30 - K40
88
12
0.6
92.5
14.1
     4000
BT25UF
K30 - K40
88
12
0.4
92.8
14.05
    4200
Carbide preforms details:
 
Our experience:
With decades of expertise in non-standard hard alloy manufacturing, Bortome Carbide has established a state-of-the-art production line in China, specializing in precision-engineered carbide prefabricated parts.
Leveraging advanced CIP (Cold Isostatic Pressing) billet forming technology and a fully integrated production system, we offer flexible order policies with no minimum quantity requirements, coupled with customized solutions tailored to client-specific blueprints. Our capabilities are further enhanced by a partner network providing precision grinding services and global express delivery, ensuring rapid fulfillment of complex, geometrically challenging tool blank materials.
 
Please send us inquiries for quotations and free samples for testing:
 
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### High quality tungsten carbide wear parts for mining crushing
Tungsten carbide wear parts for mining crushing grades:
Grade
Co(%)
Density
(g/cm³)
Hardness
(HRA)
Average Grain Size
(μm)
TRS
(N/mm²)
BK5
6
14.90
88.0
3-5
2300
BK3
8
14.70
87.0
3-5
2400
BK2
9
14.60
86.7
3-5
2450
BK1
10
14.50
86.3
3-5
2500
BK13
13
14.20
85.5
3-5
2700
BK15
15
14.00
84.5
3-5
2900
BCK13
13
14.20
85.0
4-7
2650
YG11C
11
14.40
86.5
2-3
2450
YG13C
12
14.30
86.0
2-3
2500
YG15C
14
14.10
85.5
2-3
2600
Tungsten carbide wear parts for mining crushing details:
 
Our customer background for carbide inserts: We supply tungsten carbide inserts for China Railway Group (CREC),Vermeer, etc.
 
Please send us inquiries for quotations and free samples for testing:
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### High quality tungsten carbide punches with competitive prices YG8 YG15
The grades for tungsten carbide punches:
 
Grade
WC(%)
Co(%)
Hardness(HRA)
TRS(N/mm²)
YG6
94
6
≥90.5
1860
YG8
92
8
≥89.5
2060
YG11
89
11
≥87.5
2100
YG15
85
15
≥87.5
2500
YG20
80
20
≥85
2600
Tungsten carbide punches details:
We are able to make the punches as per your drawings.
 
Please send us inquiries for quotations and free samples for testing:
 
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### Durable high quality tungsten carbide drill bits manufacturers​
Tungsten carbide drill bit blanks grades:
Grade BU06: This grade is suitable for machining aluminum magnesium alloy, graphite, plastic, wood and composite material, etc.
Grade YG10X: This grade is suitable for machining materials such as common steel, non-ferrous metals, and cast iron, etc. It can process materials with hardness up to HRC 45.
Grade BT15: This grade is suitable for machining common steel, cast iron, stainless steel, heat-resistant steel, chilled hardened steel, nickel base alloy and titanium alloy, etc. It can process materials with hardness up to HRC 55.
Grade BT20: This grade is suitable for machining stainless steel, heat-resistant steel, chilled hardened steel, cast iron, nickel base alloy and titanium alloy, etc. It can process materials with hardness up to HRC 55.
Grade BT25: This grade is suitable for machining alloy steel, titanium alloy, chilled hardened steel cast iron, aluminium alloy, etc. It can process materials with hardness up to HRC 58.
Grade BT25UF: This grade is suitable for machining alloy steel, stainless steel, aluminium alloy, chilled hardened steel and titanium alloy, etc. It can process materials with hardness up to HRC 65.
 
Tungsten carbide drill bits sizes:
 
Diameter(d)
Flute Length(L1)
Shank Diameter(D)
Shank Length(L2)
Overall Length
L
3.0-3.9
70
4
50
120
4.0-5.0
80
5
40
120
5.1-6.0
80
6
40
120
6.1-7.0
80
7
40
120
7.1-8.0
80
8
40
120
8.1-9.0
80
9
40
120
9.1-10.0
80
10
40
120
10.1-11.0
80
11
40
120
11.1-12.0
80
12
40
120
12.1-13.0
80
13
40
120
13.1-14.0
80
14
40
120
14.1-15.0
80
15
40
120
15.1-16.0
80
16
40
120
16.1-17.0
80
17
40
120
17.1-18.0
80
18
40
120
18.1-19.0
80
19
40
120
19.1-20.0
80
20
40
120
4.0-5.0
110
5
40
150
5.1-6.0
110
6
40
150
6.1-7.0
110
7
40
150
7.1-8.0
110
8
40
150
8.1-9.0
110
9
40
150
9.1-10.0
110
10
40
150
10.1-11.0
110
11
40
150
11.1-12.0
110
12
40
150
12.1-13.0
110
13
40
150
13.1-14.0
110
14
40
150
14.1-15.0
110
15
40
150
15.1-16.0
110
16
40
150
16.1-17.0
110
17
40
150
17.1-18.0
110
18
40
150
18.1-19.0
110
19
40
150
19.1-20.0
110
20
40
150
Our company supports customization of drill bit size and shape, welcome to send us drawings.
 
Tungsten carbide drill bits details:
 
 
Compatible Machine Tools：
 
 
Please send us inquiries for quotations and free samples for testing:
 
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### High quality tungsten carbide saw tips manufacturers
The tungsten carbide saw tips grades:
Grades of fine grain
Grade
Density
T.R.S
Hardness
Performance &application recommended
G/CM3
MPa
HRA
YG6X
14.7
1900
92.5
Hard wood, MDF, HDF, aluminum & plastic composites and thin
non-ferrous metals.
YG8A
14.5
2200
91
Hard wood, veneer board, PCB,PVC&metals.
YG8X
14.4
2420
92
Carbon steel, refractory steel, manganese steel, and stainless
steel.
YG2T
14.7
2000
91.2
General and hard wood
YG10X
14.8
2200
91
General and hard wood
YG10T
14.9
1890
91.5
General and hard wood
Grades of medium and coarse grain
YG6
14.9
2100
90
Hard wood, original wood, aluminum section bar, brass rod and
cast  iron.
YG8
14.7
2400
89.5
Dry wood,soft wood,aluminum and brass,graphite and grass
YG8C
14.7
2450
88.5
Soft and dry wood, general wood with loose knot, man-made
marble,ceramics and  grass.
YG9C
14.4
2600
87
For debarking and cutting of frozen wood, soft wood and
original wood.
YG11C
14.1
2200
90.5
Hard wood, non-ferrous metal, granite and marble.
YG15C
14
2700
86.5
For debarking and cutting of frozen wood, soft wood and
original wood.
Tungsten carbide saw tips applications:
 
Tungsten carbide saw tips details:
 
We are able to make the tungsten carbide saw tips as per your drawings.
 
Please send us inquiries for quotations and free samples for testing:
 
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### High quality tungsten carbide tubes YG6 YG8 K20 K30
Tungsten carbide tubes grades:
Grade
Composition (%)
Density (g/cm3)
Hardness (HRA)
T.R.S （N/mm²）
YG6
6%co 94%wc
14.85
≥92.5
≥2000
YG8
8%co 92%wc
14.7
≥89.8
≥2800
YG10X
10%co 90%wc
14.35
≥91.5
≥3600
YG11
11%co 89%wc
14.4
≥88.5
≥2900
YG6
Fine grain alloy, good wear resistance. It is suitable for making carbide tubes, carbide sleeves, tungsten carbide bushings, wear-resistant parts, etc.
YG8
High bending strength, wear resistance lower than YG6. It is suitable for making carbide tubes, tungsten carbide sleeves, carbide bushings, wear-resistant parts, etc.
YG11
Tungsten carbide tubes uses:
Carbide tubes are widely used in many fields, mainly including petrochemical, mould industry, submersible oil pumps, slurry pumps, water pumps, centrifugal pumps and other industrial equipment. In these applications, carbide tubes are mainly used to reduce wear, seal and protect components, and have the characteristics of high hardness resistance, high corrosion resistance, pressure resistance, wear resistance and high bending strength. ‌
 
In addition, carbide sleeves also play an important role in the following specific application fields:
 
‌Valve application‌: In valves, carbide tubes are installed in the stem cover steam trap to reduce valve leakage and seal.
 
‌Mould: used to manufacture wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant moulds, such as wire drawing moulds, stamping moulds, etc.
 
‌Petroleum industry‌: In the process of oil exploration, carbide wear-resistant tubes are widely used in various mechanical equipment, carbide wear-resistant sleeves are used to oil extraction pump components to ensure stable operation of equipment in rugged drilling environments, greatly improving drilling efficiency.
 
Other types of carbide tubes:
Carbide tubes sizes:
Dimensions
Remark
OD
ID
H
5-800 mm
4-790 mm
10-600 mm
Customized sizes are also available
We can make the carbide tubes as per your drawings.
 
Please send us inquiries for quotations and free samples for testing:
 
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### High-end tungsten carbide inserts manufacturers
Tungsten carbide inserts model;
Different types of tungsten carbide inserts:
Carbide turning inserts for lathe:
 
Tungsten carbide round inserts for tuning-lathe:
 
Tungsten carbide grooving inserts for lathe:
 
Tungsten carbide milling inserts for milling machine:
 
Metal materials that can be processed:
1. Stainless steel 304/316.
2. Carbon steel, alloy steel and quenched and tempered steel.
3. Cast iron and alloy cast iron.
 
Support customized packaging.
 
Please send us inquiries for quotations and free samples for testing:
 
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### High-end carbide inserts for CNC lathe and milling machine
Carbide inserts model;
Different types of carbide inserts:
Carbide turning inserts for lathe:
 
Carbide round inserts for tuning-lathe:
 
Carbide grooving inserts for lathe:
 
Carbide milling inserts for milling machine:
 
Metal materials that can be processed:
1. Stainless steel 304/316.
2. Carbon steel, alloy steel and quenched and tempered steel.
3. Cast iron and alloy cast iron.
 
Support customized packaging.
 
 
Please send us inquiries for quotations and free samples for testing:
 
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### High-end stepped carbide T-slot cutter rod blanks manufacturers
Stepped carbide T-slot cutter rod blanks grade:
     Grade
      ISO Grade
 WC
(%)
   Co
  (%)
Grain Size
      (μm)
Hardness
（HRA）
   Density
  （g/cm³）
    TRS
   （N/mm²）
BU06
K05-K10
94
6
0.5
94
   14.75
       3600
YG10X
K20 - K30
90
10
0.8
91.5
14.35
      3600
BT15
K20 - K30
90
10
0.7
92.2
14.35
      3900
BT20
K20 - K30
90
10
0.6
92.3
14.4
    4000
BT25
K30 - K40
88
12
0.6
92.5
14.1
     4000
BT25UF
K30 - K40
88
12
0.4
92.8
14.05
    4200
Stepped tungsten carbide T-slot cutter rod blanks details:
Please send us inquiries for quotations and free samples for testing:
 
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### High quality tungsten carbide wire drawing dies​ with competitive prices YG8 K30
The grades for tungsten carbide wire drawing dies:
Grade
WC(%)
Co(%)
Hardness(HRA)
TRS(N/mm²)
Application
 
YG6
 
94
 
6
 
≥90.5
 
1860
For drawing steel , nonferrous alloy bars of less than Dia. 20.00 mm under more stuess and also for drawing tubes of less than Dia. 10.00 mm.
 
YG8
 
92
 
8
 
≥89.5
 
2060
For drawing steel and nonferrous bars and tubes,also for manufacturing mechanical parts, tools and wear parts.
 
YG11
 
89
 
11
 
≥87.5
 
2100
For drawing steel and nonferrous bars and tubes in big sizes, also for manufacturing mechanical parts, tools and wear parts.
 
YG15
 
85
 
15
 
≥87.5
 
2500
For drawing steel bars and tubes with a high reduction rate and for manufacturing anvils, drinning and punching and impacting dies.
Tungsten carbide wire drawing dies sizes:
Size Range (Soft Wires)
Minimum Tolerance
Case Diameter
Case Height
0.1-0.5
±0.001
25/28
8/10
0.5-0.8
±0.003
25/28
8/10
0.8-1.0
±0.003
25/28
08/10/12
1.0-1.5
±0.003
25/28
10/12
1.5-1.8
±0.003
25/28/30
10/12/15
1.8-2.3
±0.005
25/28/30
12/14/15
1.8-2.3
±0.005
25/28/30
12/14/15
2.3-2.9
±0.005
35/40
20/25
3.0-3.2
±0.005
40/50/60
23/25/27
3.2-3.4
±0.01
40/50/60
23/25/27
3.4-4.0
±0.01
40/50/60
23/25/27
4.0-5.0
±0.01
40/50/60
23/25/27
b.0-6.b
±0.01
40/50/60
23/25/27
6.5-8.0
±0.015
40/50/60
23/25/27
We are able to make the carbide wire drawing dies as per your drawings.
 
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### High quality tungsten carbide dies with competitive prices YG15 YG20
The grades for tungsten carbide dies:
 
Grade
WC(%)
Co(%)
Hardness(HRA)
TRS(N/mm²)
YG6
94
6
≥90.5
1860
YG8
92
8
≥89.5
2060
YG11
89
11
≥87.5
2100
YG15
85
15
≥87.5
2500
YG20
80
20
≥85
2600
Tungsten carbide die details:
 
 
 
EDM Blocks:
We are able to make the dies as per your drawings.
 
Please send us inquiries for quotations and free samples for testing:
 
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### High quality precision machined tungsten carbide sleeve for pumps and valves YG6 YG8 K20 K30
Tungsten carbide sleeve grades:
Grade
Composition (%)
Density (g/cm3)
Hardness (HRA)
T.R.S （N/mm²）
YG6
6%co 94%wc
14.85
≥92.5
≥2000
YG8
8%co 92%wc
14.7
≥89.8
≥2800
YG10X
10%co 90%wc
14.35
≥91.5
≥3600
YG11
11%co 89%wc
14.4
≥88.5
≥2900
YG6
Fine grain alloy, good wear resistance. It is suitable for making carbide sleeves and tungsten carbide bushings, wear-resistant parts, etc.
YG8
High bending strength, wear resistance lower than YG6. It is suitable for making carbide sleeves and carbide bushings, wear-resistant parts, etc.
YG11
Tungsten carbide sleeve uses:
Carbide sleeves are widely used in many fields, mainly including petrochemical, submersible oil pumps, slurry pumps, water pumps, centrifugal pumps and other industrial equipment. In these applications, carbide sleeves are mainly used to reduce wear, seal and protect components, and have the characteristics of high hardness resistance, high corrosion resistance, pressure resistance, wear resistance and high bending strength. ‌
 
In addition, carbide sleeves also play an important role in the following specific application fields:
 
‌Valve application‌: In valves, carbide sleeves are installed in the stem cover steam trap to reduce valve leakage and seal.
 
‌Bearing application‌: In bearings, carbide sleeves are used to reduce wear between bearings and shaft seats and avoid increasing the gap between shafts and holes.
 
‌Petroleum industry‌: In the process of oil exploration, carbide wear-resistant sleeves are widely used in various mechanical equipment, carbide wear-resistant sleeves are used to oil extraction pump components to ensure stable operation of equipment in rugged drilling environments, greatly improving drilling efficiency.
 
Other types of tungsten carbide sleeve:
 
 
We can make the carbide sleeves as per your drawings.
 
Please send us inquiries for quotations and free samples for testing:
 
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### High quality precision machined tungsten carbide bushings for pumps YG6 YG8 K20 K30
Tungsten carbide bushings grades:
Grade
Composition (%)
Density (g/cm3)
Hardness (HRA)
T.R.S （N/mm²）
YG6
6%co 94%wc
14.85
≥92.5
≥2000
YG8
8%co 92%wc
14.7
≥89.8
≥2800
YG10X
10%co 90%wc
14.35
≥91.5
≥3600
YG11
11%co 89%wc
14.4
≥88.5
≥2900
YG6
Fine grain alloy, good wear resistance. It is suitable for making carbide sleeves and tungsten carbide bushings, wear-resistant parts, etc.
YG8
High bending strength, wear resistance lower than YG6. It is suitable for making carbide sleeves and carbide bushings, wear-resistant parts, etc.
YG11
Other types of tungsten carbide bushings:
 
 
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### High quality serrated carbide inserts for drilling
The grades for serrated carbide inserts:
Grade
WC(%)
Co(%)
Hardness(HRA)
TRS(N/mm²)
YG6
94
6
≥90.5
1860
YG8
92
8
≥89.5
2060
YG11
89
11
≥87.5
2100
YG15
85
15
≥87.5
2500
Serrated carbide inserts sizes:
 
Type
Basic size(mm)
diameter(ΦD)
height(H)
BT08270
8.2
7
BT97874
9.7
8.7
BT11208
11.2
8
 
Type
Basic size(mm)
diameter(ΦD)
height(H)
BT07207
7.2
7
BT08207
8.2
7
BT09208
9.2
8
BT10208
10.2
8
BT14815
14.8
15
BT16215
16.2
15
BT17818
17.8
18
BT20217
20.2
17
Serrated carbide insert details:
 
 
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### High performance solid carbide rods with competitive prices K10 K20 K30
1. Solid carbide rods grades：
Grade
ISO Grade
WC
(%)
Co
(%)
Grain Size
(μm)
Hardness
（HRA）
Density
（g/cm³）
TRS
（N/mm²）
BU06
K05 - K10
94
6
0.5
94
14.75
3600
BU09
K20 - K30
91
9
0.4
94
14.4
3800
YG10X
K20 - K30
90
10
0.8
91.5
14.35
3600
BT15
K20 - K30
90
10
0.7
92.2
14.35
3900
BT20
K20 - K30
90
10
0.6
92.3
14.4
4000
BT25
K30 - K40
88
12
0.6
92.5
14.1
4000
BT25UF
K30 - K40
88
12
0.4
92.8
14.05
4200
Grade BU06: This grade is suitable for machining aluminum magnesium alloy, graphite, plastic, wood and composite material, etc.
Grade BU09: This grade is suitable for machining alloy steel, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, chilled hardened steel and titanium alloy, etc. It can process materials with hardness up to HRC 65.
Grade YG10X: This grade is suitable for machining materials such as common steel, non-ferrous metals, and cast iron, etc. It can process materials with hardness up to HRC 45. This grade is is popular in the Asian market, especially the Indian market.
Grade BT15: This grade is suitable for machining common steel, cast iron, stainless steel, heat-resistant steel, chilled hardened steel, nickel base alloy and titanium alloy, etc. It can process materials with hardness up to HRC 55.  This grade is popular in the European market, especially in German market. Other markets, such as the USA, Canada, Korea, etc.
Grade BT20: This grade is suitable for machining stainless steel, heat-resistant steel, chilled hardened steel, cast iron, nickel base alloy and titanium alloy, etc. It can process materials with hardness up to HRC 55.
Grade BT25: This grade is suitable for machining alloy steel, titanium alloy, chilled hardened steel cast iron, aluminum alloy, etc. It can process materials with hardness up to HRC 60.
Grade BT25UF: This grade is suitable for machining alloy steel, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, chilled hardened steel and titanium alloy, etc. It can process materials with hardness up to HRC 62.
   2. Solid carbide rods sizes：
 
OD(MM)
Length(MM)
1-50
10-330
3. Solid carbide rod surface condition：
Sintered sand blasting surface:
 
 
Ground and polished surface h5 and h6:
 
Please send us inquiries for quotations and free samples for testing:
 
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### Customized precision machined tungsten carbide seal ring for pumps and valves YG8
Tungsten carbide seal grades:
Grade
Composition (%)
Density (g/cm3)
Hardness (HRA)
T.R.S （N/mm²）
YG6
6%co 94%wc
14.85
≥92.5
≥2000
YG8
8%co 92%wc
14.7
≥89.8
≥2800
YG10X
10%co 90%wc
14.35
≥91.5
≥3600
YG11
11%co 89%wc
14.4
≥88.5
≥2900
 
YG6
Fine grain alloy, good wear resistance. It is suitable for making carbide sleeves, tungsten carbide bushings, carbide seal rings, wear-resistant parts, etc.
YG8
High bending strength, wear resistance lower than YG6。 It is suitable for making carbide sleeves, carbide bushings, tungsten carbide seal rings, wear-resistant parts, etc.
YG11
Tungsten carbide seal sizes:
OD (MM)
ID (MM)
Height (MM)
10-800
2-400
1.5-300
We can also make the carbide seal rings as per your drawings.
 
Tungsten carbide seal ring uses:
Tungsten carbide seal rings are widely used in equipment such as pumps, valves and pipelines in the fields of petroleum, chemical industry, metallurgy, aviation, etc. Its specific applications include:
‌Petroleum and chemical industry‌: used for mechanical sealing to prevent medium leakage and external impurities from entering the equipment.
‌Metallurgy and aviation fields‌: used for sealing in high temperature and high pressure environments to ensure the stable operation of the equipment.
 
Tungsten carbide seal ring advantages:
‌High hardness‌: Tungsten carbide sealing rings have extremely high hardness, can resist mechanical wear and corrosion, and extend service life. ‌Good sealing performance‌: Its angular design provides a good sealing effect to prevent leakage and external impurities from entering the equipment.
‌High temperature resistance‌: It can operate for a long time in a high temperature environment without losing function, and is suitable for high temperature and high pressure environments.
‌Corrosion resistance‌: It adopts corrosion-resistant carbide materials and can resist the erosion of chemical media.
‌Long life‌: Due to high hardness and wear resistance, Tungsten carbide sealing rings have a long service life.
High precision‌: The product is finely ground, with small size and tolerance, and excellent and long-lasting sealing performance.
Good machinability: Cemented carbide materials have good machinability and are suitable for the manufacture of various complex shapes.
 
Tungsten carbide seal ring details:
 
 
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### High quality stellite 6 with competitive price
Stellite 6 chemical Composition:
Co
Cr
W
C
Ni
Si
Fe
Others
Stellite6B
Base
28.00-32.00
3.50-5.50
0.90-1.40
3.00*
2.00*
3.00*
Mn, Mo
Stellite 6
Base
27.00-31.00
3.00-6.00
0.90-1.40
3.00*
2.00*
3.00*
Mn, Mo
Stellite 6 B mechanical Properties per AMS 5894:
Tensile 
Strength (ksi)
Yield 
Strength (ksi)
Elongation 
in 2",%
Reduction 
Area
Hardness 
HRC
Stellite 6B
130 (min)
70 (min)
5% (min)
7% (min)
33-43
Stellite 6 B Physical Properties:
Density
Melting Point
Thermal Conductivity
Imperial 
(lb/in3)
Metric 
(kg/m3)
Imperial 
(ºF)
Metric 
(ºC)
Watt-cm/sq-cm ºC
Stellite 6B
0.303
8387
2310-2470
1265-1354
0.147
Stellite 6 details:
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### High quality tungsten alloy plate manufacturer grade K05/YG6/YG8/YG15
Tungsten alloy plate grades:
Grade
Composition (%)
Density (g/cm3)
Hardness (HRA)
T.R.S (N/mm²)
YG6A
6%co 94%wc
14.85
≥92.5
≥2000
YG8
8%co 92%wc
14.7
≥89.8
≥2800
YG10X
10%co 90%wc
14.35
≥91.5
≥3600
YG11
11%co 89%wc
14.4
≥88.5
≥2900
YG15
15%co 85%wc
14
≥87.0
≥3000
YG20
20%co 80%wc
13.5
≥85.5
≥2800
YG13X
13%co 87%wc
14.2
≥90.0
≥3200
BT15
10%co 90%wc
14.35
≥92.2
≥3900
YG6A
Fine grain alloy, good wear resistance. It is suitable for manufacturing forming cutter, wear-resistant parts etc.
YG8
 
High bending strength, wear resistance lower than YG6A, suitable for manufacturing forming cutter, wear-resistanparts etc.
YG11
YG15
Suitable for manufacturing punching dies, wear-resistant parts etc.
YG20
 
High bending strength, suitable for manufacturingprogressive dies and other punching dies.
YG13X
BT15
Somb-fine grain size, High performance, making cutting tools, suitable for cutting ordinary alloy steel, aluminum alloy, heat resistant alloy, cast iron, etc.
Tungsten alloy plate sizes:
Length
(mm)
(L)
Tolerance
Width
(mm)
(W)
Tolerance
Thickness
(mm)
(T)
Tolerance
100
+2.0/0
100
+2.0/0
1.0-70.0
+0.5/+0.2
105
+2.0/0
105
+2.0/0
1.0-70.0
+0.6/+0.2
110
+2.0/0
110
+2.0/0
1.0-70.0
+0.8/+0.2
120
+2.0/0
120
+2.0/0
1.0-70.0
+1.0/+0.2
135
+2.0/0
135
+2.0/0
1.0-70.0
+1.2/+0.2
150
+2.5/0
150
+2.5/0
1.0-70.0
+1.2/+0.2
200
+2.5/0
200
+2.5/0
3.0-70.0
+1.2/+0.2
250
+5.0/0
250
+5.0/0
15.0-60.0
+1.2/+0.2
300
+7.0/0
300
+7.0/0
20.0-60.0
+1.2/+0.2
Please send us inquiries for quotations and free samples for testing:
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### High-end and good quality tungsten steel rods with 3 helical coolant holes
Tungsten steel rod grade:
     Grade
      ISO Grade
 WC
(%)
   Co
  (%)
Grain Size
      (μm)
Hardness
（HRA）
   Density
  （g/cm³）
    TRS
   （N/mm²）
BU06
K05-K10
94
6
0.5
94
   14.75
       3600
YG10X
K20 - K30
90
10
0.8
91.5
14.35
      3600
BT15
K20 - K30
90
10
0.7
92.2
14.35
      3900
BT20
K20 - K30
90
10
0.6
92.3
14.4
    4000
BT25
K30 - K40
88
12
0.6
92.5
14.1
     4000
BT25UF
K30 - K40
88
12
0.4
92.8
14.05
    4200
 
Tungsten steel rod details:
 
 
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### High-end and high wear resistance cemented carbide buttons with cobalt 5 to 8
Cemented carbide button grades:
Grade
Co(%)
Density
(g/cm³)
Hardness
(HRA)
TRS
(N/mm²)
Recommended     Use
BM06
6
14.95
90.3
2800
 
DTH Hammers, medium to hard rock
BM65
6.5
14.90
90.0
3000
BM08
8
14.8
88.7
3200
B510
10
14.55
88.1
3300
 
Roller cone drill bits
B411
11
14.45
88.8
3200
B512
12
14.35
87.3
3200
BCK1
10
14.50
85.7
2400
 
Road milling bits, mining
BCK3-S
6.5
14.85
87.5
2200
YH13
13
14.25
88.7
3500
 
PDC Substrate
YH16
16
13.90
86.6
3200
Buttons workmanship details:
 
Button applications:
Cemented carbide buttons types and sizes:
 
Please send us inquiries for quotations and free samples for testing:
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### Rectangular carbide blanks with high quality grade C6 C8 K10 K20 K30 YG6 YG8 YG15
Rectangular carbide blanks grades:
Grade
Composition (%)
Density (g/cm3)
Hardness (HRA)
T.R.S (N/mm²)
YG6A  / K05 / C2
6%co 94%wc
14.85
≥92.5
≥2000
YG8 /K30 / C6
8%co 92%wc
14.7
≥89.8
≥2800
YG10X / K30 / C7
10%co 90%wc
14.35
≥91.5
≥3600
YG11 / K30 / C8
11%co 89%wc
14.4
≥88.5
≥2900
YG15 / K30 / C9
15%co 85%wc
14
≥87.0
≥3000
YG20 / K40 / C10
20%co 80%wc
13.5
≥85.5
≥2800
YG13X / K30 / C8-C9
13%co 87%wc
14.2
≥90.0
≥3200
BT15  / K30 / C7
10%co 90%wc
14.35
≥92.2
≥3900
YG6A
Fine grain alloy, good wear resistance. It is suitable for manufacturing forming cutter, wear-resistant parts etc.
YG8
High bending strength, wear resistance lower than YG6A, suitable for manufacturing forming cutter, wear-resistan parts etc.
YG11
YG15
Suitable for manufacturing punching dies, wear-resistant parts etc.
YG20
High bending strength, suitable for manufacturing progressive dies and other punching dies.
YG13X
BT15
Ultra-fine grain size, High performance, making cutting tools, suitable for cutting ordinary alloy steel, aluminum alloy, heat resistant alloy, cast iron, etc.
 
Rectangular carbide blanks sizes:
Length
L(mm)
Width
W(mm)
Thicknes
T(mm)
Length
Tolerance(mm)
Width
Toleranee(mm)
Thickness
Tolerance(mm)
330
2~3
1~3
+7.0
+3.0
+0.4
+0.2
+0.35
+0.15
330
3~8
1~3
+7.0
+3.0
+0.5
+0.3
+0.35
+0.15
330
8~14
2~5
+7.0
+3.0
+0.5
+0.3
+0.35
+0.15
330
14~34
2~11
+7.0
+3.0
+0.6
+0.4
+0.5
+0.2
Carbide blank details:
Please send us inquiries for quotations and free samples for testing:
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### Best YG6 / YG8 tungsten carbide sphere​ manufacturer for industrial parts
Tungsten carbide sphere​ grade:
Material/PCT%
YG6(x)
YG8
YG13
YG20
YN6
YN9
YN12
Tungsten
Carbide
94%
92%
87%
80%
94%
91%
88%
CO
6%
8%
13%
20%
Ni
6%
9%
12%
Tungsten carbide sphere​ sizes:
MM
INCH
MM
INCH
MM
INCH
0.5
5
11.113
7/16
0.6
5.159
13/64
12
0.794
1/32
5.5
12.303
31/64
0.8
5.953
15/64
12.7
1/2
1
6
13.494
17/32
1.588
1/16
6.35
1/4
14.288
9/16
2
6.5
15
2.381
3/32
6.747
17/64
16
2.5
7
16.669
21/32
2.778
7/64
7.144
9/32
18.256
23/32
3
7.5
19.844
25/32
3.175
1/8
7.938
5/16
20.638
13/16
3.5
8
22.225
7/8
3.969
5/32
8.5
28.575
11/8
4
9
30.162
13/16
4.5
9.525
3/8
4.763
3/16
10
We are able to manufacture tungsten carbide sphere​ as your requested sizes.
Carbide sphere​ tolerance:
PRECISION
Grade
VARIATION
SPHERICAL
SURFACE
TOLERANCE
LOT VARIATION
G3
0.0762μm
0.0762μm
0.0127μm
±0.762μm
0.127μm
(0.000003")
(0.000003")
(0.0000005")
(±0.0003")
(0.000003 ")
G5
0.127μm
0.127μm
0.02μm
±1.27μm
0.254μm
(0.000005")
(0.000005”)
(0.0000008")
(±0.0005")
(0.00001")
G10
0.254μm
0.254μm
0.0254μm
±2.54μm
0.508μm
(0. 00001")
(0.00001")
(0.000001")
(±0.0001")
(0.00002")
G15
0.381μm
0.381μm
0.0254μm
±2.54μm
0.0762μm
(0.000015")
(0.000015")
(0.000001")
(±0.0001")
(0.00003")
G16
0.4064μm
0.4064μm
0.0254μm
±2.54μm
0.8128μm
(0.000016")
(0.000016")
(0.000001")
(±0.0001")
(0.000032 ")
G24
0.6096μm
0.6096μm
0.0508μm
±2.54μm
1.2192μm
(0.000024")
(0.000024")
(0.000002")
(±0.00001")
(0.000048")
G25
0.635μm
0.635μm
0.0762μm
±2.54μm
1.27μm
(0.000025")
(0. 000025")
(0.000003")
(±0.0001")
(0.00005")
G48
1.2192μm
1.2192μm
0.0762μm
±0.508μm
2.4384μm
(0.000048")
(0.000048")
(0.000003")
(±0.0002")
(0.000096")
G50
1.27μm
1.27μm
0.0762μm
±7.62μm
2.54μm
(0.00005”)
(0.00005")
(0.000003”)
(±0.0003")
(0.0001 ")
Carbide sphere application:
1. Critical bearings: Used in precision machinery operating at high speeds, under heavy loads, or in corrosive environments, such as advanced CNC machine tools and aerospace equipment.
2. Oil valves: Used in pumps used in oil drilling, they withstand immense pressure and abrasion from sand and gravel.
3. Chemical pumps and valves: Pumps and valves used to transport abrasive slurries or chemical liquids, and are much more durable than steel balls.
4. Pen tip beads: The small ball in the tip of a high-end ballpoint pen ensures smooth writing even after hundreds of thousands of words.
5. Precision measurement: Used as probes in precision measuring instruments, they are resistant to wear and maintain accuracy over time.
Please send us inquiries for quotations and free samples for testing:
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### YG6 / YG8 Tungsten carbide ball manufacturer with high quality for industrial parts
Tungsten carbide ball grade:
Material/PCT%
YG6(x)
YG8
YG13
YG20
YN6
YN9
YN12
Tungsten
Carbide
94%
92%
87%
80%
94%
91%
88%
CO
6%
8%
13%
20%
Ni
6%
9%
12%
Tungsten carbide ball sizes:
MM
INCH
MM
INCH
MM
INCH
0.5
5
11.113
7/16
0.6
5.159
13/64
12
0.794
1/32
5.5
12.303
31/64
0.8
5.953
15/64
12.7
1/2
1
6
13.494
17/32
1.588
1/16
6.35
1/4
14.288
9/16
2
6.5
15
2.381
3/32
6.747
17/64
16
2.5
7
16.669
21/32
2.778
7/64
7.144
9/32
18.256
23/32
3
7.5
19.844
25/32
3.175
1/8
7.938
5/16
20.638
13/16
3.5
8
22.225
7/8
3.969
5/32
8.5
28.575
11/8
4
9
30.162
13/16
4.5
9.525
3/8
4.763
3/16
10
We are able to manufacture tungsten carbide balls as your requested sizes.
 
Tungsten carbide ball tolerance:
PRECISION
Grade
VARIATION
SPHERICAL
SURFACE
TOLERANCE
LOT VARIATION
G3
0.0762μm
0.0762μm
0.0127μm
±0.762μm
0.127μm
(0.000003")
(0.000003")
(0.0000005")
(±0.0003")
(0.000003 ")
G5
0.127μm
0.127μm
0.02μm
±1.27μm
0.254μm
(0.000005")
(0.000005”)
(0.0000008")
(±0.0005")
(0.00001")
G10
0.254μm
0.254μm
0.0254μm
±2.54μm
0.508μm
(0. 00001")
(0.00001")
(0.000001")
(±0.0001")
(0.00002")
G15
0.381μm
0.381μm
0.0254μm
±2.54μm
0.0762μm
(0.000015")
(0.000015")
(0.000001")
(±0.0001")
(0.00003")
G16
0.4064μm
0.4064μm
0.0254μm
±2.54μm
0.8128μm
(0.000016")
(0.000016")
(0.000001")
(±0.0001")
(0.000032 ")
G24
0.6096μm
0.6096μm
0.0508μm
±2.54μm
1.2192μm
(0.000024")
(0.000024")
(0.000002")
(±0.00001")
(0.000048")
G25
0.635μm
0.635μm
0.0762μm
±2.54μm
1.27μm
(0.000025")
(0. 000025")
(0.000003")
(±0.0001")
(0.00005")
G48
1.2192μm
1.2192μm
0.0762μm
±0.508μm
2.4384μm
(0.000048")
(0.000048")
(0.000003")
(±0.0002")
(0.000096")
G50
1.27μm
1.27μm
0.0762μm
±7.62μm
2.54μm
(0.00005”)
(0.00005")
(0.000003”)
(±0.0003")
(0.0001 ")
Carbide ball details:
 
Carbide ball application:
1. Critical bearings: Used in precision machinery operating at high speeds, under heavy loads, or in corrosive environments, such as advanced CNC machine tools and aerospace equipment.
2. Oil valves: Used in pumps used in oil drilling, they withstand immense pressure and abrasion from sand and gravel.
3. Chemical pumps and valves: Pumps and valves used to transport abrasive slurries or chemical liquids, and are much more durable than steel balls.
4. Pen tip beads: The small ball in the tip of a high-end ballpoint pen ensures smooth writing even after hundreds of thousands of words.
5. Precision measurement: Used as probes in precision measuring instruments, they are resistant to wear and maintain accuracy over time.
Please send us inquiries for quotations and free samples for testing:
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### Carbide blanks with 1 central straight coolant hole
1. Carbide blanks grade:
     Grade
      ISO Grade
 WC
(%)
   Co
  (%)
Grain Size
      (μm)
Hardness
（HRA）
   Density
  （g/cm³）
    TRS
   （N/mm²）
BU06
K05-K10
94
6
0.5
94
   14.75
       3600
YG10X
K20 - K30
90
10
0.8
91.5
14.35
      3600
BT15
K20 - K30
90
10
0.7
92.2
14.35
      3900
BT20
K20 - K30
90
10
0.6
92.3
14.4
    4000
BT25
K30 - K40
88
12
0.6
92.5
14.1
     4000
BT25UF
K30 - K40
88
12
0.4
92.8
14.05
    4200
   2. Carbide blanks sizes:
 
Type
D
        L
 (Tol./0,+4)
d
a
φ(mm)
Tol. (mm)
d(mm)
Tol. (mm)
Bφ6xφ1x330
6
+0.30/+0.60
330
1
±0.15
0.15
Bφ7xφ1x330
7
+0.30/+0.60
330
1
±0.15
0.15
Bφ7xφ1x330
8
+0.30/+0.60
330
1
±0.15
0.15
Bφ9xφ1.4x330
9
+0.30/+0.70
330
1.4
±0.15
0.2
Bφ10xφ1.4x330
10
+0.30/+0.70
330
1.4
±0.15
0.2
Bφ11xφ1.4x330
11
+0.30/+0.70
330
1.4
±0.15
0.3
Bφ12xφ1.75x330
12
+0.30/+0.80
330
1.75
±0.15
0.3
Bφ13xφ1.75x330
13
+0.30/+0.80
330
1.75
±0.15
0.4
Bφ14xφ1.75x330
14
+0.30/+0.80
330
1.75
±0.15
0.4
Bφ15xφ2x330
15
+0.40/+0.80
330
2
±0.20
0.4
Bφ16xφ2x330
16
+0.40/+0.80
330
2
±0.20
0.4
Bφ17xφ2x330
17
+0.40/+0.80
330
2
±0.20
0.5
Bφ18xφ2x330
18
+0.40/+0.80
330
2
±0.20
0.5
Bφ19xφ2x330
19
+0.40/+0.80
330
2
±0.20
0.5
Bφ20xφ2.5x330
20
+0.40/+0.80
330
2.5
±0.25
0.5
Bφ22xφ2.5x330
22
+0.40/+0.80
330
2.5
±0.25
0.5
Bφ24xφ2.5x330
24
+0.40/+0.80
330
3
±0.25
0.5
Bφ25xφ2.5x330
25
+0.40/+0.80
330
3
±0.25
0.5
Please send us inquiries for quotations and free samples for testing:
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### High quality tungsten carbide inserts for TBM tunnel boring machine
Tungsten carbide insert grades:
Grade
Co(%)
Density
(g/cm³)
Hardness
(HRA)
Average Grain Size
(μm)
TRS
(N/mm²)
BK5
6
14.90
88.0
3-5
2300
BK3
8
14.70
87.0
3-5
2400
BK2
9
14.60
86.7
3-5
2450
BK1
10
14.50
86.3
3-5
2500
BK13
13
14.20
85.5
3-5
2700
BK15
15
14.00
84.5
3-5
2900
BCK13
13
14.20
85.0
4-7
2650
YG11C
11
14.40
86.5
2-3
2450
YG13C
12
14.30
86.0
2-3
2500
YG15C
14
14.10
85.5
2-3
2600
Tungsten carbide inserts application:
Our customer background for carbide inserts: We supply tungsten carbide inserts for China Railway Group (CREC).
Please send us inquiries for quotations and free samples for testing:
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### Excellent wear resistance hexagon tungsten carbide tips for mining core drill bits
Please check the following sizes to choose the size you need：
The grades for tungsten carbide tips:
Grade
WC(%)
Co(%)
Hardness(HRA)
TRS((N/mm²))
YG6
94 
6 
≥90.5
1860 
YG8
92 
8 
≥89.5
2060 
YG11
89 
11 
≥87.5
2100 
YG15
85 
15 
≥87.5
2500 
Please send us inquiries for quotations and free samples for testing:
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### Customized precision machined tungsten carbide ring for frac pump valve seat
Tungsten carbide ring for frac pump valve seat grades:
Grade
Composition (%)
Density (g/cm3)
Hardness (HRA)
T.R.S (MPa)
YG6
6%co 94%wc
14.85
≥92.5
≥2000
YG8
8%co 92%wc
14.7
≥89.8
≥2800
YG10X
10%co 90%wc
14.35
≥91.5
≥3600
YG11
11%co 89%wc
14.4
≥88.5
≥2900
YG6
Fine grain alloy, good wear resistance. It is suitable for making carbide sleeves and bushing, wear-resistant parts, etc.
YG8
High bending strength, wear resistance lower than YG6. It is suitable for making carbide rings and bushing, wear-resistant parts, etc.
YG11
Please send us inquiries for quotations and free samples for testing:
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### High-end tungsten carbide rods with 2 helical coolant holes
Tungsten carbide rods with helical coolant holes grade:
     Grade
      ISO Grade
 WC
(%)
   Co
  (%)
Grain Size
      (μm)
Hardness
（HRA）
   Density
  （g/cm³）
    TRS
   （N/mm²）
BU06
K05-K10
94
6
0.5
94
   14.75
       3600
YG10X
K20 - K30
90
10
0.8
91.5
14.35
      3600
BT15
K20 - K30
90
10
0.7
92.2
14.35
      3900
BT20
K20 - K30
90
10
0.6
92.3
14.4
    4000
BT25
K30 - K40
88
12
0.6
92.5
14.1
     4000
BT25UF
K30 - K40
88
12
0.4
92.8
14.05
    4200
 
Tungsten carbide rods with helical coolant hole sizes:
 
Type
D
L
(Tol./0,+4)
d
TK
a
Pitch
φ(mm)
Tol(mm)
d(mm)
Tol(mm)
TK(mm)
Tol(mm)
P(mm)
Tol(mm)
Bφ6x260.7x26x330H30
6
+0.7,+1.3
330
0.70
±0.10
2.60
0,-0.4
0.15
32.65
+0.67,-0.65
Bo7x2610x37x330H30
7
+0.7,+1.3
 330
1.00
±0.15
3.70
0,-0.4
0.15
38.09
+0.78,-0.76
Bφ8x2φ10x40x330H30
8
+0.7,+1.3
 330
1.00
±0.15
4.00
0,-0.4
0.15
43.53
+0.89,-0.86
Bφ9x2614x48x330H30
9
+0.7,+1.3
330
1.40
±0.15
4.80
0,-0.6
0.20
48.97
+1.00,-0.97
Bo10x2φ14x4.8x330H30
10
+0.7,+1.3
330
1.40
±0.15
4.80
0,-0.6
0.20
54.41
+1.11.-1.08
Bφ11x2614x53x330H30
11
+0.7,+1.4
 330
1.40
±0.15
5.30
0,-0.8
0.30
59.86
+1.22,-1.19
Bo12x2φ14x625x330H30
12
+0.7,+1.4
330
1.40
±0.15
6.25
0,-0.8
0.30
65.3
+1.34,-1.30
Bo13x2φ175x6.5x330H30
13
+0.7,+1.4
330
1.75
±0.20
6.50
0,-0.8
0.37
70.74
+1.45,-1.40
Bφ14x26175x7.x330H30
14
+0.7,+1.5
 330
1.75
±0.20
7.10
0,-0.8
0.40
76.18
+1.56,-1.51
Bo15x2o1.75x7.7x330H30
15
+0.7,+1.5
 330
1.75
±0.20
7.70
0,-0.8
0.40
81.62
+1.67,-1.62
Bo16x2o175x83x330H30
16
+0.7,+1.6
 330
1.75
±0.20
8.30
0,-0.8
0.40
87.06
+1.78,-1.83
Bo17x26175x89x330H30
17
+0.7,+1.6
 330
1.75
±0.20
8.90
0,-0.8
0.45
92.5
+1.89,-1.84
Bφ18x2φ23x955x330H30
18
+0.7,+1.7
 330
2.30
±0.25
9.55
0,-0.8
0.50
97.95
+2.00,-1.94
B619x2o23x101x330H30
19
+0.7,+1.7
330
2.30
±0.25
10.10
0,-0.8
0.50
103.39
+2.12-2.05
Bφ20x2625x104x330H30
20
+0.7,+1.7
330
2.50
±0.25
10.40
0,-10
0.50
108.83
+2.23.-2.16
New sizes for your reference:
Φ4*330-Φ0.4*1-30°
Φ4*330-Φ0.4*1-40°
φ6*330*2φ0.7*2.6-30°
φ6*330*2φ0.7*2.6-40°
φ8*330*2φ1.0*4.0-30°
φ8*330*2φ1.0*4.0-40°
φ10*330*2φ1.4*4.8-30°
φ10*330*2φ1.4*4.8-40°
φ12*330*2φ1.4*6.25-30°
φ12*330*2φ1.4*6.25-40°
φ14*330*2φ1.75*7.1-30°
φ14*330*2φ1.75*7.1-40°
φ16*330*2φ1.75*8.3-30°
φ16*330*2φ1.75*8.3-40°
φ18*330*2φ2.0*9.55-30°
φ18*330*2φ2.0*9.55-40°
φ20*330*2φ2.0*10.4-30°
φ20*330*2φ2.0*10.4-40°
Φ21*330-Φ2*10.5-30°
Φ21*330-Φ2*10.5-40°
Φ22*330-Φ2*11.1-30°
Φ22*330-Φ2*11.1-40°
Φ23*330-Φ2*11.7-30°
Φ23*330-Φ2*11.7-40°
Φ24*330-Φ2*12.3-30°
Φ24*330-Φ2*12.3-40°
Φ25*330-Φ2.5*12.3-30°
Φ25*330-Φ2.5*12.3-40°
Φ26*330-Φ2*13.3-30°
Φ26*330-Φ2*13.3-40°
Φ28*330-Φ2.5*14.2-30°
Φ28*330-Φ2.5*14.2-40°
Φ30*330-Φ2.5*15.4-30°
Φ30*330-Φ2.5*15.4-40°
Φ32*330-Φ3*16.6-30°
Φ32*330-Φ3*16.6-40°
Please send us inquiries for quotations and free samples for testing:
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### High wear resistance tungsten carbide blades for belt scraper cleaners
Tungsten carbide blade grades:
Grade
Composition (%)
Density (g/cm3)
Hardness (HRA)
T.R.S (N/mm²)
YG6A
6%co 94%wc
14.85
≥92.5
≥2000
YG8
8%co 92%wc
14.7
≥89.8
≥2800
YG10X
10%co 90%wc
14.35
≥91.5
≥3600
YG11
11%co 89%wc
14.4
≥88.5
≥2900
YG15
15%co 85%wc
14
≥87.0
≥3000
YG20
20%co 80%wc
13.5
≥85.5
≥2800
YG13X
13%co 87%wc
14.2
≥90.0
≥3200
BT15
10%co 90%wc
14.35
≥92.2
≥3900
YG6A
Fine grain alloy, good wear resistance. It is suitable for manufacturing forming cutter, wear-resistant parts etc.
YG8
High bending strength, wear resistance lower than YG6A, suitable for manufacturing forming cutter, wear-resistan parts etc.
YG11
YG15
Suitable for manufacturing punching dies, wear-resistant parts etc.
YG20
High bending strength, suitable for manufacturing progressive dies and other punching dies.
YG13X
BT15
Ultra-fine grain size, High performance, making cutting tools, suitable for cutting ordinary alloy steel, aluminum alloy, heat resistant alloy, cast iron, etc.
Tungsten carbide blades sizes:
Length
L(mm)
Width
W(mm)
Thicknes
T(mm)
Length
Tolerance(mm)
Width
Toleranee(mm)
Thickness
Tolerance(mm)
330
2~3
1~3
+7.0
+3.0
+0.4
+0.2
+0.35
+0.15
330
3~8
1~3
+7.0
+3.0
+0.5
+0.3
+0.35
+0.15
330
8~14
2~5
+7.0
+3.0
+0.5
+0.3
+0.35
+0.15
330
14~34
2~11
+7.0
+3.0
+0.6
+0.4
+0.5
+0.2
You can also send me your carbide blade sizes, we can make them as per your drawings.
Please send us inquiries for quotations and free samples for testing:
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### High-end 330 MM wolfram carbide rod blanks with high quality
Wolfram carbide rod blanks grades:
     Grade
      ISO Grade
 WC
(%)
   Co
  (%)
Grain Size
      (μm)
Hardness
（HRA）
   Density
  （g/cm³）
    TRS
   （N/mm²）
BU06
K05-K10
94
6
0.5
94
   14.75
       3600
YG10X
K20 - K30
90
10
0.8
91.5
14.35
      3600
BT15
K20 - K30
90
10
0.7
92.2
14.35
      3900
BT20
K20 - K30
90
10
0.6
92.3
14.4
    4000
BT25
K30 - K40
88
12
0.6
92.5
14.1
     4000
BT25UF
K30 - K40
88
12
0.4
92.8
14.05
    4200
Grade BU06: This grade is suitable for machining aluminum magnesium alloy, graphite, plastic material, wood and composite material, etc.
Grade BU09: This grade is suitable for machining alloy steel, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, chilled hardened steel and titanium alloy, etc. It can process materials with hardness up to HRC 65.
Grade YG10X: This grade is suitable for machining materials such as common steel, non-ferrous metals, and cast iron, etc. It can process materials with hardness up to HRC 45. This grade is is popular in the Asian market, especially the Indian market.
Grade BT15: This grade is suitable for machining common steel, cast iron, stainless steel, heat-resistant steel, chilled hardened steel, nickel base alloy and titanium alloy, etc. It can process materials with hardness up to HRC 55.  This grade is popular in the European market, especially in German market. Other markets, such as the USA, Canada, Korea, etc.
Grade BT20: This grade is suitable for machining stainless steel, heat-resistant steel, chilled hardened steel, cast iron, nickel base alloy and titanium alloy, etc. It can process materials with hardness up to HRC 55.
Grade BT25: This grade is suitable for machining alloy steel, titanium alloy, chilled hardened steel cast iron, aluminum alloy, etc. It can process materials with hardness up to HRC 60.
Grade BT25UF: This grade is suitable for machining alloy steel, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, chilled hardened steel and titanium alloy, etc. It can process materials with hardness up to HRC 62.
Carbide rod blanks details:
 
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### Wolfram carbide EDM blocks for stamping molds and stamping dies
Wolfram carbide EDM blocks grades:
Grade
Composition (%)
Density (g/cm3)
Hardness (HRA)
T.R.S (N/mm²)
YG6A
6%co 94%wc
14.85
≥92.5
≥2000
YG8
8%co 92%wc
14.7
≥89.8
≥2800
YG10X
10%co 90%wc
14.35
≥91.5
≥3600
YG11
11%co 89%wc
14.4
≥88.5
≥2900
YG15
15%co 85%wc
14
≥87.0
≥3000
YG20
20%co 80%wc
13.5
≥85.5
≥2800
YG13X
13%co 87%wc
14.2
≥90.0
≥3200
BT15
10%co 90%wc
14.35
≥92.2
≥3900
YG6A
Fine grain alloy, good wear resistance. It is suitable for manufacturing forming cutter, wear-resistant parts etc.
YG8
 
High bending strength, wear resistance lower than YG6A, suitable for manufacturing forming cutter, wear-resistanparts etc.
YG11
YG15
Suitable for manufacturing punching dies, wear-resistant parts etc.
YG20
 
High bending strength, suitable for manufacturing progressive dies and other punching dies.
YG13X
BT15
Somb-fine grain size, High performance, making cutting tools, suitable for cutting ordinary alloy steel, aluminum alloy, heat resistant alloy, cast iron, etc.
Wolfram carbide EDM blocks sizes:
Length
(mm)
(L)
Tolerance
Width
(mm)
(W)
Tolerance
Thickness
(mm)
(T)
Tolerance
100
+2.0/0
100
+2.0/0
1.0-70.0
+0.5/+0.2
105
+2.0/0
105
+2.0/0
1.0-70.0
+0.6/+0.2
110
+2.0/0
110
+2.0/0
1.0-70.0
+0.8/+0.2
120
+2.0/0
120
+2.0/0
1.0-70.0
+1.0/+0.2
135
+2.0/0
135
+2.0/0
1.0-70.0
+1.2/+0.2
150
+2.5/0
150
+2.5/0
1.0-70.0
+1.2/+0.2
200
+2.5/0
200
+2.5/0
3.0-70.0
+1.2/+0.2
250
+5.0/0
250
+5.0/0
15.0-60.0
+1.2/+0.2
300
+7.0/0
300
+7.0/0
20.0-60.0
+1.2/+0.2
Carbide EDM blocks details:
 
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### High quality tungsten carbide teeth for cold milling machine cutters
Tungsten carbide teeth grade:
Grade
Co(%)
Density
(g/cm³)
Hardness
(HRA)
TRS
(N/mm²)
Recommended     Use
BM06
6
14.95
90.3
2800
 
DTH Hammers, medium to hard rock
BM65
6.5
14.90
90.0
3000
BM08
8
14.8
88.7
3200
B510
10
14.55
88.1
3300
 
Roller cone drill bits
B411
11
14.45
88.8
3200
B512
12
14.35
87.3
3200
BCK1
10
14.50
85.7
2400
 
Road milling bits, mining
BCK3-S
6.5
14.85
87.5
2200
YH13
13
14.25
88.7
3500
 
PDC Substrate
YH16
16
13.90
86.6
3200
Tungsten carbide teeth sizes:
 
 
Type
Basic size(mm)
diameter(ΦD)
height(H)
BTW1615
16.2
15.1
BTW1817
17.8
17.1
BTW1917
19.0
17.5
Tungsten carbide teeth drawings:
 
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### Customized precision machined tungsten carbide nozzles with high quality
Customized precision machined tungsten carbide nozzles:
 
Tungsten carbide nozzle grade:
Grade
Composition (%)
Density (g/cm3)
Hardness (HRA)
T.R.S (N/mm²)
YG6
6%co 94%wc
14.85
≥92.5
≥2000
YG8
8%co 92%wc
14.7
≥89.8
≥2800
YG10X
10%co 90%wc
14.35
≥91.5
≥3600
YG11
11%co 89%wc
14.4
≥88.5
≥2900
YG6
Fine grain alloy, good wear resistance. It is suitable for making carbide nozzles, wear-resistant parts, etc.
YG8
High bending strength, wear resistance lower than YG6. It is suitable for making carbide nozzles, wear-resistant parts, etc.
YG11
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### Customized precision machined tungsten carbide sleeves for pumps
Customized precision machined tungsten carbide sleeves for pumps:
 
Tungsten carbide sleeve grades:
Grade
Composition (%)
Density (g/cm3)
Hardness (HRA)
T.R.S （N/mm²）
YG6
6%co 94%wc
14.85
≥92.5
≥2000
YG8
8%co 92%wc
14.7
≥89.8
≥2800
YG10X
10%co 90%wc
14.35
≥91.5
≥3600
YG11
11%co 89%wc
14.4
≥88.5
≥2900
YG6
Fine grain alloy, good wear resistance. It is suitable for making carbide sleeves and bushing, wear-resistant parts, etc.
YG8
High bending strength, wear resistance lower than YG6. It is suitable for making carbide sleeves and bushing, wear-resistant parts, etc.
YG11
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### High quality tungsten carbide blades with holes Yg6 YG8 YG11 YG15
Tungsten carbide blades with holes
 
Tungsten carbide blade grades:
Grade
Composition (%)
Density (g/cm3)
Hardness (HRA)
T.R.S (N/mm²)
YG6A
6%co 94%wc
14.85
≥92.5
≥2000
YG8
8%co 92%wc
14.7
≥89.8
≥2800
YG10X
10%co 90%wc
14.35
≥91.5
≥3600
YG11
11%co 89%wc
14.4
≥88.5
≥2900
YG15
15%co 85%wc
14
≥87.0
≥3000
YG20
20%co 80%wc
13.5
≥85.5
≥2800
YG13X
13%co 87%wc
14.2
≥90.0
≥3200
BT15
10%co 90%wc
14.35
≥92.2
≥3900
YG6A
Fine grain alloy, good wear resistance. It is suitable for manufacturing forming cutter, wear-resistant parts etc.
YG8
High bending strength, wear resistance lower than YG6A, suitable for manufacturing forming cutter, wear-resistan parts etc.
YG11
YG15
Suitable for manufacturing punching dies, wear-resistant parts etc.
YG20
High bending strength, suitable for manufacturing progressive dies and other punching dies.
YG13X
BT15
Ultra-fine grain size, High performance, making cutting tools, suitable for cutting ordinary alloy steel, aluminum alloy, heat resistant alloy, cast iron, etc.
Tungsten carbide blade sizes:
Length
L(mm)
Width
W(mm)
Thicknes
T(mm)
Length
Tolerance(mm)
Width
Toleranee(mm)
Thickness
Tolerance(mm)
330
2~3
1~3
+7.0
+3.0
+0.4
+0.2
+0.35
+0.15
330
3~8
1~3
+7.0
+3.0
+0.5
+0.3
+0.35
+0.15
330
8~14
2~5
+7.0
+3.0
+0.5
+0.3
+0.35
+0.15
330
14~34
2~11
+7.0
+3.0
+0.6
+0.4
+0.5
+0.2
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### High quality tungsten carbide sheets for stamping mold grade K05/YG6
Tungsten carbide sheets grades:
Grade
Composition (%)
Density (g/cm3)
Hardness (HRA)
T.R.S (N/mm²)
YG6A  / K05 / C2
6%co 94%wc
14.85
≥92.5
≥2000
YG8 /K30 / C6
8%co 92%wc
14.7
≥89.8
≥2800
YG10X / K30 / C7
10%co 90%wc
14.35
≥91.5
≥3600
YG11 / K30 / C8
11%co 89%wc
14.4
≥88.5
≥2900
YG15 / K30 / C9
15%co 85%wc
14
≥87.0
≥3000
YG20  / K40 / C10
20%co 80%wc
13.5
≥85.5
≥2800
YG13X / K30 / C8-C9
13%co 87%wc
14.2
≥90.0
≥3200
BT15  / K30 / C7
10%co 90%wc
14.35
≥92.2
≥3900
YG6A
Fine grain alloy, good wear resistance. It is suitable for manufacturing forming cutter, wear-resistant parts etc.
YG8
 
High bending strength, wear resistance lower than YG6A, suitable for manufacturing forming cutter, wear-resistant parts etc.
YG11
YG15
Suitable for manufacturing punching dies, wear-resistant parts etc.
YG20
 
High bending strength, suitable for manufacturing progressive dies and other punching dies.
YG13X
BT15
Ultra-fine grain size, High performance, making cutting tools, suitable for cutting ordinary alloy steel, aluminum alloy, heat resistant alloy, cast iron, etc.
Tungsten carbide sheets sizes:
Length
(mm)
(L)
Tolerance
Width
(mm)
(W)
Tolerance
Thickness
(mm)
(T)
Tolerance
100
+2.0/0
100
+2.0/0
1.0-70.0
+0.5/+0.2
105
+2.0/0
105
+2.0/0
1.0-70.0
+0.6/+0.2
110
+2.0/0
110
+2.0/0
1.0-70.0
+0.8/+0.2
120
+2.0/0
120
+2.0/0
1.0-70.0
+1.0/+0.2
135
+2.0/0
135
+2.0/0
1.0-70.0
+1.2/+0.2
150
+2.5/0
150
+2.5/0
1.0-70.0
+1.2/+0.2
200
+2.5/0
200
+2.5/0
3.0-70.0
+1.2/+0.2
250
+5.0/0
250
+5.0/0
15.0-60.0
+1.2/+0.2
300
+7.0/0
300
+7.0/0
20.0-60.0
+1.2/+0.2
 
Carbide sheets details:
 
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### High quality tungsten carbide plates with good wear resistance
Tungsten carbide plate grades:
Grade
Composition (%)
Density (g/cm3)
Hardness (HRA)
T.R.S （N/mm²）
YG6A
6%co 94%wc
14.85
≥92.5
≥2000
YG8
8%co 92%wc
14.7
≥89.8
≥2800
YG10X
10%co 90%wc
14.35
≥91.5
≥3600
YG11
11%co 89%wc
14.4
≥88.5
≥2900
YG15
15%co 85%wc
14
≥87.0
≥3000
YG20
20%co 80%wc
13.5
≥85.5
≥2800
YG13X
13%co 87%wc
14.2
≥90.0
≥3200
BT15
10%co 90%wc
14.35
≥92.2
≥3900
YG6A
Fine grain alloy, good wear resistance. It is suitable for manufacturing forming cutter, wear-resistant parts etc.
YG8
High bending strength, wear resistance lower than YG6A, suitable for manufacturing forming cutter, wear-resistant parts etc.
YG11
YG15
Suitable for manufacturing punching dies, wear-resistant parts etc.
YG20
High bending strength, suitable for manufacturing progressive dies and other punching dies.
YG13X
BT15
Ultra-fine grain size, High performance, making cutting tools, suitable for cutting ordinary alloy steel, aluminum alloy, heat resistant alloy, cast iron, etc.
Tungsten carbide plate sizes:
Length
L(mm)
Width
W(mm)
Thicknes
T(mm)
Length
Tolerance(mm)
Width
Toleranee(mm)
Thickness
Tolerance(mm)
330
2~3
1~3
+7.0
+3.0
+0.4
+0.2
+0.35
+0.15
330
3~8
1~3
+7.0
+3.0
+0.5
+0.3
+0.35
+0.15
330
8~14
2~5
+7.0
+3.0
+0.5
+0.3
+0.35
+0.15
330
14~34
2~11
+7.0
+3.0
+0.6
+0.4
+0.5
+0.2
Tungsten carbide plate details:
Primary Applications of Tungsten Carbide Plates:
Tungsten carbide plates are widely utilized in industrial sectors requiring exceptional wear resistance, impact resistance, and stability due to their superior properties. Below are their core application scenarios:
1.Wear-Resistant Components and Liner Plates
This is the most classic application. The plates are directly machined into various wear-resistant parts for harsh working conditions.
Typical Applications: Liner plates for mining machinery, pump components handling abrasive slurries, chute liners in cement plants, and scraper blades for conveyor belts.
Function: Protect main equipment structures from wear caused by high-velocity granular materials (e.g., ores, sand, coal powder), significantly extending service life and reducing downtime for replacements.
2.Stamping and Forming Dies
Blanking Dies: Especially for precision and high-wear applications such as silicon steel sheet punching, electronic component lead frame stamping, and ceramic tile extrusion molds. Tungsten carbide dies offer a service life tens to hundreds of times longer than steel dies, ensuring dimensional stability in long-term production.
Drawing Dies: Used for wire and rod drawing, as well as deep drawing of metal cups. Their low friction coefficient and high surface finish minimize product scratches and improve quality.
Cold Heading and Cold Extrusion Dies: Ideal for forming metals at room temperature, where dies endure extreme pressure and friction.
3.Precision Measurement and Positioning Components
Applications: Gauge blocks, calipers, V-blocks, guide rails, and sliding plates.
Reason: Tungsten carbide exhibits exceptional dimensional stability, wear resistance, minimal thermal expansion, and corrosion resistance. This ensures the long-term accuracy of precision measuring tools and prevents wear-induced gaps in positioning components.
4.Tool Substrates and Blades
While most cutting inserts are pre-shaped, plates serve as raw material for manufacturing these blades.
Applications: Plates are processed via wire cutting or grinding to produce blades for lead cutters, PCB V-CUT knives, and specially shaped shear blades. These tools are used for machining solid wood, particleboard, plastics, cast steel, cast iron, forgings, and stainless steel.
 
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### High quality tungsten carbide buttons for DTH hammers level 1
Tungsten carbide buttons grade:
Grade
Co(%)
Density
(g/cm³)
Hardness
(HRA)
TRS
(N/mm²)
Recommended     Use
BM06
6
14.95
90.3
2800
 
DTH Hammers, medium to hard rock
BM65
6.5
14.90
90.0
3000
BM08
8
14.8
88.7
3200
B510
10
14.55
88.1
3300
 
Roller cone drill bits
B411
11
14.45
88.8
3200
B512
12
14.35
87.3
3200
BCK1
10
14.50
85.7
2400
 
Road milling bits, mining
BCK3-S
6.5
14.85
87.5
2200
YH13
13
14.25
88.7
3500
 
PDC Substrate
YH16
16
13.90
86.6
3200
Carbide button sizes：
 
Type
Basic size(mm)
diameter(ΦD)
height(H)
radius of sphere(SR)
BTQ08212ABT15
8.2
12
4.2
BTQ09213ABT17
9.2
13
4.6
BTQ10214BT20
10.2
14
5.2
BTQ11215BT21
11.2
15
6.0
BTQ12217BT18
12.2
17
6.6
BTQ13219BT20
13.2
19
6.7
BTQ14322BT10
14.3
22
7.2
BTQ16324ABT30
16.3
24
8.8
BTQ18327BT33
18.3
27
9.2
BTQ19225D20
19.2
25
9.6
BTQ202280EBT35
20.2
28
10.2
BTQ22230EBT35
22.2
30
11.2
Tungsten carbide button workmanship details:
Tungsten carbide button applications:
 
Tungsten carbide buttons types and sizes:
 
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### High quality precision ground tungsten carbide rods h5
Tungsten carbide rod grade:
     Grade
      ISO Grade
 WC
(%)
   Co
  (%)
Grain Size
      (μm)
Hardness
（HRA）
   Density
  （g/cm³）
    TRS
   （N/mm²）
BU06
K05-K10
94
6
0.5
94
   14.75
       3600
YG10X
K20 - K30
90
10
0.8
91.5
14.35
      3600
BT15
K20 - K30
90
10
0.7
92.2
14.35
      3900
BT20
K20 - K30
90
10
0.6
92.3
14.4
    4000
BT25
K30 - K40
88
12
0.6
92.5
14.1
     4000
BT25UF
K30 - K40
88
12
0.4
92.8
14.05
    4200
Details of precision ground carbide rods:
 
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### High-end ground tungsten carbide rods h6
Tungsten carbide rod grades:
     Grade
      ISO Grade
 WC
(%)
   Co
  (%)
Grain Size
      (μm)
Hardness
（HRA）
   Density
  （g/cm³）
    TRS
   （N/mm²）
BU06
K05-K10
94
6
0.5
94
   14.75
       3600
YG10X
K20 - K30
90
10
0.8
91.5
14.35
      3600
BT15
K20 - K30
90
10
0.7
92.2
14.35
      3900
BT20
K20 - K30
90
10
0.6
92.3
14.4
    4000
BT25
K30 - K40
88
12
0.6
92.5
14.1
     4000
BT25UF
K30 - K40
88
12
0.4
92.8
14.05
    4200
Grade BU06: This grade is suitable for machining aluminum magnesium alloy, graphite, plastic, wood and composite material, etc.
 
Grade BU09: This grade is suitable for machining alloy steel, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, chilled hardened steel and titanium alloy, etc. It can process materials with hardness up to HRC 65.
 
Grade YG10X: This grade is suitable for machining materials such as common steel, non-ferrous metals, and cast iron, etc. It can process materials with hardness up to HRC 45. This grade is is popular in the Asian market, especially the Indian market.
 
Grade BT15: This grade is suitable for machining common steel, cast iron, stainless steel, heat-resistant steel, chilled hardened steel, nickel base alloy and titanium alloy, etc. It can process materials with hardness up to HRC 55.  This grade is popular in the European market, especially in German market. Other markets, such as the USA, Canada, Korea, etc.
 
Grade BT20: This grade is suitable for machining stainless steel, heat-resistant steel, chilled hardened steel, cast iron, nickel base alloy and titanium alloy, etc. It can process materials with hardness up to HRC 55.
 
Grade BT25: This grade is suitable for machining alloy steel, titanium alloy, chilled hardened steel cast iron, aluminum alloy, etc. It can process materials with hardness up to HRC 60.
 
Grade BT25UF: This grade is suitable for machining alloy steel, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, chilled hardened steel and titanium alloy, etc. It can process materials with hardness up to HRC 62.
Sizes of ground carbide rods:
OD(MM)
Length(MM)
0.2-60
10-330
Details of 330mm ground carbide rods:
 
Details of short standard  ground tungsten carbide rods:
 
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